Pfizer

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

<h3>1849–1950: Early history</h3>
Pfizer was founded in 1849 as "Charles Pfizer & Company" by <a href="/facts/Charles_Pfizer/C9quoVtD">Charles Pfizer</a> and <a href="/facts/Charles_F._Erhart/ESSVlGQW">Charles F. Erhart</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> two cousins who had immigrated to the United States from <a href="/facts/Ludwigsburg/HTUWG2fx">Ludwigsburg</a>, Germany. The business produced chemical compounds, and was headquartered on Bartlett Street<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> in <a href="/facts/Williamsburg%2c_Brooklyn/sUnnPV54">Williamsburg, Brooklyn</a>, where they produced an <a href="/facts/Antiparasitic/pbd16HMn">antiparasitic</a> called <a href="/facts/Santonin/nJEMSqzb">santonin</a>. This was an immediate success, although it was production of <a href="/facts/Citric_acid/EgKGQBdl">citric acid</a> that led to Pfizer's growth in the 1880s. Pfizer continued to buy property in the area (by now the Williamsburg district of the city of <a href="/facts/Brooklyn%2c_New_York/UnUzxCFe">Brooklyn, New York</a> and beginning in 1898, the <a href="/facts/City_of_Greater_New_York/cAI6PCJK">City of Greater New York</a>) to expand its lab and factory, retaining offices on Flushing Avenue until the 1960s; the Brooklyn plant ultimately closed in 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> Following their success with citric acid, Pfizer (at the now-demolished 295 Washington Avenue) and Erhart (at 280 Washington Avenue) established their main residences in the nearby <a href="/facts/Clinton_Hill%2c_Brooklyn/Pg2tyTjk">Clinton Hill</a> district, known for its concentration of <a href="/facts/Gilded_Age/DFnIodSc">Gilded Age</a> wealth.
In 1881, Pfizer moved its administrative headquarters to 81 Maiden Lane in <a href="/facts/Manhattan/fF9JeXjh">Manhattan</a>, presaging the company's expansion to <a href="/facts/Chicago/yPMokrXH">Chicago</a>, Illinois, a year later.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> By 1906 sales exceeded $3 million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>
<a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a> caused a shortage of <a href="/facts/Calcium_citrate/CCklQEor">calcium citrate</a>. Pfizer imported the compound from Italy for the manufacture of citric acid, and due to the disruption in supply, the company began a search for an alternative.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> They found this in the form of a <a href="/facts/Fungus/BHo5DP59">fungus</a> capable of fermenting sugar to citric acid. By 1919, the company was able to commercialize production of citric acid from this source.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> The company developed expertise in fermentation technology as a result. These skills were applied to the <a href="/facts/History_of_penicillin/wysjS9Ch">deep-submergence mass production</a> of <a href="/facts/Penicillin/Abo8VQ3p">penicillin</a>, an <a href="/facts/Antibiotic/sF1kIfxg">antibiotic</a>, during <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a> in response to the need to treat injured Allied soldiers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> The company also embarked on a global <a href="/facts/Soil/5Ddpr3QM">soil</a> collection program related to improving production yields of penicillin which ultimately resulted in 135,000 samples.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>
On June 2, 1942, the company incorporated under the <a href="/facts/Delaware_General_Corporation_Law/MxqqcwGv">Delaware General Corporation Law</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>

<h3>1950–1980: Pivot to pharmaceutical research and global expansion</h3>
Due to price declines for <a href="/facts/Penicillin/Abo8VQ3p">penicillin</a>, Pfizer searched for new antibiotics with greater profit potential. Pfizer discovered <a href="/facts/Oxytetracycline/sd5PF715">oxytetracycline</a> in 1950, and this changed the company from a manufacturer of <a href="/facts/Fine_chemical/TuwYNbpp">fine chemicals</a> to a research-based pharmaceutical company. Pfizer developed a <a href="/facts/Drug_discovery/LLdDNvjy">drug discovery</a> program focused on in vitro synthesis to augment its research in fermentation technology. In 1959, the company established an <a href="/facts/Animal_health/KYNaodgl">animal health</a> division with a 700-acre (2.8 km2) farm and research facility in <a href="/facts/Terre_Haute%2c_Indiana/gG4MdnU4">Terre Haute, Indiana</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>
By the 1950s, Pfizer had established offices in Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, and the United Kingdom. In 1960, the company moved its medical research laboratory operations out of New York City to a new facility in Groton, Connecticut. In 1980, Pfizer launched Feldene (<a href="/facts/Piroxicam/hXct8P0e">piroxicam</a>), a prescription anti-inflammatory medication that became Pfizer's first product to reach $1 billion in revenue.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>
In 1965, John Powers, Jr. became <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officer/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officer</a> of the company, succeeding John McKeen.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>
As the area surrounding its Brooklyn, NY plant fell into decline in the 1970s and 1980s, the company formed a public-private partnership with New York City that encompassed the construction of low- and middle-income housing, the refurbishment of apartment buildings for the homeless and the establishment of a <a href="/facts/Charter_school/mvttNkwB">charter school</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a>
In 1972, <a href="/facts/Edmund_T._Pratt_Jr./k3awy2Ap">Edmund T. Pratt Jr.</a> became <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officer/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officer</a> of the company, succeeding John Powers, Jr.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>

<h3>1980–2000: Development of Viagra, Zoloft, and Lipitor</h3>
In 1981, the company received approval for Diflucan (<a href="/facts/Fluconazole/UYpk9mKl">fluconazole</a>), the first oral treatment for severe <a href="/facts/Fungal_infection/YVK551qC">fungal infections</a> including <a href="/facts/Candidiasis/gklGEfuq">candidiasis</a>, <a href="/facts/Blastomycosis/8jDvC5eK">blastomycosis</a>, <a href="/facts/Coccidiodomycosis/WBBD9nMk">coccidiodomycosis</a>, <a href="/facts/Cryptococcosis/H8gpKmPA">cryptococcosis</a>, <a href="/facts/Histoplasmosis/FfMdb5m8">histoplasmosis</a>, <a href="/facts/Dermatophytosis/hFyb8T6n">dermatophytosis</a>, and <a href="/facts/Pityriasis_versicolor/y4wzgMrl">pityriasis versicolor</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>
In 1986, Pfizer acquired the worldwide rights to Zithromax (<a href="/facts/Azithromycin/8CAbVtsz">azithromycin</a>), a macrolide antibiotic that is recommended by the <a href="/facts/Infectious_Disease_Society_of_America/CjcsK7su">Infectious Disease Society of America</a> as a first line treatment for certain cases of community-acquired pneumonia, from <a href="/facts/Pliva/xTK2Vb8U">Pliva</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>
In 1989, Pfizer scientists Peter Dunn and Albert Wood created Viagra (<a href="/facts/Sildenafil/2NHe0pwM">sildenafil</a>) for treating <a href="/facts/High_blood_pressure/wlAvBfcf">high blood pressure</a> and <a href="/facts/Angina/rT1brdwS">angina</a>, a chest pain associated with <a href="/facts/Coronary_artery_disease/szCt0nVx">coronary artery disease</a>. In 1991, it was patented in the United Kingdom as a heart medication. Early trials for the medication showed that it did not work for the treatment of heart disease, but volunteers in the clinical trials had increased <a href="/facts/Erection/4vSHr1tU">erections</a> several days after taking the drug. It was patented in the United States in 1996 and received approval by the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> in March 1998. In December 1998, Pfizer hired <a href="/facts/Bob_Dole/aEGlx9vj">Bob Dole</a> as a spokesperson for the drug.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a> The patents for Viagra expired in 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>
In 1991, <a href="/facts/William_C._Steere%2c_Jr./Vg7hrTSr">William C. Steere, Jr.</a> became <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officers/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officers</a> of the company, succeeding <a href="/facts/Edmund_T._Pratt_Jr./k3awy2Ap">Edmund T. Pratt Jr.</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>
In 1991 Pfizer also began marketing Zoloft (<a href="/facts/Sertraline/SBk6L0Jr">sertraline</a>), an <a href="/facts/Antidepressant/N62ND3Fa">antidepressant</a> of the <a href="/facts/Selective_serotonin_reuptake_inhibitor/L6jjcmEH">selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor</a> (SSRI) class developed nine years earlier by Pfizer chemists <a href="/facts/Kenneth_Koe/NBfqvqkh">Kenneth Koe</a> and Willard Welch. Sertraline is primarily prescribed for <a href="/facts/Major_depressive_disorder/l2lQeWqr">major depressive disorder</a> in adult <a href="/facts/Outpatients/b0SWyyVD">outpatients</a> as well as <a href="/facts/Obsessive-compulsive_disorder/bIhDh4dz">obsessive-compulsive disorder</a>, <a href="/facts/Panic_disorder/jRfhx14r">panic disorder</a>, and <a href="/facts/Social_anxiety_disorder/25XIzJ0o">social anxiety disorder</a> in both adults and children. In 2005, the year before it became a generic drug, sales were over $3 billion and over 100 million people had been treated with the drug.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> The patent for Zoloft expired in the summer of 2006.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a>
In 1996, <a href="/facts/Eisai_(company)/0Jdj4JJI">Eisai</a>, in partnership with Pfizer, received <a href="/facts/Approved_drug/1AgqCVCh">approval</a> from the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> for <a href="/facts/Donepezil/kmCkGdVx">donepezil</a> under the brand Aricept for treatment of <a href="/facts/Alzheimer%2527s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">Alzheimer's disease</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> Pfizer also received approval for Norvasc (<a href="/facts/Amlodipine/vTR2cPqe">amlodipine</a>), an <a href="/facts/Antihypertensive/K63MbxN0">antihypertensive</a> drug of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker class.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>

