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Puck (moon)
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<h2 id="discovery-and-naming">Discovery and naming</h2> <p>Puck—the largest <a href="/facts/Inner_moon/NpF3nbmN">inner moon</a> of Uranus—was discovered from the images taken by <i><a href="/facts/Voyager_2/9FAEaHUr">Voyager 2</a></i> on 30 December 1985. It was given the temporary designation S/1985 U 1.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>The moon was later named after the character <a href="/facts/Puck_(A_Midsummer_Night%2527s_Dream)/RJNXIFGu">Puck</a> who appears in Shakespeare's <i><a href="/facts/A_Midsummer_Night%2527s_Dream/cKoRe3Uf">A Midsummer Night's Dream</a></i>, a little <a href="/facts/Sprite_(folklore)/gdLTc0lk">sprite</a> who travels around the globe at night with the <a href="/facts/Fairy/P5ca3mNx">fairies</a>. In <a href="/facts/Celtic_mythology/jP7VnaSX">Celtic mythology</a> and English folklore, a <i><a href="/facts/Puck_(mythology)/t3WA8I30">Puck</a></i> is a mischievous sprite, imagined as an evil demon by Christians. </p><p>It is also designated Uranus XV.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="physical-characteristics">Physical characteristics</h2> <p>Puck is the largest <a href="/facts/Inner_moon/NpF3nbmN">inner moon</a> of Uranus, orbiting inside the orbit of Miranda. It is intermediate in size between <a href="/facts/Portia_(moon)/uBnAdrww">Portia</a> (the second-largest inner moon) and <a href="/facts/Miranda_(moon)/ILmQCtMM">Miranda</a> (the smallest of the <a href="/facts/Moons_of_Uranus/evfGRq7F">five major moons</a>). Puck's orbit is located between the <a href="/facts/Rings_of_Uranus/FD7jxp9j">rings of Uranus</a> and Miranda. Little is known about Puck aside from its orbit,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> radius of about 81 km,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> and geometric <a href="/facts/Albedo/TJDRdKEB">albedo</a> in <a href="/facts/Visible_light/jeofpMn4">visible light</a> of approximately 0.11.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>Of the moons discovered by the <i>Voyager 2</i> imaging team, only Puck was discovered early enough that the probe could be programmed to image it in some detail.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Images showed that Puck has a shape of a slightly <a href="/facts/Prolate/GJyyLxQ7">prolate</a> <a href="/facts/Spheroid/GJyyLxQ7">spheroid</a> (ratio between axes is 0.93–1).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Its surface is heavily <a href="/facts/Impact_crater/nWntooh4">cratered</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> and is grey in color.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> There are three named craters on the surface of Puck, the largest being about 45 km in diameter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Observations with the <a href="/facts/Hubble_Space_Telescope/NQeIf0vw">Hubble Space Telescope</a> and large terrestrial telescopes found water-ice absorption features in the spectrum of Puck.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p><p>Little is known about the internal structure of Puck. It is probably made of a mixture of <a href="/facts/Ice/BGvkKFjD">water ice</a>, and may have been collisionally disrupted and reaccreted as a <a href="/facts/Rubble_pile/qtf6BfEK">rubble pile</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> The presence of a 3.0 deep 3.0 micron feature attributed to the <a href="/facts/Hydroxy_group/1Hs2QAEv">O-H</a> stretching mode suggests that water ice or hydrated minerals are a common component on Puck's surface.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Its surface is coated with a dark material similar to that found in the main rings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> The dark material is probably made of <a href="/facts/Rock_(geology)/FXCJkmop">rocks</a> or <a href="/facts/Radiation/RwMocyeq">radiation</a>-processed <a href="/facts/Organic_compound/gqCNaN45">organics</a>; it is possible that material spiralling inwards from Uranus's μ ring coats Puck's leading hemisphere as well.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> Puck, as well as the other inner satellites of Uranus, is darker than the average inner <a href="/facts/Neptunian_satellites/rIkJDbzz">Neptunian satellite</a>, which could be either due to a higher level of solar irradiation at Uranus as opposed to <a href="/facts/Neptune/1eucwHIC">Neptune</a>, or a distinct composition.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> The absence of craters with bright rays implies that Puck is not differentiated, meaning that ice and non-ice components have not separated from each other into a <a href="/facts/Core_(geology)/LyQ7DbAl">core</a> and <a href="/facts/Mantle_(geology)/RpDdtjCr">mantle</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p> <h3>Named features</h3><p> Puck has three craters named Bogle, Butz, and Lob, which are named after mischievous spirits from Scottish, German, and British folklore respectively. Details about these craters are currently unknown.