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Daphniphyllum majus
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<h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <p>The species is in section Lunata of <i>Daphniphyllum</i>, along with <i><a href="/facts/Daphniphyllum_calycinum/pxW3hqQr">D. calycinum</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Daphniphyllum_griffithianum/PecMJqmL">D. griffithianum</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p><p>This species has 4 accepted infraspecific varieties: </p> <ul><li><i>Daphniphyllum majus</i> var. <i>deciduum</i> T.C.Huang<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><i>Daphniphyllum majus</i> var. <i>majus</i></li> <li><i>Daphniphyllum majus</i> var. <i>phanrangense</i> (Gagnep.) T.C.Huang</li> <li><i>Daphniphyllum majus</i> var. <i>pierrei</i> (Hance) T.C.Huang</li></ul> <h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p><i>Daphniphyllum majus</i> grow from 2m to 10m tall.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Its grayish-brown branchlets are stout and densely covered in <a href="/facts/Lenticel/1Fp6TIRG">lenticels</a>. The leaf blade is green when dry, glaucous below, oblong-elliptic or obovate-oblong in shape, (16-)20-37 × 7-14 cm, apex acuminate, reticulate veins are prominent on both surfaces. Along with some others species of the genus, <i>D. majus</i> has loosely arranged conical to round <a href="/facts/Palisade_cell/xRr5GcX5">palisade cells</a> in its leaves.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> The species also has small (20 microns) irregular <a href="/facts/Epidermis_(botany)/ldKXCLRl">epidermal</a> guard cells on the adaxial ("top") side of the leaf and bigger (24 microns) dome-shaped epidermal/guard cells on the abaxial side along with leaf stomata that are <a href="/facts/Stomata/Rer9Nzct">hemiparacytic</a> (traits only shared with <i>D. calycinum</i>). The <a href="/facts/Calyx_(botany)/rFYnXN4d">calyx</a> is persistent, 2-3mm in size. The fruit 10-15 mm, not glaucous, loosely arranged. The plant flowers in China in March and April, fruiting from October to December. </p><p>Var. <i>pierrei</i> is a tall shrub, growing 1 to 6m tall.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="distribution">Distribution</h2> <p>The species overall is native to <a href="/facts/Thailand/GCUnN4JK">Thailand</a>, <a href="/facts/Cambodia/t1wJd6GU">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a>, southern <a href="/facts/Yunnan/Q924cyfE">Yunnan</a> (where it is found in <a href="/facts/Jinghong/3dzW7GbV">Jinghong</a>, <a href="/facts/Maguan_County/PEJ5sdlc">Maguan</a>, <a href="/facts/Malipo_County/pCMCAySp">Malipo</a>, <a href="/facts/Menghai_County/rBCktlq3">Menghai</a>, and <a href="/facts/Pingbian_Miao_Autonomous_County/Gm9NCPeg">Pingbian</a> counties and <a href="/facts/Simao_District/ddjzkB8C">Simao District</a>), <a href="/facts/Laos/S0afugjX">Laos</a> and <a href="/facts/Myanmar/zcqQH2oE">Myanmar</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> Var. <i>deciduum</i> is endemic to Cambodia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The nominate variety, var. <i>majus</i>, is found in Thailand, Myanmar and Yunnan.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Var. <i>phanrangense</i> is endemic to Vietnam.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos are the native regions for the var. <i>pierrei</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="habitat">Habitat</h2> <p>In China, <i>D. majus</i> is found in forest at between 1100 and 1500m elevation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Var. <i>pierrei</i> is found in coastal forests.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="vernacular-names">Vernacular names</h2> <p><i>Daphniphyllum majus</i> is known as 大叶虎皮楠 <i>da ye hu pi nan</i> in China.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Var. <i>pierrei</i> is known as <i>rum dé:nh</i> or <i>châmbâk pra:ng</i> in <a href="/facts/Khmer_language/RVR7NyzQ">Khmer</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="uses">Uses</h2> <p>The dried leaves of var. <i>pierrei</i> are smoked (as in tobacco) in Cambodia. The wood is excellent firewood.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Tang, M.-S.; Yang, Y.-P.; Sheue, C.-R. (2009). "Comparative morphology on leaves of Daphniphyllum (Daphniphyllaceae)". Blumea. 54: 63–8. doi:10.3767/000651909X474104. <a href="http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524761" target="_blank">http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524761</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Daphniphyllum majus Müll.Arg". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Science. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:344243-1" target="_blank">http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:344243-1</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"8. Daphniphyllum majus Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea. 34: 76. 1865". Flora of China. 11: 315, 317. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250084074" target="_blank">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250084074</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"1. Daphniphyllum Blume, Bijdr. 13: 1152. 1826". Flora of China. 11: 315. Retrieved 10 May 2020. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=109299" target="_blank">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=109299</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Tang, M.-S.; Yang, Y.-P.; Sheue, C.-R. (2009). "Comparative morphology on leaves of Daphniphyllum (Daphniphyllaceae)". Blumea. 54: 63–8. doi:10.3767/000651909X474104. <a href="http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524761" target="_blank">http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524761</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. pp. 14, 15. <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Dy_Phon" target="_blank">/wiki/Pauline_Dy_Phon</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Daphniphyllum majus Müll.Arg". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Science. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:344243-1" target="_blank">http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:344243-1</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Daphniphyllum majus var. deciduum T.C.Huang". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Science. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77189680-1" target="_blank">http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77189680-1</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"8. Daphniphyllum majus Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea. 34: 76. 1865". Flora of China. 11: 315, 317. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250084074" target="_blank">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250084074</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>"Daphniphyllum majus var. majus". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Science. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77168104-1" target="_blank">http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77168104-1</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Daphniphyllum majus var. phanrangense (Gagnep.) T.C.Huang". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Science. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77189633-1" target="_blank">http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77189633-1</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Daphniphyllum majus var. pierrei (Hance) T.C.Huang". Plants of the World Online (POWO). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Science. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77189635-1" target="_blank">http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77189635-1</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"8. Daphniphyllum majus Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea. 34: 76. 1865". Flora of China. 11: 315, 317. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250084074" target="_blank">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250084074</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. pp. 14, 15. <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Dy_Phon" target="_blank">/wiki/Pauline_Dy_Phon</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"8. Daphniphyllum majus Müller Argoviensis, Linnaea. 34: 76. 1865". Flora of China. 11: 315, 317. Retrieved 9 May 2020. <a href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250084074" target="_blank">http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=250084074</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. pp. 14, 15. <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Dy_Phon" target="_blank">/wiki/Pauline_Dy_Phon</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Pauline Dy Phon (2000). Plants Utilised In Cambodia/Plantes utilisées au Cambodge. Phnom Penh: Imprimerie Olympic. pp. 14, 15. <a href="/wiki/Pauline_Dy_Phon" target="_blank">/wiki/Pauline_Dy_Phon</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>