In 1997, the company entered into a co-marketing agreement with <a href="/facts/Warner%25E2%2580%2593Lambert/8KTc5lAH">Warner–Lambert</a> for Lipitor (<a href="/facts/Atorvastatin/2eJ0m0lz">atorvastatin</a>), a <a href="/facts/Statin/ba4mes9W">statin</a> for the treatment of <a href="/facts/Hypercholesterolemia/UlIDdQuT">hypercholesterolemia</a>. Although atorvastatin was the fifth <a href="/facts/Statin/ba4mes9W">statin</a> to be developed, clinical trials showed that atorvastatin caused a more dramatic reduction in <a href="/facts/Low-density_lipoprotein/R5VLPxAg">low-density lipoprotein</a> pattern C (LDL-C) than the other statin drugs. Upon its patent expiration in 2011, Lipitor was the best-selling drug ever, with approximately $125 billion in sales over 14.5 years.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a>

<h3>2000–2010: Further expansion</h3>
In 2001, <a href="/facts/Henry_McKinnell/AKnRweQD">Henry McKinnell</a> became <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officer/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officer</a> of the company, replacing <a href="/facts/William_C._Steere%2c_Jr./Vg7hrTSr">William C. Steere, Jr.</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>
In 2002, The <a href="/facts/Bill_%2526_Melinda_Gates_Foundation/IW7prjCH">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> purchased stock in Pfizer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
In 2004, the company received approval for Lyrica (<a href="/facts/Pregabalin/JD1gRfTl">pregabalin</a>), an <a href="/facts/Anticonvulsant/uR8cxJbj">anticonvulsant</a> and <a href="/facts/Anxiolytic/uEWpGca9">anxiolytic</a> medication used to treat <a href="/facts/Epilepsy/wawyp56a">epilepsy</a>, <a href="/facts/Neuropathic_pain/PAGm7Vhd">neuropathic pain</a>, <a href="/facts/Fibromyalgia/aNSBfaJJ">fibromyalgia</a>, <a href="/facts/Restless_leg_syndrome/XNn8sPDN">restless leg syndrome</a>, and <a href="/facts/Generalized_anxiety_disorder/FJRBB4fM">generalized anxiety disorder</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> The United States patent on Lyrica was challenged by generic manufacturers and was upheld in 2014, extending the expiration date to 2018.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>
In July 2006, <a href="/facts/Jeff_Kindler/M1d60flK">Jeff Kindler</a> was named <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officer/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officer</a> of the company, replacing <a href="/facts/Henry_McKinnell/AKnRweQD">Henry McKinnell</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a>
On December 3, 2006, Pfizer ceased development of <a href="/facts/Torcetrapib/ho2bPMWp">torcetrapib</a>, a drug that increases production of <a href="/facts/High_density_lipoprotein/x7cs1ys9">HDL</a>, which reduces <a href="/facts/Low_density_lipoprotein/R5VLPxAg">LDL</a> thought to be correlated to heart disease. During a <a href="/facts/Phase_III_clinical_trial/o8hEodVu">Phase III clinical trial</a> involving 15,000 patients, more deaths than expected occurred in the group that took the medicine, and the <a href="/facts/Mortality_rate/s4gmxyFV">mortality rate</a> of patients taking the combination of torcetrapib and Lipitor (82 deaths during the study) was 60% higher than those taking Lipitor alone (52 deaths during the study). Lipitor alone was not implicated in the results, but Pfizer lost nearly $1 billion developing the failed drug and its stock price dropped 11% on the day of the announcement.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a>
Between 2007 and 2010, Pfizer spent $3.3 million on investigations and legal fees and recovered about $5.1 million, and had another $5 million of pending recoveries from civil lawsuits against makers of <a href="/facts/Counterfeit/MaYRLckY">counterfeit</a> prescription drugs. Pfizer has hired customs and narcotics experts worldwide to track down fakes and assemble evidence that can be used to pursue civil suits for <a href="/facts/Trademark_infringement/G77TxQ0e">trademark infringement</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a>
In July 2008, Pfizer announced 275 job cuts at its manufacturing facility in <a href="/facts/Portage%2c_Michigan/MJB8wCge">Portage, Michigan</a>. Portage was previously the world headquarters of <a href="/facts/Upjohn_Company/CGST9bCw">Upjohn Company</a>, which had been acquired as part of Pharmacia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>

<h4>Acquisitions and mergers</h4>
In June 2000, Pfizer acquired Warner-Lambert outright for $116 billion. To satisfy conditions imposed by antitrust regulators at the <a href="/facts/Federal_Trade_Commission/Hkz0PwF9">Federal Trade Commission</a>, Pfizer sold off or transferred stakes in several minor products, including RID (a shampoo for treatment of <a href="/facts/Head_lice_infestation/2fH0T2CC">head lice</a>, sold to <a href="/facts/Bayer/fnYepBcG">Bayer</a>) and Warner-Lambert's antidepressant <a href="/facts/Celexa/qepx3XJy">Celexa</a> (which competes with Zoloft).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> The acquisition created what was, at the time, the second-largest pharmaceutical company worldwide.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a>
In 2003, Pfizer merged with <a href="/facts/Pharmacia/wccB2D1R">Pharmacia</a>, and in the process acquired <a href="/facts/G.D._Searle%2c_LLC/6HXTxY32">Searle</a> and <a href="/facts/SUGEN/99t500wb">SUGEN</a>. Searle had developed Flagyl (<a href="/facts/Metronidazole/pY5K5twk">metronidazole</a>), a <a href="/facts/Nitroimidazole/EhhbAjNj">nitroimidazole</a> antibiotic medication used particularly for <a href="/facts/Anaerobe/bhQnlqCq">anaerobic</a> <a href="/facts/Bacterium/wC8xSCsU">bacteria</a> and <a href="/facts/Protozoa/JczTf25H">protozoa</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> Searle also developed <a href="/facts/Celecoxib/DqbVQYSs">celecoxib</a> (Celebrex) a <a href="/facts/COX-2_inhibitor/UpxLSTyN">COX-2 inhibitor</a> and <a href="/facts/Nonsteroidal_anti-inflammatory_drug/coIkzl4s">nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug</a> (NSAID) used to treat the <a href="/facts/Pain/70E79oUn">pain</a> and <a href="/facts/Inflammation/Ura86MIy">inflammation</a> in <a href="/facts/Osteoarthritis/Iy1wDA1B">osteoarthritis</a>, <a href="/facts/Acute_pain/70E79oUn">acute pain</a> in adults, <a href="/facts/Rheumatoid_arthritis/qFK4Xwv7">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="/facts/Ankylosing_spondylitis/tHgAlJNd">ankylosing spondylitis</a>, <a href="/facts/Painful_menstruation/WFNGwoY9">painful menstruation</a>, and <a href="/facts/Juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis/QLkC6CGD">juvenile rheumatoid arthritis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> <a href="/facts/SUGEN/99t500wb">SUGEN</a>, a company focused on <a href="/facts/Protein_kinase/U4DQVhW3">protein kinase</a> inhibitors, had pioneered the use of ATP-mimetic small molecules to block <a href="/facts/Signal_transduction/1bs0Me6w">signal transduction</a>. The <a href="/facts/SUGEN/99t500wb">SUGEN</a> facility was shut down in 2003 by Pfizer, with the loss of more than 300 jobs, and several programs were transferred to Pfizer. These included <a href="/facts/Sunitinib/nfHUEJld">sunitinib</a> (Sutent), a cancer medication which was approved for human use by the FDA in January 2006.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a> A related compound, SU11654 (<a href="/facts/Toceranib/Kdauu47L">Toceranib</a>), was also approved for <a href="/facts/Cancer_in_dogs/l9orqjEy">cancer in dogs</a>, and the <a href="/facts/ALK_inhibitor/Y7y5JMv8">ALK inhibitor</a> <a href="/facts/Crizotinib/NGkt526c">Crizotinib</a> also grew out of a SUGEN program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a>
In October 2006, the company announced it would acquire PowerMed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a>
On October 15, 2009, Pfizer acquired <a href="/facts/Wyeth/oaUm9fwY">Wyeth</a> for $68 billion in cash and stock, including the assumption of debt, making Pfizer the largest pharmaceutical company in the world.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> The acquisition of Wyeth provided Pfizer with a <a href="/facts/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine/IxaeBXot">pneumococcal conjugate vaccine</a>, trademarked <a href="/facts/Pneumococcal_conjugate_vaccine/IxaeBXot">Prevnar 13</a>; this is used for the prevention of invasive pneumococcal infections. The introduction of the original, 7-valent version of the vaccine, developed by <a href="/facts/Wyeth/oaUm9fwY">Wyeth</a> in February 2000, led to a 75% reduction in the incidence of invasive pneumococcal infections among children under age 5 in the United States. Pfizer introduced an improved version of the vaccine in 2010, for which it was granted a patent in India in 2017. Prevnar 13 provides coverage of 13 bacterial variants, expanding beyond the original 7-valent version.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a> By 2012, the rate of invasive infections among children under age 5 had been reduced by an additional 50%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a>