</p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Crater</th><th>Coordinates</th><th>Diameter (km)</th><th>Approval date</th><th>Named after</th><th>Ref</th></tr><tr><td>Bogle</td><td>—</td><td>~47 km<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td>1988</td><td><a href="/facts/Bogle/nIukyIDD">Bogle</a> (<a href="/facts/Celtic_mythology/jP7VnaSX">Celtic</a>)</td><td><a href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6953">WGPSN</a></td></tr><tr><td>Butz</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>1988</td><td><a href="/facts/Puck_(mythology)/t3WA8I30">Butz</a> (<a href="/facts/German_folklore/5dIDItVQ">German</a>)</td><td><a href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6954">WGPSN</a></td></tr><tr><td>Lob</td><td>—</td><td>—</td><td>1988</td><td><a href="/facts/Lubber_fiend/mqraVXJW">Lob</a> (<a href="/facts/English_folklore/npMR7JBj">English</a>)</td><td><a href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/6955">WGPSN</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Moons_of_Uranus/evfGRq7F">Moons of Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rings_of_Uranus/FD7jxp9j">Rings of Uranus</a></li></ul> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h3>Citations</h3> <h3>Sources</h3> <ul><li>Jacobson, R. A. (1998). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F300263">"The Orbits of the Inner Uranian Satellites From Hubble Space Telescope and Voyager 2 Observations"</a>. <i>The Astronomical Journal</i>. 115 (3): 1195–1199. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998AJ....115.1195J">1998AJ....115.1195J</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F300263">10.1086/300263</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Erich_Karkoschka/83zwbrno">Karkoschka, Erich</a> (2001). "Voyager's Eleventh Discovery of a Satellite of Uranus and Photometry and the First Size Measurements of Nine Satellites". <i>Icarus</i>. 151 (1): 69–77. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...69K">2001Icar..151...69K</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.2001.6597">10.1006/icar.2001.6597</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Erich_Karkoschka/83zwbrno">Karkoschka, Erich</a> (2001). "Comprehensive Photometry of the Rings and 16 Satellites of Uranus with the Hubble Space Telescope". <i>Icarus</i>. 151 (1): 51–68. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...51K">2001Icar..151...51K</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.2001.6596">10.1006/icar.2001.6596</a>.</li> <li>Thomas, P.; Veverka, J.; Johnson, T.V.; Brown, Robert Hamilton (1987). "Voyager observations of 1985U1". <i>Icarus</i>. 72 (1): 79–83. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987Icar...72...79T">1987Icar...72...79T</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0019-1035%2887%2990121-7">10.1016/0019-1035(87)90121-7</a>.</li> <li>Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Beebe, A.; Bliss, D.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A.; Briggs, G. A.; Brown, R. H.; Collins, S. A. (4 July 1986). <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/1230972">"Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results"</a>. <i>Science</i>. 233 (4759): 43–64. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986Sci...233...43S">1986Sci...233...43S</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.233.4759.43">10.1126/science.233.4759.43</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17812889">17812889</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:5895824">5895824</a>.</li> <li>Dumas, Christophe; Smith, Bradford A.; Terrile, Richard J. (2003). "Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Multiband Photometry of Proteus and Puck". <i><a href="/facts/The_Astronomical_Journal/vH6a7o0U">The Astronomical Journal</a></i>. 126 (2): 1080–1085. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AJ....126.1080D">2003AJ....126.1080D</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F375909">10.1086/375909</a>.</li> <li>Marsden, Brian G. (January 16, 1986). <a href="http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/04100/04159.html#Item1">"Satellites of Uranus and Neptune"</a>. <i>IAU Circular</i> (4159). Retrieved 2012-01-24.</li> <li><a href="/facts/USGS/nVaGtMjl">USGS</a>/<a href="/facts/IAU/GMFPImXo">IAU</a> (July 21, 2006). <a href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Planets#UranianSystem">"Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers"</a>. <i>Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature</i>. USGS Astrogeology. Retrieved 2012-01-24.