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Function

This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that belongs to a highly conserved subfamily of WD-repeat proteins. It is present in protein complexes involved in histone acetylation and chromatin assembly. It is part of the Mi-2/NuRD complex that has been implicated in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional repression associated with histone deacetylation. This encoded protein is also part of corepressor complexes, which is an integral component of transcriptional silencing. It is found among several cellular proteins that bind directly to retinoblastoma protein to regulate cell proliferation. This protein also seems to be involved in transcriptional repression of E2F-responsive genes.³

Clinical significance

A decrease of RbAp48 in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus in the brain is suspected to be a main cause of memory loss in normal aging.⁴ An age related decrease in RbAp48 is observed in the DG from human post-mortem tissue and also in mice. Furthermore, a gene knockin of a dominant negative form of RbAp48 of causes memory deficits in young mice similar to that observed in older mice. Using lentiviral gene transfer to increase the expression of RbAp48 in the brain reverses memory deficits in older mice.⁵

RBBP4 works at least in part through the PKA-CREB1-CPB pathway.⁶ Hence one possible therapeutic approach to restore age-related memory loss is the use of PKA-CREB1-CPB pathway stimulating drugs. It has previously been shown that dopamine D1/D5 agonists such as 6-Br-APB and SKF-38,393 that are positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase and the cAMP phosphodieserase inhibitor rolipram reduce memory defects in aged mice.⁷

Interactions

RBBP4 has been shown to interact with:

• BRCA1,⁸
• CREBBP,⁹
• GATAD2B,¹⁰
• HDAC1,^{1112131415161718192021}
• HDAC2,^22232425
• HDAC3,²⁶
• MTA2,²⁷²⁸
• RB,²⁹³⁰³¹
• SAP30,³²³³³⁴ and
• SIN3A.³⁵³⁶

Further reading

• "RBBP4 retinoblastoma binding protein 4 [Homo sapiens (human)]". Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Retrieved 2013-09-06.
• Bauw G, Rasmussen HH, van den Bulcke M, et al. (1990). "Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, protein electroblotting and microsequencing: a direct link between proteins and genes". Electrophoresis. 11 (7): 528–36. doi:10.1002/elps.1150110703. PMID 1699755. S2CID 24768114.
• Grozinger CM, Hassig CA, Schreiber SL (1999). "Three proteins define a class of human histone deacetylases related to yeast Hda1p". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (9): 4868–73. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.4868G. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.4868. PMC 21783. PMID 10220385.
• Hassig CA, Tong JK, Fleischer TC, et al. (1998). "A role for histone deacetylase activity in HDAC1-mediated transcriptional repression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (7): 3519–24. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.3519H. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3519. PMC 19868. PMID 9520398.
• Marheineke K, Krude T (1998). "Nucleosome assembly activity and intracellular localization of human CAF-1 changes during the cell division cycle". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (24): 15279–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.24.15279. PMID 9614144.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Qian YW, Lee EY (1995). "Dual retinoblastoma-binding proteins with properties related to a negative regulator of ras in yeast". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (43): 25507–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.43.25507. PMID 7503932.
• Rasmussen HH, van Damme J, Puype M, et al. (1993). "Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes". Electrophoresis. 13 (12): 960–9. doi:10.1002/elps.11501301199. PMID 1286667. S2CID 41855774.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Taunton J, Hassig CA, Schreiber SL (1996). "A mammalian histone deacetylase related to the yeast transcriptional regulator Rpd3p". Science. 272 (5260): 408–11. Bibcode:1996Sci...272..408T. doi:10.1126/science.272.5260.408. PMID 8602529. S2CID 25717734.
• Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, et al. (1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature. 395 (6705): 917–21. Bibcode:1998Natur.395..917T. doi:10.1038/27699. PMID 9804427. S2CID 4355885.
• Verreault A, Kaufman PD, Kobayashi R, Stillman B (1998). "Nucleosomal DNA regulates the core-histone-binding subunit of the human Hat1 acetyltransferase". Curr. Biol. 8 (2): 96–108. Bibcode:1998CBio....8...96V. doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70040-5. PMID 9427644. S2CID 201273.
• Verreault A, Kaufman PD, Kobayashi R, Stillman B (1996). "Nucleosome assembly by a complex of CAF-1 and acetylated histones H3/H4". Cell. 87 (1): 95–104. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81326-4. PMID 8858152. S2CID 1416453.
• Wolffe AP, Urnov FD, Guschin D (2001). "Co-repressor complexes and remodelling chromatin for repression". Biochem. Soc. Trans. 28 (4): 379–86. doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0280379. PMID 10961924.
• Yarden RI, Brody LC (1999). "BRCA1 interacts with components of the histone deacetylase complex". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (9): 4983–8. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.4983Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.4983. PMC 21803. PMID 10220405.
• Zhang Y, Ng HH, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. (1999). "Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation". Genes Dev. 13 (15): 1924–35. doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.1924. PMC 316920. PMID 10444591.
• Zhang Y, Iratni R, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. (1997). "Histone deacetylases and SAP18, a novel polypeptide, are components of a human Sin3 complex". Cell. 89 (3): 357–64. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80216-0. PMID 9150135.
• Zhang Y, Sun ZW, Iratni R, et al. (1998). "SAP30, a novel protein conserved between human and yeast, is a component of a histone deacetylase complex". Mol. Cell. 1 (7): 1021–31. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80102-1. PMID 9651585.
• Zhang Y, LeRoy G, Seelig HP, et al. (1998). "The dermatomyositis-specific autoantigen Mi2 is a component of a complex containing histone deacetylase and nucleosome remodeling activities". Cell. 95 (2): 279–89. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81758-4. PMID 9790534. S2CID 18786866.
• Zhang Y, Dufau ML (2003). "Dual mechanisms of regulation of transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor gene by nuclear orphan receptors and histone deacetylase complexes". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 85 (2–5): 401–14. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00230-9. PMID 12943729. S2CID 28512341.