<h3>2010–2020: Further discoveries and acquisitions</h3>

In 2010, <a href="/facts/Ian_Read/rrvRWhXQ">Ian Read</a> was named <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officer/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officer</a> of the company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a>
In February 2011, Pfizer announced the closure of its UK research and development facility (formerly also a manufacturing plant) in <a href="/facts/Sandwich%2c_Kent/Bvu500Rj">Sandwich, Kent</a>, which at the time employed 2,400 people.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> In March 2011, Pfizer acquired <a href="/facts/King_Pharmaceuticals/qdyRgxGX">King Pharmaceuticals</a> for $3.6 billion in cash. King produced emergency injectables such as the <a href="/facts/EpiPen/BEE2FaUv">EpiPen</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a>
On September 4, 2012, the FDA approved <a href="/facts/Bosutinib/1WwfXFXk">bosutinib</a> (Bosulif) for <a href="/facts/Chronic_myelogenous_leukemia/FA9TdgQn">chronic myelogenous leukemia</a> (CML), a rare type of <a href="/facts/Leukemia/WpEfW0Qh">leukemia</a> and a blood and <a href="/facts/Bone_marrow/4dfudk0H">bone marrow</a> disease that affects primarily older adults.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a> In November 2012, Pfizer received approval from the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> for Xeljanz, a <a href="/facts/Tofacitinib/xWbGGH1C">tofacitinib</a>, for <a href="/facts/Rheumatoid_arthritis/qFK4Xwv7">rheumatoid arthritis</a> and <a href="/facts/Ulcerative_colitis/BIkyFzRj">ulcerative colitis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a> The drug had sales of $1.77 billion in 2018, and in January 2019, it was the top drug in the United States for <a href="/facts/Direct-to-consumer_advertising/49y9pk0M">direct-to-consumer advertising</a>, passing <a href="/facts/Adalimumab/uXAKYLoe">adalimumab</a> (Humira).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a> In 2023, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) identified Xeljanz (tofacitinib) as one of five high-expenditure drugs that experienced significant net price increases without new clinical evidence to justify the hikes. Specifically, Xeljanz's wholesale acquisition cost rose by 6%, leading to an additional $72 million in costs to U.S. payers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a>
On February 1, 2013, <a href="/facts/Zoetis/NHsCu8Rt">Zoetis</a>, the Agriculture Division of Pfizer and later Pfizer Animal Health, became a <a href="/facts/Public_company/tnJQvSdR">public company</a> via an <a href="/facts/Initial_public_offering/2NntDhrG">initial public offering</a>, raising $2.2 billion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a> Later in 2013, Pfizer completed the <a href="/facts/Corporate_spin-off/AAdmMr3u">corporate spin-off</a> of its remaining stake in <a href="/facts/Zoetis/NHsCu8Rt">Zoetis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a>
In September 2014, the company acquired Innopharma for $225 million, plus up to $135 million in milestone payments, in a deal that expanded Pfizer's range of generic and injectable drugs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a>
On January 5, 2015, the company announced it would acquire a controlling interest in Redvax, expanding its vaccine portfolio targeting human <a href="/facts/Cytomegalovirus/gtxdYP8S">cytomegalovirus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a> In February 2015, the company received approval from the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> for <a href="/facts/Palbociclib/VlXGLwIL">palbociclib</a> (Ibrance) for treatment of certain types of <a href="/facts/Breast_cancer/6hME580v">breast cancer</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a> In March 2015, the company announced it would restart its collaboration with <a href="/facts/Eli_Lilly_and_Company/e5Pw7RmR">Eli Lilly and Company</a> surrounding the <a href="/facts/Phase_III_trial/o8hEodVu">Phase III trial</a> of <a href="/facts/Tanezumab/odHBJIgf">Tanezumab</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a> In May 2015, Pfizer and a <a href="/facts/Bar-Ilan_University/8YoGjXIM">Bar-Ilan University</a> laboratory announced a partnership based on the development of medical <a href="/facts/DNA_nanotechnology/7hzv1IlN">DNA nanotechnology</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a> In June 2015, the company acquired Nimenrix and Mencevax, <a href="/facts/Meningococcal_vaccine/FmWdsBCV">meningococcal vaccines</a>, from GlaxoSmithKline for around $130 million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a> In September 2015, Pfizer acquired <a href="/facts/Hospira/GWLrQzDx">Hospira</a> for $17 billion, including the assumption of debt.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a> <a href="/facts/Hospira/GWLrQzDx">Hospira</a> was the largest producer of generic injectable pharmaceuticals in the world.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a> On November 23, 2015, Pfizer and <a href="/facts/Allergan/at8eD4N8">Allergan</a> announced a planned $160 billion merger, in the largest pharmaceutical deal ever and the third largest corporate merger in history. The proposed transaction contemplated that the merged company maintain Allergan's <a href="/facts/Republic_of_Ireland/k8JzXVze">Republic of Ireland</a> domicile, resulting in the new company being subject to <a href="/facts/Corporation_tax/H558GUjI">corporation tax</a> at the relatively low rate of 12.5%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> The deal was to constitute a <a href="/facts/Reverse_merger/qePgq40k">reverse merger</a>, whereby Allergan acquired Pfizer, with the new company then changing its name to "Pfizer, plc".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a> On April 6, 2016, Pfizer and Allergan terminated the merger agreement after the <a href="/facts/Obama_administration/Fx03UXVV">Obama administration</a> and the <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury/lDmua740">United States Department of the Treasury</a> introduced new laws intended to limit <a href="/facts/Corporate_inversion/1VkxnduH">corporate inversions</a> (the extent to which companies could move their headquarters overseas in order to reduce the amount of taxes they pay).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a>
In June 2016, the company acquired Anacor Pharmaceuticals for $5.2 billion, expanding its portfolio in both inflammation and immunology drugs areas.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a> In August 2016, the company made a $40 million bid for the assets of BIND Therapeutics, which was in <a href="/facts/Bankruptcy/EAztPnMf">bankruptcy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a> The same month, the company acquired Bamboo Therapeutics for $645 million, expanding its gene therapy offerings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a> In September 2016, the company acquired cancer drug-maker <a href="/facts/Medivation/sxLM96HU">Medivation</a> for $14 billion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a> In October 2016, the company licensed the anti-<a href="/facts/CTLA4/7nhf4Nq6">CTLA4</a> monoclonal antibody, ONC-392, from OncoImmune.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> In November 2016, Pfizer funded a $3,435,600 study with the <a href="/facts/CDC_Foundation/NmoJNDV5">CDC Foundation</a> to research "screen-and-treat" strategies for <a href="/facts/Cryptococcal_disease/H8gpKmPA">cryptococcal disease</a> in <a href="/facts/Botswana/dGw6g94p">Botswana</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a> In December 2016, Pfizer acquired <a href="/facts/AstraZeneca/KTPcnWfE">AstraZeneca</a>'s small-molecule antibiotics business for $1.575 billion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112">112</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113">113</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114">114</a>
In January 2018, Pfizer announced that it would end its work on research into treatments for <a href="/facts/Alzheimer%2527s_disease/w7Ad6tdg">Alzheimer's disease</a> and <a href="/facts/Parkinsonism/orfkyX69">Parkinsonism</a> (a symptom of <a href="/facts/Parkinson%2527s_disease/xpekKj6x">Parkinson's disease</a> and other conditions). The company said about 300 researchers would lose their jobs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115">115</a> In July 2018, the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> approved <a href="/facts/Enzalutamide/zPpHT6jq">enzalutamide</a>, developed by Pfizer and <a href="/facts/Astellas_Pharma/6UBC1GWI">Astellas Pharma</a> for patients with <a href="/facts/Castration/QdBkfLCK">castration</a>-resistant <a href="/facts/Prostate_cancer/Mx7XuDhm">prostate cancer</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116">116</a> In August 2018, Pfizer signed an agreement with <a href="/facts/BioNTech/8f9h6cwq">BioNTech</a> to conduct joint research and development activities regarding <a href="/facts/MRNA/oUL6qxQn">mRNA</a>-based <a href="/facts/Influenza_vaccine/6J8BBKN1">influenza vaccines</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117">117</a> In October 2018, effective January 1, 2019, <a href="/facts/Albert_Bourla/9CUBD29l">Albert Bourla</a> was promoted to <a href="/facts/Chief_executive_officer/mg4A8y5M">chief executive officer</a>, succeeding <a href="/facts/Ian_Read/rrvRWhXQ">Ian Read</a>, his mentor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118">118</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119">119</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120">120</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121">121</a>
In July 2019, the company acquired Therachon for up to $810 million, expanding its rare disease portfolio through Therachon's recombinant human fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 compound, aimed at treating conditions such as <a href="/facts/Achondroplasia/oPT4mfxb">achondroplasia</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122">122</a> Also in July, Pfizer acquired <a href="/facts/Array_Biopharma/X7gyp9RU">Array Biopharma</a> for $10.6 billion, boosting its oncology pipeline.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123">123</a> In August 2019, Pfizer merged its consumer health business with that of GlaxoSmithKline, into a <a href="/facts/Joint_venture/f2Fv8QqA">joint venture</a> owned 68% by GlaxoSmithKline and 32% by Pfizer, with plans to make it a <a href="/facts/Public_company/tnJQvSdR">public company</a>. The transaction built on a 2018 transaction where GlaxoSmithKline acquired <a href="/facts/Novartis/jDregKez">Novartis</a>' stake in the GSK-Novartis consumer healthcare joint business.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124">124</a> The transaction followed negotiations with other companies including <a href="/facts/Reckitt_Benckiser/zIB2rhHK">Reckitt Benckiser</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125">125</a> <a href="/facts/Sanofi/rLQc448b">Sanofi</a>, <a href="/facts/Johnson_%2526_Johnson/DSfqnVrM">Johnson & Johnson</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126">126</a> and <a href="/facts/Procter_%2526_Gamble/C6ssaBHl">Procter & Gamble</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127">127</a> In September 2019, Pfizer initiated a study with the <a href="/facts/CDC_Foundation/NmoJNDV5">CDC Foundation</a> to investigate the tracking of <a href="/facts/Healthcare-associated_infection/sKWTbPTq">healthcare-associated infections</a>, scheduled to run through to June 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128">128</a> In December 2019, Pfizer awarded the CDC Foundation a further $1,948,482 to continue its <a href="/facts/Cryptococcal_disease/H8gpKmPA">cryptococcal disease</a> screening and treatment research in nine African countries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129">129</a>