</li> <li>French, Richard G.; Hedman, Matthew M.; Nicholson, Philip D.; Longaretti, Pierre-Yves; McGhee-French, Colleen A. (2024-03-15). <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0019103524000150">"The Uranus system from occultation observations (1977–2006): Rings, pole direction, gravity field, and masses of Cressida, Cordelia, and Ophelia"</a>. <i>Icarus</i>. 411: 115957. <a href="/facts/ArXiv_(identifier)/H6EtgnBe">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.04634">2401.04634</a>. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024Icar..41115957F">2024Icar..41115957F</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2024.115957">10.1016/j.icarus.2024.115957</a>. <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0019-1035">0019-1035</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Cartwright, Richard J.; Beddingfield, Chloe B.; Nordheim, Tom A.; et al. (June 2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fabfe12">"The Science Case for Spacecraft Exploration of the Uranian Satellites: Candidate Ocean Worlds in an Ice Giant System"</a>. <i>The Planetary Society Journal</i>. 2 (3): 120. <a href="/facts/ArXiv_(identifier)/H6EtgnBe">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.01164">2105.01164</a>. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021PSJ.....2..120C">2021PSJ.....2..120C</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fabfe12">10.3847/PSJ/abfe12</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Puck (moon). <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071004223151/http://www.strykfoto.org/outericymoons/icymoons.htm">Page that includes a reprocessed version of the <i>Voyager 2</i> Puck image</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Smith Soderblom et al. 1986. - Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Beebe, A.; Bliss, D.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A.; Briggs, G. A.; Brown, R. H.; Collins, S. A. (4 July 1986). "Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results". Science. 233 (4759): 43–64. Bibcode:1986Sci...233...43S. doi:10.1126/science.233.4759.43. PMID 17812889. S2CID 5895824. <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/1230972" target="_blank">https://zenodo.org/record/1230972</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Karkoschka, Voyager 2001. - Karkoschka, Erich (2001). "Voyager's Eleventh Discovery of a Satellite of Uranus and Photometry and the First Size Measurements of Nine Satellites". Icarus. 151 (1): 69–77. Bibcode:2001Icar..151...69K. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6597. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...69K" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...69K</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Dumas Smith et al. 2003. - Dumas, Christophe; Smith, Bradford A.; Terrile, Richard J. (2003). "Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Multiband Photometry of Proteus and Puck". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (2): 1080–1085. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.1080D. doi:10.1086/375909. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AJ....126.1080D" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AJ....126.1080D</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>IAUC 4159. - Marsden, Brian G. (January 16, 1986). "Satellites of Uranus and Neptune". IAU Circular (4159). Retrieved 2012-01-24. <a href="http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/04100/04159.html#Item1" target="_blank">http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/04100/04159.html#Item1</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>USGS: Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers. - USGS/IAU (July 21, 2006). "Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers". Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS Astrogeology. Retrieved 2012-01-24. <a href="https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Planets#UranianSystem" target="_blank">https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Planets#UranianSystem</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Jacobson 1998. - Jacobson, R. A. (1998). "The Orbits of the Inner Uranian Satellites From Hubble Space Telescope and Voyager 2 Observations". The Astronomical Journal. 115 (3): 1195–1199. Bibcode:1998AJ....115.1195J. doi:10.1086/300263. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F300263" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1086%2F300263</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Karkoschka, Voyager 2001. - Karkoschka, Erich (2001). "Voyager's Eleventh Discovery of a Satellite of Uranus and Photometry and the First Size Measurements of Nine Satellites". Icarus. 151 (1): 69–77. Bibcode:2001Icar..151...69K. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6597. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...69K" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...69K</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Karkoschka, Hubble 2001. - Karkoschka, Erich (2001). "Comprehensive Photometry of the Rings and 16 Satellites of Uranus with the Hubble Space Telescope". Icarus. 