References

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2. Barak O, Lazzaro MA, Lane WS, et al. (November 2003). "Isolation of human NURF: a regulator of Engrailed gene expression". EMBO J. 22 (22): 6089–100. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdg582. PMC 275440. PMID 14609955. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC275440 ↩

3. "Entrez Gene: RBBP4 retinoblastoma-binding protein 4". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5928 ↩

4. Pavlopoulos E, Jones S, Kosmidis S, et al. (August 2013). "Molecular Mechanism for Age-Related Memory Loss: The Histone-Binding Protein RbAp48". Sci Transl Med. 5 (200): 200ra115. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006373. PMC 4940031. PMID 23986399. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940031 ↩

5. Pavlopoulos E, Jones S, Kosmidis S, et al. (August 2013). "Molecular Mechanism for Age-Related Memory Loss: The Histone-Binding Protein RbAp48". Sci Transl Med. 5 (200): 200ra115. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006373. PMC 4940031. PMID 23986399. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940031 ↩

6. Pavlopoulos E, Jones S, Kosmidis S, et al. (August 2013). "Molecular Mechanism for Age-Related Memory Loss: The Histone-Binding Protein RbAp48". Sci Transl Med. 5 (200): 200ra115. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006373. PMC 4940031. PMID 23986399. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940031 ↩

7. Bach ME, Barad M, Son H, et al. (April 1999). "Age-related defects in spatial memory are correlated with defects in the late phase of hippocampal long-term potentiation in vitro and are attenuated by drugs that enhance the cAMP signaling pathway". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (9): 5280–5. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.5280B. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.5280. PMC 21855. PMID 10220457. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC21855 ↩

8. Yarden RI, Brody LC (1999). "BRCA1 interacts with components of the histone deacetylase complex". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (9): 4983–8. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.4983Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.4983. PMC 21803. PMID 10220405. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC21803 ↩

9. Zhang Q, Vo N, Goodman RH (2000). "Histone binding protein RbAp48 interacts with a complex of CREB binding protein and phosphorylated CREB". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (14): 4970–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.14.4970-4978.2000. PMC 85947. PMID 10866654. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC85947 ↩

10. Feng Q, Cao R, Xia L, et al. (2002). "Identification and functional characterization of the p66/p68 components of the MeCP1 complex". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (2): 536–46. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.2.536-546.2002. PMC 139742. PMID 11756549. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139742 ↩

11. Zhang Y, Dufau ML (2003). "Dual mechanisms of regulation of transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor gene by nuclear orphan receptors and histone deacetylase complexes". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 85 (2–5): 401–14. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00230-9. PMID 12943729. S2CID 28512341. https://zenodo.org/record/1260176 ↩

12. Yao YL, Yang WM (2003). "The metastasis-associated proteins 1 and 2 form distinct protein complexes with histone deacetylase activity". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (43): 42560–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302955200. PMID 12920132. https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M302955200 ↩

13. Nicolas E, Ait-Si-Ali S, Trouche D (2001). "The histone deacetylase HDAC3 targets RbAp48 to the retinoblastoma protein". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (15): 3131–6. doi:10.1093/nar/29.15.3131. PMC 55834. PMID 11470869. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC55834 ↩

14. Grozinger CM, Hassig CA, Schreiber SL (1999). "Three proteins define a class of human histone deacetylases related to yeast Hda1p". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96 (9): 4868–73. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96.4868G. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.9.4868. PMC 21783. PMID 10220385. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC21783 ↩

15. You A, Tong JK, Grozinger CM, et al. (2001). "CoREST is an integral component of the CoREST- human histone deacetylase complex". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98 (4): 1454–8. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.1454Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.4.1454. PMC 29278. PMID 11171972. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC29278 ↩

16. Hassig CA, Fleischer TC, Billin AN, et al. (1997). "Histone deacetylase activity is required for full transcriptional repression by mSin3A". Cell. 89 (3): 341–7. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80214-7. PMID 9150133. S2CID 14233219. https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980214-7 ↩

17. Ng HH, Zhang Y, Hendrich B, et al. (1999). "MBD2 is a transcriptional repressor belonging to the MeCP1 histone deacetylase complex". Nat. Genet. 23 (1): 58–61. doi:10.1038/12659. hdl:1842/684. PMID 10471499. S2CID 6147725. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩

18. Zhang Y, Ng HH, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. (1999). "Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation". Genes Dev. 13 (15): 1924–35. doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.1924. PMC 316920. PMID 10444591. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC316920 ↩

19. Zhang Y, Dufau ML (2002). "Silencing of transcription of the human luteinizing hormone receptor gene by histone deacetylase-mSin3A complex". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36): 33431–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204417200. PMID 12091390. https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M204417200 ↩

20. Hassig CA, Tong JK, Fleischer TC, et al. (1998). "A role for histone deacetylase activity in HDAC1-mediated transcriptional repression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 (7): 3519–24. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.3519H. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.7.3519. PMC 19868. PMID 9520398. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC19868 ↩

21. Zhang Y, Iratni R, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. (1997). "Histone deacetylases and SAP18, a novel polypeptide, are components of a human Sin3 complex". Cell. 89 (3): 357–64. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80216-0. PMID 9150135. https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980216-0 ↩

22. Zhang Y, Dufau ML (2003). "Dual mechanisms of regulation of transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor gene by nuclear orphan receptors and histone deacetylase complexes". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 85 (2–5): 401–14. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00230-9. PMID 12943729. S2CID 28512341. https://zenodo.org/record/1260176 ↩

23. Zhang Y, Dufau ML (2002). "Silencing of transcription of the human luteinizing hormone receptor gene by histone deacetylase-mSin3A complex". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36): 33431–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204417200. PMID 12091390. https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M204417200 ↩

24. Hakimi MA, Dong Y, Lane WS, et al. (2003). "A candidate X-linked mental retardation gene is a component of a new family of histone deacetylase-containing complexes". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (9): 7234–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M208992200. PMID 12493763. https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M208992200 ↩

25. Tong JK, Hassig CA, Schnitzler GR, et al. (1998). "Chromatin deacetylation by an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodelling complex". Nature. 395 (6705): 917–21. Bibcode:1998Natur.395..917T. doi:10.1038/27699. PMID 9804427. S2CID 4355885. /wiki/Bibcode_(identifier) ↩

26. Nicolas E, Ait-Si-Ali S, Trouche D (2001). "The histone deacetylase HDAC3 targets RbAp48 to the retinoblastoma protein". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (15): 3131–6. doi:10.1093/nar/29.15.3131. PMC 55834. PMID 11470869. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC55834 ↩

27. Yao YL, Yang WM (2003). "The metastasis-associated proteins 1 and 2 form distinct protein complexes with histone deacetylase activity". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (43): 42560–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M302955200. PMID 12920132. https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M302955200 ↩

28. Zhang Y, Ng HH, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. (1999). "Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation". Genes Dev. 13 (15): 1924–35. doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.1924. PMC 316920. PMID 10444591. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC316920 ↩

29. Nicolas E, Ait-Si-Ali S, Trouche D (2001). "The histone deacetylase HDAC3 targets RbAp48 to the retinoblastoma protein". Nucleic Acids Res. 29 (15): 3131–6. doi:10.1093/nar/29.15.3131. PMC 55834. PMID 11470869. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC55834 ↩

30. Qian YW, Lee EY (1995). "Dual retinoblastoma-binding proteins with properties related to a negative regulator of ras in yeast". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (43): 25507–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.43.25507. PMID 7503932. /wiki/Eva_Y.-H._P._Lee ↩

31. Nicolas E, Morales V, Magnaghi-Jaulin L, et al. (2000). "RbAp48 belongs to the histone deacetylase complex that associates with the retinoblastoma protein". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (13): 9797–804. doi:10.1074/jbc.275.13.9797. PMID 10734134. https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.275.13.9797 ↩

32. Zhang Y, Ng HH, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. (1999). "Analysis of the NuRD subunits reveals a histone deacetylase core complex and a connection with DNA methylation". Genes Dev. 13 (15): 1924–35. doi:10.1101/gad.13.15.1924. PMC 316920. PMID 10444591. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC316920 ↩

33. Zhang Y, Sun ZW, Iratni R, et al. (1998). "SAP30, a novel protein conserved between human and yeast, is a component of a histone deacetylase complex". Mol. Cell. 1 (7): 1021–31. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80102-1. PMID 9651585. https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1097-2765%2800%2980102-1 ↩

34. Kuzmichev A, Zhang Y, Erdjument-Bromage H, et al. (2002). "Role of the Sin3-histone deacetylase complex in growth regulation by the candidate tumor suppressor p33(ING1)". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (3): 835–48. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.3.835-848.2002. PMC 133546. PMID 11784859. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC133546 ↩

35. Hassig CA, Fleischer TC, Billin AN, et al. (1997). "Histone deacetylase activity is required for full transcriptional repression by mSin3A". Cell. 89 (3): 341–7. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80214-7. PMID 9150133. S2CID 14233219. https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980214-7 ↩

36. Zhang Y, Sun ZW, Iratni R, et al. (1998). "SAP30, a novel protein conserved between human and yeast, is a component of a histone deacetylase complex". Mol. Cell. 1 (7): 1021–31. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80102-1. PMID 9651585. https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1097-2765%2800%2980102-1 ↩