<h3>2020-onwards: pandemic, corporate development, and Trump tariffs</h3>
<h4>COVID-19 and vaccine development</h4>
In March 2020, Pfizer joined the COVID-19 Therapeutics Accelerator funding vehicle to expedite development of <a href="/facts/Treatment_and_management_of_COVID-19/al0Ddhl2">treatments against COVID-19</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130">130</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131">131</a> The $125 million initiative was launched by the <a href="/facts/Bill_%2526_Melinda_Gates_Foundation/IW7prjCH">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation</a> in partnership with <a href="/facts/Mastercard/M0lofWzy">Mastercard</a> and <a href="/facts/Wellcome_Trust/fBtPWxvj">Wellcome Trust</a>, with additional funding announced shortly after from <a href="/facts/Chan_Zuckerberg_Initiative/4N35boUu">Chan Zuckerberg Initiative</a>, <a href="/facts/Foreign%2c_Commonwealth_and_Development_Office/QQqx2MwF">UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office</a> and <a href="/facts/Madonna/kHDBUtL7">Madonna</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132">132</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133">133</a>
The following month, the <a href="/facts/Foundation_for_the_National_Institutes_of_Health/nwdfstJs">Foundation for the National Institutes of Health</a> announced the Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) public-private partnership to develop a coordinated research strategy for prioritizing and speeding up development of COVID-19 vaccines and pharmaceutical products.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134">134</a> Pfizer joined the partnership as an industry "leadership organization", and participated as a collaborator in ACTIV-led clinical trials.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135">135</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136">136</a> CEO <a href="/facts/Albert_Bourla/9CUBD29l">Albert Bourla</a> attended the <a href="/facts/GAVI/MIeAFEHv">GAVI</a> <a href="/facts/COVAX_AMC/tvF3fck0">COVAX AMC</a> 2021 Investment Opportunity Launch Event, otherwise named One World Protected, on April 15, 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137">137</a>
In Canada, Pfizer endorsed the use of a <a href="/facts/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic/6PsbUbl6">vaccine passport</a> <a href="/facts/Mobile_app/r7vp6meo">mobile app</a> developed by CANImmunize in order to record and track status of COVID-19 vaccination.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138">138</a>
As the scale of the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a> became apparent, Pfizer partnered with BioNTech to study and develop <a href="/facts/COVID-19/YsUgvsaX">COVID-19</a> mRNA vaccine candidates. Unlike many of its competitors, Pfizer took no initial research funds from the United States' <a href="/facts/Operation_Warp_Speed/hkNus0up">Operation Warp Speed</a> vaccine development program, instead choosing to invest roughly $2 billion of its own funds. Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla has said that he declined money from Operation Warp Speed to avoid government intervention, stating later that "when you get money from someone that always comes with strings. They want to see how we are going to progress, what type of moves you are going to do. They want reports. And also, I wanted to keep Pfizer out of politics, by the way."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139">139</a>
In May 2020, Pfizer began testing four different <a href="/facts/COVID-19_vaccine/obToxWTT">COVID-19 vaccine</a> variations using <a href="/facts/Lipid_nanoparticle/h9poKr1E">lipid nanoparticle</a> technology provided by Canadian biotechnology company <a href="/facts/Acuitas_Therapeutics/f7YlNT3H">Acuitas Therapeutics</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140">140</a> Vaccines were injected into the first human participants in the U.S. in early May. In July 2020, Pfizer and BioNTech announced that two of the partners' four <a href="/facts/Messenger_RNA/oUL6qxQn">mRNA</a> vaccine candidates had won fast track designation from the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">FDA</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141">141</a> The company began Phase II-III testing on 30,000 people in the last week of July 2020 and was slated to be paid $1.95 billion for 100 million doses of the vaccine by the US government.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142">142</a> In September 2020, Pfizer and BioNTech announced that they had completed talks with the European Commission to provide an initial 200 million vaccine doses to the EU, with the option to supply another 100 million doses at a later date.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143">143</a>
On November 9, 2020, Pfizer announced that BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine, tested on 43,500 people, was found to be 90% effective at preventing symptomatic COVID-19.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144">144</a> The efficacy was updated to 95% a week later.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145">145</a> Akiko Iwasaki, an immunologist interviewed by The New York Times, described the efficacy figure as "really a spectacular number."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146">146</a> The announcement made Pfizer and BioNTech the first companies to develop and test a working vaccine for COVID-19.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147">147</a>
Over the following month and a half, regulators in various countries approved Pfizer's vaccine for emergency use.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148">148</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149">149</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150">150</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151">151</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152">152</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153">153</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154">154</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155">155</a>