151 (1): 51–68. Bibcode:2001Icar..151...51K. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6596. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...51K" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...51K</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Smith Soderblom et al. 1986. - Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Beebe, A.; Bliss, D.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A.; Briggs, G. A.; Brown, R. H.; Collins, S. A. (4 July 1986). "Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results". Science. 233 (4759): 43–64. Bibcode:1986Sci...233...43S. doi:10.1126/science.233.4759.43. PMID 17812889. S2CID 5895824. <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/1230972" target="_blank">https://zenodo.org/record/1230972</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Karkoschka, Voyager 2001. - Karkoschka, Erich (2001). "Voyager's Eleventh Discovery of a Satellite of Uranus and Photometry and the First Size Measurements of Nine Satellites". Icarus. 151 (1): 69–77. Bibcode:2001Icar..151...69K. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6597. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...69K" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...69K</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Thomas Veverka et al. 1987. - Thomas, P.; Veverka, J.; Johnson, T.V.; Brown, Robert Hamilton (1987). "Voyager observations of 1985U1". Icarus. 72 (1): 79–83. Bibcode:1987Icar...72...79T. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90121-7. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987Icar...72...79T" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987Icar...72...79T</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Karkoschka, Voyager 2001. - Karkoschka, Erich (2001). "Voyager's Eleventh Discovery of a Satellite of Uranus and Photometry and the First Size Measurements of Nine Satellites". Icarus. 151 (1): 69–77. Bibcode:2001Icar..151...69K. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6597. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...69K" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...69K</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Smith Soderblom et al. 1986. - Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Beebe, A.; Bliss, D.; Boyce, J. M.; Brahic, A.; Briggs, G. A.; Brown, R. H.; Collins, S. A. (4 July 1986). "Voyager 2 in the Uranian System: Imaging Science Results". Science. 233 (4759): 43–64. Bibcode:1986Sci...233...43S. doi:10.1126/science.233.4759.43. PMID 17812889. S2CID 5895824. <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/1230972" target="_blank">https://zenodo.org/record/1230972</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Karkoschka, Hubble 2001. - Karkoschka, Erich (2001). "Comprehensive Photometry of the Rings and 16 Satellites of Uranus with the Hubble Space Telescope". Icarus. 151 (1): 51–68. Bibcode:2001Icar..151...51K. doi:10.1006/icar.2001.6596. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...51K" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Icar..151...51K</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Dumas Smith et al. 2003. - Dumas, Christophe; Smith, Bradford A.; Terrile, Richard J. (2003). "Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS Multiband Photometry of Proteus and Puck". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (2): 1080–1085. Bibcode:2003AJ....126.1080D. doi:10.1086/375909. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AJ....126.1080D" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AJ....126.1080D</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Cartwright, Beddingfield & Nordheim 2021. - Cartwright, Richard J.; Beddingfield, Chloe B.; Nordheim, Tom A.; et al. (June 2021). "The Science Case for Spacecraft Exploration of the Uranian Satellites: Candidate Ocean Worlds in an Ice Giant System". The Planetary Society Journal. 2 (3): 120. arXiv:2105.01164. Bibcode:2021PSJ.....2..120C. doi:10.3847/PSJ/abfe12. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fabfe12" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fabfe12</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Belyakov, Matthew; Davis, M. Ryleigh; Milby, Zachariah; Wong, Ian; Brown, Michael E. (2024-05-01). "JWST Spectrophotometry of the Small Satellites of Uranus and Neptune". The Planetary Science Journal. 5 (5): 119. arXiv:2404.06660. Bibcode:2024PSJ.....5..119B. doi:10.3847/PSJ/ad3d55. ISSN 2632-3338. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fad3d55" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fad3d55</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Dumas Smith et al. 2003. - Dumas, Christophe; Smith, Bradford A.; Terrile, Richard J. 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