<h4>Controversy</h4>
In February 2021, after a year long investigation relying on unnamed officials, Pfizer was accused by <a href="/facts/The_Bureau_of_Investigative_Journalism/PCHn1q8z">The Bureau of Investigative Journalism</a> (TBIJ) of employing "high-level bullying" against at least two <a href="/facts/Latin_America/Qmx9Jx2a">Latin American</a> countries during negotiations to acquire COVID-19 vaccines, including requesting that the countries put sovereign assets as <a href="/facts/Collateral_(finance)/A2UHNMj4">collateral</a> for payments.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156">156</a> According to TBIJ, these negotiation tactics resulted in a months long delay in Pfizer reaching a vaccine agreement with one country and a complete failure to reach agreements with two other countries, including <a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk">Argentina</a> and Brazil.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157">157</a>
In November 2021, TBMJ published an article after obtaining information from a <a href="/facts/Whistleblower/Ah5QHEW1">whistleblower</a> from the Ventavia Research Group. Ventavia was hired by Pfizer as a research subcontractor. A regional director (whistleblower) who was employed at Ventavia Research Group has told The BMJ that the company falsified data, unblinded patients, employed inadequately trained vaccinators, and was slow to follow up on adverse events reported in <a href="/facts/Pfizer%25E2%2580%2593BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine/T0AYCJ9p">Pfizer's pivotal phase III trial</a>. The regional director, Brook Jackson, emailed a complaint to the US <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA). Ventavia fired her later the same day.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158">158</a> The <a href="/facts/European_Medicines_Agency/h9FTtCYc">European Medicines Agency</a> (EMA) stated in a response to the <a href="/facts/European_Parliament/H9WLUd1r">European Parliament</a>, that "the deficiencies identified do not jeopardize the quality and integrity of the data from the main Comirnaty trial and have no impact on the benefit-risk assessment or on the conclusions on the safety, effectiveness and quality of the vaccine".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159">159</a> <a href="/facts/Science-Based_Medicine/b6Gw63qn">Science-Based Medicine</a> emphasized that Ventavia oversaw just three of the 153 clinical sites involved with Pfizer's trial and "a small fraction (~1,000 by the time the whistleblower was fired) of the trial's over ~44,000 subjects."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160">160</a>
On 10 October 2022, during a session of the <a href="/facts/European_Parliament/H9WLUd1r">European Parliament</a>'s Special Committee on the COVID-19 Pandemic, Pfizer executive Janine Small testified that the company had not evaluated their <a href="/facts/Pfizer%25E2%2580%2593BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine/T0AYCJ9p">COVID-19 vaccine</a> for its ability to reduce transmission of the <a href="/facts/SARS-CoV-2/DxF8rDc1">SARS-CoV-2</a> virus prior to its release to the general public.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161">161</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162">162</a> Dutch MEP <a href="/facts/Rob_Roos/TvC2QTqd">Rob Roos</a> described the admission as "scandalous".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163">163</a> CEO <a href="/facts/Albert_Bourla/9CUBD29l">Albert Bourla</a> was slated to attend, but withdrew.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164">164</a> Roos' statements in turn have been described as "misleading".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165">165</a>

<h4>Development of oral antivirals</h4>
In November 2021, Pfizer launched a new COVID-19 oral antivirus treatment known as <a href="/facts/Nirmatrelvir%2fritonavir/l8wftVI5">Paxlovid</a>. In January 2022, the Pfizer CEO <a href="/facts/Albert_Bourla/9CUBD29l">Albert Bourla</a> confirmed that the trial results of a fourth dose were pending until March 2022. He said that the firm was setting up a collaboration to develop an anti-COVID pill treatment along with a French company, <a href="/facts/Novasep/GKank8GB">Novasep</a>. He also said the COVID vaccine was "safe and efficient" for children.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166">166</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167">167</a> In May 2022, reports emerged of patients experiencing "rebound" symptoms after completing a five-day course of Paxlovid.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168">168</a> The FDA responded by announcing they had performed additional analyses of the drug's clinical trial data, and decided against changing its recommendations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169">169</a> U.S. President <a href="/facts/Joe_Biden/fe2ThfUp">Joe Biden</a> and Dr. <a href="/facts/Anthony_Fauci/QFebcwYs">Anthony Fauci</a> were both reported to experience this rebound syndrome in the months that followed, while continuing to recommend the drug for those who may benefit from it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170">170</a>

<h4>Corporate developments and acquisitions</h4>
In September 2020, the company acquired a 9.9% stake in CStone Pharmaceuticals for $200 million (HK$1.55 billion), helping to commercialise its anti-<a href="/facts/PD-L1/0jyfJ2nE">PD-L1</a> monoclonal antibody, CS1001.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171">171</a> In October 2020, the company acquired Arixa Pharmaceuticals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172">172</a> In November 2020, using a <a href="/facts/Reverse_Morris_Trust/1mt55lxW">Reverse Morris Trust</a> structure, Pfizer merged its off-patent branded and <a href="/facts/Generic_drug/IF6AXDVX">generic drug</a> business, known as Upjohn, with <a href="/facts/Mylan/RxfbNYY7">Mylan</a> to form <a href="/facts/Viatris/bvI5oTMP">Viatris</a>, owned 57% by Pfizer shareholders.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173">173</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174">174</a>
On January 5, 2021, Pfizer introduced a new <a href="/facts/Logo/nUlH9REj">logo</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175">175</a> In April 2021, Pfizer acquired Amplyx Pharmaceuticals and its anti-fungal compound <a href="/facts/Fosmanogepix/kcCSk9hv">fosmanogepix</a> (APX001).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176">176</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177">177</a> In August, the company announced it would acquire Trillium Therapeutics Inc and its immuno-oncology portfolio for $2.3 billion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178">178</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179">179</a>
In March 2022, the company acquired <a href="/facts/Arena_Pharmaceuticals/8en0sbwm">Arena Pharmaceuticals</a> for $6.7 billion in cash.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180">180</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181">181</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182">182</a> In June 2022, the company acquired ReViral Ltd, for up to $525 million, gaining access to experimental drugs used to combat <a href="/facts/Respiratory_syncytial_virus/ckD64j8a">respiratory syncytial virus</a> infections.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183">183</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184">184</a> In October 2022, the company acquired Biohaven Pharma and its <a href="/facts/Calcitonin_gene-related_peptide/wyo5dlEM">calcitonin gene-related peptide</a> programs for $11.6 billion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185">185</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186">186</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187">187</a> It also acquired Global Blood Therapeutics for $5.4 billion, boosting Pfizer's rare disease business.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188">188</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189">189</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190">190</a>
In April 2023, Pfizer moved its world headquarters from <a href="/facts/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)/8UEo0t4y">42nd Street</a> in <a href="/facts/Midtown_Manhattan/vc7r8h51">Midtown Manhattan</a> to the Spiral at <a href="/facts/Hudson_Yards_(development)/Hw6H0E21">Hudson Yards</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191">191</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192">192</a>
In December 2023, the company acquired <a href="/facts/Seagen/CCSlSvmy">Seagen</a>, a pioneer of <a href="/facts/Antibody%25E2%2580%2593drug_conjugate/STv3FcXw">antibody–drug conjugates</a> for the treatment of cancer, for $43 billion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193">193</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194">194</a>
On Sept 30, 2024, Pfizer announced its intentions to sell 540 million Haleon shares whose worth is about  £2.1 billion ($2.8 billion)  according to Bloomberg calculations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195">195</a>
In the third quarter of 2024, Pfizer reported $17.7 billion in revenue, a 32% year-over-year increase, driven by <a href="/facts/Nirmatrelvir%2fritonavir/l8wftVI5">Paxlovid</a> ($2.7 billion) and <a href="/facts/Pfizer%25E2%2580%2593BioNTech_COVID-19_vaccine/T0AYCJ9p">Comirnaty</a> ($1.4 billion). Excluding COVID-19 products, core revenue grew 14% to $13.6 billion, led by <a href="/facts/Tafamidis/dlIThSE9">Vyndaqel</a> sales (up 63%) and $854 million from legacy Seagen products. The company raised its 2024 revenue guidance to $61.0–$64.0 billion and adjusted diluted earnings per share to $2.75–$2.95. Pfizer remains on track for $5.5 billion in cost savings, with $4 billion expected by 2024 and $1.5 billion by 2027. Reported diluted earnings per share was $0.78, and adjusted diluted earnings per share was $1.06. The company ranks 69th on the <a href="/facts/Fortune_500/BLeHWymz">Fortune 500</a> of the same year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196">196</a>

<h3>Partnership with Flagship Pioneering</h3>
In July 2024, Pfizer and Flagship Pioneering announced an "Innovation Supply Chain" partnership to co-develop 10 drug candidates. Each party committed $50 million upfront, leveraging Flagship’s ecosystem of over 40 startups to align with Pfizer’s priorities. Pfizer will fund the selected programs and has the option to license or acquire assets, with potential success milestones and royalties reaching up to $700 million per commercialized drug. Two programs, focused on <a href="/facts/Obesity/RBF9y5Vl">obesity</a> and <a href="/facts/Cardiovascular_disease/HD420nMv">cardiovascular diseases</a>, have already been initiated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197">197</a>
The partnership represents a new model in pharmaceutical R&D, focusing on early collaboration with startups to streamline drug development. For startups, the model provides an opportunity for early engagement with pharmaceutical companies, offering potential funding and reduced uncertainty in development programs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198">198</a>

<h3>Collaboration with Ignition AI Accelerator</h3>
In October 2024, Pfizer announced a partnership with the Ignition AI Accelerator, a collaborative initiative by <a href="/facts/Nvidia/8QfCgqbu">NVIDIA</a>, Tribe, and Digital Industry Singapore (DISG). The collaboration aims using <a href="/facts/Artificial_intelligence/lJGauQwX">artificial intelligence</a> to expedite <a href="/facts/Drug_discovery/LLdDNvjy">drug discovery</a> and development processes, improve operational efficiency, and streamline stakeholder engagement. The initiative also focuses on optimizing manufacturing processes, including improving yields and reducing cycle times.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199">199</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200">200</a>

<h3>Expanding AI Collaboration for Clinical Trials with Saama</h3>
Saama and Pfizer reached an expanded multi-year agreement to integrate AI-driven solutions across Pfizer's R&D portfolio, building on their 2020 partnership. Initially the partnership focused on automating data review processes with the Smart Data Quality (SDQ) platform — developed during Pfizer’s COVID-19 vaccine trials — the partnership as of 2024 scales to streamline data review and accelerate regulatory submissions across global studies. The expanded collaboration introduces Saama’s Biometrics Research and Analysis Information Network, enabling faster statistical programming, biostatistics workflows, and submission-ready outputs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201">201</a>

<h3>Acquisition history</h3>

<h2 id="areas-of-focus">Areas of focus</h2>
Pfizer focuses on addressing critical health challenges through innovation in various therapeutic areas. In the field of rare diseases, the company develops treatments for conditions such as <a href="/facts/Duchenne_muscular_dystrophy/VnHhefIk">Duchenne muscular dystrophy</a>, <a href="/facts/Haemophilia/DzpVBLna">hemophilia</a>, <a href="/facts/Sickle_cell_disease/93LT7ATq">sickle cell disease</a>, and <a href="/facts/Gaucher%2527s_disease/KbNa4ruF">Gaucher disease</a>, with an inclination on <a href="/facts/Gene_therapy/CaxRLfKM">gene therapy</a> and improving diagnostic resources for patients with unmet medical needs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202">202</a>

<h3>Internal medicine</h3>
Pfizer has a longstanding history in vaccines, contributing to breakthroughs in diseases like polio and smallpox. Currently, the company focuses on vaccines for pneumococcal and meningococcal diseases, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), <a href="/facts/Lyme_disease/820IycaC">Lyme disease</a>, and <a href="/facts/Clostridioides_difficile/lELAUztP">Clostridioides difficile</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203">203</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204">204</a> It also invests in maternal and neonatal vaccines, <a href="/facts/Cancer_prevention/Vs3rSPKh">cancer prevention</a>, and efforts to mitigate <a href="/facts/Hospital-acquired_infection/sKWTbPTq">hospital-acquired infections</a>. It also works in advancing therapies for issues related to metabolic and cardiovascular health, including obesity, <a href="/facts/Type_2_diabetes/zCMXksmt">type 2 diabetes</a>, <a href="/facts/Insulin_resistance/cz6oFqke">insulin resistance</a>, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205">205</a>

<h3>Obesity Treatment Developments</h3>
Pfizer has advanced its obesity treatment research through the development of <a href="/facts/Danuglipron/EfGonb4b">danuglipron</a>, an oral <a href="/facts/Glucagon-like_peptide-1/BAzQx5pJ">glucagon-like peptide-1</a> (GLP-1) receptor agonist:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206">206</a>

<ul><li>Danuglipron Development: Initial trials of the twice-daily formulation showed potential for weight loss and blood sugar management.</li></ul>
<ul><li>New Formulation: A once-daily modified-release version has been identified for further study, showing a suitable pharmacokinetic profile and no significant safety issues in trials involving 1,400 participants.</li></ul>
Dose optimization trials are planned for late 2024 to support large-scale registration studies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207">207</a>

<h3>Oncology</h3>
Pfizer develops targeted therapies to treat multiple cancer types, including bladder, breast, cervical, lung, and colorectal cancers, as well as hematological malignancies. The company conducts research on <a href="/facts/Personalized_medicine/rawUyWgd">precision medicine</a> and <a href="/facts/Immunotherapy/hgq3KQaJ">immunotherapy</a>, aiming to improve survival rates and quality of life for cancer patients. Specially, the acquisition of Seagen has supported further development of oncology treatments, including mRNA cancer vaccines.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208">208</a>

<ul><li>Prostate Cancer: The EMBARK trial showed improved metastasis-free survival in high-risk, non-metastatic prostate cancer patients, leading to the FDA approval of a combination therapy in 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209">209</a></li></ul>
<ul><li>The TALAPRO-2 study explored treatments for metastatic prostate cancer with homologous recombination repair mutations, which are found in 25% of cases.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210">210</a></li></ul>
<ul><li>Bladder Cancer: The EV-302 study investigated new treatments for advanced urothelial cancer, focusing on improving care for hard-to-treat patient groups.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211">211</a></li></ul>
<h3>Advances in AI, Gene Therapy, and Breakthrough Treatments</h3>
Pfizer has also started initiatives which aim to address healthcare challenges across various regions and therapeutic areas in advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), gene therapy, obesity treatments, and oncology research. In 2023, Pfizer’s affordability and access programs reached 45 million patients in the MERA region, supported by the IUdo app, which was launched in <a href="/facts/Egypt/8Ttg0JwB">Egypt</a>, <a href="/facts/Qatar/K4EkNXJE">Qatar</a>, and <a href="/facts/Lebanon/2dReTXyp">Lebanon</a> to facilitate patient access to care. In 2024, Pfizer focuses on integrating AI and gene therapy in the <a href="/facts/Middle_East/8CD6pLWv">Middle East</a>, <a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a>, and <a href="/facts/Africa/XkqQUP9s">Africa</a> (MERA) region, with its headquarters in <a href="/facts/Dubai/v44jdkJK">Dubai</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212">212</a> Key initiatives include:

<ul><li>Personalized Healthcare: Omnichannel strategies are being used to provide tailored healthcare solutions for patients and professionals.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213">213</a></li>
<li>AI-Powered Education Programs: AI-driven atrial fibrillation programs localized educational materials into multiple languages, increasing accessibility.</li>
<li>Rare Disease Research: Collaboration with the Abu Dhabi Department of Health to analyze real-world data on Sickle Cell Disease using AI.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214">214</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="legal-issues">Legal issues</h2>
<h3>Aggressive pharmaceutical marketing</h3>
See also: <a href="/facts/List_of_largest_pharmaceutical_settlements/xreA2RSW">List of largest pharmaceutical settlements</a> and <a href="/facts/Franklin_v._Parke-Davis/MVfKyfko">Franklin v. Parke-Davis</a>
Pfizer has been accused of aggressive <a href="/facts/Pharmaceutical_marketing/6gbpBNx5">pharmaceutical marketing</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215">215</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:216" href="#fn:216">216</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:217" href="#fn:217">217</a>

<h4>2004 Illegal marketing of gabapentin for off-label uses settlement</h4>
In 1993, the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) approved <a href="/facts/Gabapentin/QgRxFbfX">gabapentin</a> only for treatment of <a href="/facts/Seizures/zuIrQyze">seizures</a>. <a href="/facts/Warner%25E2%2580%2593Lambert/8KTc5lAH">Warner–Lambert</a>, which merged with Pfizer in 2000, used <a href="/facts/Continuing_medical_education/3dUR2vwJ">continuing medical education</a> and <a href="/facts/Medical_research/lSVBFxDJ">medical research</a>, sponsored articles about the drug for the medical literature, and alleged suppression of unfavorable study results, to promote gabapentin. Within five years, the drug was being widely used for <a href="/facts/Off-label_use/0PDs5VWS">off-label uses</a> such as treatment of pain and psychiatric conditions. Warner–Lambert admitted to violating FDA regulations by promoting the drug for pain, psychiatric conditions, migraine, and other unapproved uses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:218" href="#fn:218">218</a> In 2004, the company paid $430 million in one of the largest settlements to resolve criminal and civil health care liability charges. It was the first off-label promotion case successfully brought under the <a href="/facts/False_Claims_Act/v3pJPSds">False Claims Act</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:219" href="#fn:219">219</a> A Cochrane review concluded that gabapentin is ineffective in migraine prophylaxis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:220" href="#fn:220">220</a> The <a href="/facts/American_Academy_of_Neurology/crE3fa6T">American Academy of Neurology</a> rates it as having unproven efficacy, while the <a href="/facts/Canadian_Headache_Society/kNDKI5S6">Canadian Headache Society</a> and the <a href="/facts/European_Federation_of_Neurological_Societies/1gHJwBU1">European Federation of Neurological Societies</a> rate its use as being supported by moderate and low-quality evidence.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:221" href="#fn:221">221</a>

<h4>2009 Illegal marketing of Bextra settlement</h4>
In September 2009, Pfizer pleaded guilty to the illegal marketing of <a href="/facts/Arthritis/IQ1wyf21">arthritis</a> drug <a href="/facts/Valdecoxib/R6GpUAA8">valdecoxib</a> (Bextra) and agreed to a $2.3 billion settlement, the largest <a href="/facts/Health_care_fraud/kXeyPIW3">health care fraud</a> settlement at that time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:222" href="#fn:222">222</a> Pfizer promoted the sale of the drug for several uses and dosages that the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> specifically declined to approve due to safety concerns. The drug was pulled from the market in 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:223" href="#fn:223">223</a> It was Pfizer's fourth such settlement in a decade.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:224" href="#fn:224">224</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:225" href="#fn:225">225</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:226" href="#fn:226">226</a> The payment included $1.195 billion in criminal penalties for felony violations of the <a href="/facts/Federal_Food%2c_Drug%2c_and_Cosmetic_Act/2WIHtPjC">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a>, and $1.0 billion to settle allegations it had illegally promoted the drugs for uses that were not approved by the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">Food and Drug Administration</a> (FDA) leading to violations under the <a href="/facts/False_Claims_Act/v3pJPSds">False Claims Act</a> as reimbursements were requested from Federal and State programs. The criminal fine was the largest ever assessed in the United States to date.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:227" href="#fn:227">227</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:228" href="#fn:228">228</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:229" href="#fn:229">229</a> Pfizer entered a <a href="/facts/Corporate_integrity_agreement/HnUUkltn">corporate integrity agreement</a> with the <a href="/facts/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)/PKtgF0yL">Office of Inspector General</a> that required it to make substantial structural reforms within the company, and publish to its website its post approval commitments and a searchable database of all payments to physicians made by the company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:230" href="#fn:230">230</a>

<h4>Termination of Peter Rost</h4>
<a href="/facts/Peter_Rost_(doctor)/4dwBSdle">Peter Rost</a> was vice president in charge of the <a href="/facts/Endocrinology/4SqQu1NN">endocrinology</a> division at <a href="/facts/Pharmacia/wccB2D1R">Pharmacia</a> before its acquisition by Pfizer. During that time he raised concerns internally about <a href="/facts/Kickback_(bribery)/2L4nDI73">kickbacks</a> and off-label marketing of Genotropin, Pharmacia's <a href="/facts/Human_growth_hormone/SLEJ1fws">human growth hormone</a> drug. Pfizer reported the Pharmacia marketing practices to the FDA and Department of Justice; Rost was unaware of this and filed an FCA lawsuit against Pfizer. Pfizer kept him employed, but isolated him until the FCA suit was unsealed in 2005. The Justice Department declined to intervene, and Pfizer fired him, and he filed a wrongful termination suit against Pfizer. Pfizer won a summary dismissal of the case, with the court ruling that the evidence showed Pfizer had decided to fire Rost prior to learning of his whistleblower activities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:231" href="#fn:231">231</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:232" href="#fn:232">232</a>

<h4>2014 Illegal marketing of Rapamune settlement</h4>
A "whistleblower suit" was filed in 2005 against <a href="/facts/Wyeth/oaUm9fwY">Wyeth</a>, which was acquired by Pfizer in 2009, alleging that the company illegally marketed <a href="/facts/Sirolimus/9hdLP135">sirolimus</a> (Rapamune) for <a href="/facts/Off-label_use/0PDs5VWS">off-label uses</a>, targeted specific doctors and medical facilities to increase sales of Rapamune, tried to get transplant patients to change from their transplant drugs to Rapamune, and specifically targeted <a href="/facts/African-Americans/pTgcAdo8">African-Americans</a>. According to the whistleblowers, Wyeth also provided doctors and hospitals that prescribed the drug with kickbacks such as grants, donations, and other money.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:233" href="#fn:233">233</a> In 2013, the company pleaded guilty to criminal mis-branding violations under the <a href="/facts/Federal_Food%2c_Drug%2c_and_Cosmetic_Act/2WIHtPjC">Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</a>. By August 2014, it had paid $491 million in civil and criminal penalties related to Rapamune.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:234" href="#fn:234">234</a>

<h4>2014 Illegal marketing settlement</h4>
In June 2010, health insurance network <a href="/facts/Blue_Cross_Blue_Shield/BXhFKwFr">Blue Cross Blue Shield</a> (BCBS) filed a lawsuit against Pfizer for allegedly illegally marketing drugs Bextra, Geodon and Lyrica. BCBS alleged that Pfizer used kickbacks and wrongly persuaded doctors to prescribe the drugs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:235" href="#fn:235">235</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:236" href="#fn:236">236</a> According to the lawsuit, Pfizer handed out 'misleading' materials on <a href="/facts/Off-label_use/0PDs5VWS">off-label uses</a>, sent over 5,000 doctors on trips to the <a href="/facts/Caribbean/zRI9aMCh">Caribbean</a> or around the United States, and paid them $2,000 honoraria in return for listening to lectures about Bextra.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:237" href="#fn:237">237</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:238" href="#fn:238">238</a> Despite Pfizer's claims that "the company's intent was pure" in fostering a legal exchange of information among doctors, an internal marketing plan revealed that Pfizer intended to train physicians "to serve as public relations spokespeople."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:239" href="#fn:239">239</a> The case was settled in 2014 for $325 million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:240" href="#fn:240">240</a> Fearing that Pfizer is "<a href="/facts/Too_big_to_fail/c5xwuWDu">too big to fail</a>" and that prosecuting the company would result in disruptions to <a href="/facts/Medicare_(United_States)/vLKMBktB">Medicare</a> and <a href="/facts/Medicaid/ml1fNWjX">Medicaid</a>, federal prosecutors instead charged a subsidiary of a subsidiary of a subsidiary of Pfizer, which is "nothing more than a shell company whose only function is to plead guilty."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:241" href="#fn:241">241</a>

<h3>2013 Quigley Company asbestos settlement</h3>
The Quigley Company, which sold <a href="/facts/Asbestos/dEnjQyee">asbestos</a>-containing insulation products until the early 1970s, was acquired by Pfizer in 1968. In June 2013, asbestos victims and Pfizer negotiated a settlement that required Pfizer to pay a total of $964 million: $430 million to 80% of existing plaintiffs and place an additional $535 million into a settlement trust that will compensate future plaintiffs as well as the remaining 20% of plaintiffs with claims against Pfizer and Quigley. Of that $535 million, $405 million is in a 40-year note from Pfizer, while $100 million is from insurance policies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:242" href="#fn:242">242</a>

<h3>1994 Shiley defective heart valves settlement</h3>
Pfizer purchased Shiley in 1979, at the onset of its Convexo-Concave valve ordeal, involving the <a href="/facts/Bjork%25E2%2580%2593Shiley_valve/gQ3DHSKX">Bjork–Shiley valve</a>. Approximately 500 people died when defective <a href="/facts/Heart_valve/9pEYudb4">heart valves</a> fractured and, in 1994, Pfizer agreed to pay $10.75 million to settle claims by the <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_Justice/2SuTuevo">United States Department of Justice</a> that the company lied to get approval for the valves.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:243" href="#fn:243">243</a>

<h3>2010 Firing of employee that filed suit</h3>
A federal lawsuit was filed by a scientist claiming she got an infection by a genetically modified <a href="/facts/Lentivirus/ThuASV8M">lentivirus</a> while working for Pfizer, resulting in intermittent <a href="/facts/Paralysis/Sh1Rqr8R">paralysis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:244" href="#fn:244">244</a> A judge dismissed the case citing a lack of evidence that the illness was caused by the virus but the jury ruled that by firing the employee, Pfizer violated laws protecting <a href="/facts/Freedom_of_speech/jYakwGMP">freedom of speech</a> and <a href="/facts/Whistleblower/Ah5QHEW1">whistleblowers</a> and awarded her $1.37 million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:245" href="#fn:245">245</a>

<h3>2012 Celebrex intellectual property settlement</h3>
<a href="/facts/Brigham_Young_University/aYaXLWt2">Brigham Young University</a> (BYU) said a professor of chemistry, Dr. <a href="/facts/Daniel_L._Simmons/f33xujrd">Daniel L. Simmons</a>, discovered an enzyme in the 1990s that led towards development of <a href="/facts/Celebrex/DqbVQYSs">Celebrex</a>. BYU was originally seeking a 15% royalty on sales, equating to $9.7 billion. A research agreement had been made between BYU and <a href="/facts/Monsanto/6rVAaIXB">Monsanto</a>, whose pharmaceutical business was later acquired by Pfizer, to develop a better <a href="/facts/Aspirin/opMK4qLk">aspirin</a>. The enzyme Dr. Simmons claims to have discovered would induce pain and inflammation while causing gastrointestinal problems and Celebrex is used to reduce those issues. A six-year battle ensued because BYU claimed that Pfizer did not give Dr. Simmons credit or compensation, while Pfizer claimed that it had met all obligations regarding the Monsanto agreement. In May 2012, Pfizer settled the allegations, agreeing to pay $450 million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:246" href="#fn:246">246</a>

<h3>2011 Nigeria Trovafloxacin lawsuit settlement</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Abdullahi_v._Pfizer%2c_Inc./xBN74Ekw">Abdullahi v. Pfizer, Inc.</a>
In 1996, an outbreak of measles, cholera, and bacterial meningitis occurred in Nigeria. Pfizer representatives and personnel from a contract research organization (CRO) traveled to <a href="/facts/Kano_(city)/epfBfaDy">Kano</a> to set up a clinical trial and administer an experimental <a href="/facts/Antibiotic/sF1kIfxg">antibiotic</a>, <a href="/facts/Trovafloxacin/Sq4Wt4E6">trovafloxacin</a>, to approximately 200 children.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:247" href="#fn:247">247</a> Tests in animals showed that Trovan had life-threatening side effects, including joint disease, abnormal cartilage growth, liver damage, and a degenerative bone condition. Pfizer’s representatives did not alert the parents or patients about the serious risks involved, or tell them about an effective conventional treatment that Doctors without Borders was providing at the same site.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:248" href="#fn:248">248</a> Local Kano officials reported that more than fifty children died in the experiment, while many others developed mental and physical deformities such as blindness, deafness, paralysis, and brain damage.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:249" href="#fn:249">249</a> The nature and frequency of both fatalities and other adverse outcomes were similar to those historically found among pediatric patients treated for meningitis in sub-Saharan Africa.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:250" href="#fn:250">250</a> In 2001, families of the children, as well as the governments of Kano and Nigeria, filed lawsuits regarding the treatment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:251" href="#fn:251">251</a> According to <a href="/facts/Democracy_Now!/nIHTL77P">Democracy Now!</a>, "[r]esearchers did not obtain signed consent forms, and medical personnel said Pfizer did not tell parents their children were getting the experimental drug."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:252" href="#fn:252">252</a> The lawsuits also accused Pfizer of using the outbreak to perform unapproved human testing, as well as allegedly under-dosing a control group being treated with traditional antibiotics in order to skew the results of the trial in favor of Trovan. Nigerian medical personnel as well as at least one Pfizer physician said the trial was conducted without regulatory approval.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:253" href="#fn:253">253</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:254" href="#fn:254">254</a>
In 2007, Pfizer published a Statement of Defense letter, stating that the drug's oral form was safer and easier to administer. Trovan had been used safely in more than five thousand Americans prior to the Nigerian trial, and mortality in the patients treated by Pfizer was lower than that observed historically in African meningitis epidemics. No unusual side effects, unrelated to meningitis, were observed after four weeks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:255" href="#fn:255">255</a>
In June 2010, the US Supreme Court rejected Pfizer's appeal against a ruling allowing lawsuits by the Nigerian families to proceed.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:256" href="#fn:256">256</a>
In December 2010, the <a href="/facts/United_States_diplomatic_cables_leak/k0Eo5TXt">United States diplomatic cables leak</a> indicated that Pfizer hired investigators to find evidence of corruption against Nigerian attorney general <a href="/facts/Michael_Aondoakaa/wUhfb3Dk">Michael Aondoakaa</a> to persuade him to drop legal action.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:257" href="#fn:257">257</a> <a href="/facts/The_Washington_Post/dRvzvqJc">The Washington Post</a> reporter Joe Stephens, who helped break the story in 2000, called these actions "dangerously close to blackmail".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:258" href="#fn:258">258</a> In response, the company released a press statement describing the allegations as "preposterous" and saying that it acted in good faith.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:259" href="#fn:259">259</a> Aondoakka, who had allegedly demanded bribes from Pfizer in return for a settlement of the case,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:260" href="#fn:260">260</a> was declared unfit for office and had his U.S. visa revoked in association with corruption charges in 2010.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:261" href="#fn:261">261</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:262" href="#fn:262">262</a>
The lawsuits were eventually settled out of court. Pfizer committed to paying US$35 million "to compensate the families of children in the study", another $30 million to "support healthcare initiatives in Kano", and $10 million to cover legal costs. Payouts began in 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:263" href="#fn:263">263</a>

<h3>2022 Inflating Prices fine</h3>
In July 2022, UK antitrust authorities fined Pfizer £63 million for unfairly high priced drug that aids in controlling epileptic seizures. The Competition and Markets Authority stated that the company took advantage of loopholes by de-branding epilepsy drug Epanutin, by doing so the price of Epanutin's price was not regulated to the same standards the company are used to and therefore the price of the drug was raised. It was stated that over a four-year period, Pfizer had billed Epanutin for around 780% and 1,600% higher than its standard price.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:264" href="#fn:264">264</a>

<h3>2022 Allegations of patent infringement on mRNA technology</h3>
In August 2022, <a href="/facts/Moderna/tjjjJqNs">Moderna</a> announced that it will sue Pfizer and its partner <a href="/facts/BioNTech/8f9h6cwq">BioNTech</a> for <a href="/facts/Patent_infringement/7vH9JvMF">infringing their patent</a> on the mRNA technology.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:265" href="#fn:265">265</a> In May 2024, the <a href="/facts/European_Patent_Office/T7ExjvB1">European Patent Office</a> upheld the validity of Moderna's EP949 patent, one of the two patents asserted against Pfizer and BioNTech.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:266" href="#fn:266">266</a>

<h2 id="impact-of-us-administration-imposed-tariffs-on-pfizer">Impact of US Administration-Imposed Tariffs on Pfizer</h2>
Per <a href="/facts/Yahoo_Finance/bz9CLjnJ">Yahoo Finance</a>, Pfizer maintains a wide economic moat supported by steady cash flows and a diversified portfolio of patent-protected drugs, along with scale advantages in research and development.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:267" href="#fn:267">267</a>
As several media outlets note, Pfizer's role in global healthcare provides it with some insulation from international tariff disputes, as pharmaceutical products are generally exempt from tariffs under international trade agreements and governmental trade policies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:268" href="#fn:268">268</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:269" href="#fn:269">269</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:270" href="#fn:270">270</a> Per <a href="/facts/The_Wall_Street_Journal/9Pkf2cYK">The Wall Street Journal</a>, Health Care Industry and Consumer staples are among the least impacted.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:271" href="#fn:271">271</a> In February 2025, Pfizer’s CEO Albert Bourla emphasized the company’s ability to mitigate potential future tariffs by shifting manufacturing to its 13 U.S. facilities, including large-scale sites dedicated to sterile injectables and antibody production.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:272" href="#fn:272">272</a>
<a href="/facts/Donald_Trump/pqqKY21P">Donald Trump</a> said in February 2025 that he was considering four exemptions to reciprocal tariffs, including pharmaceutical industries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:273" href="#fn:273">273</a>

<h2 id="environmental-record">Environmental record</h2>
Since 2000, the company has implemented more than 4,000 <a href="/facts/Greenhouse_gas/HXaHqrT8">greenhouse gas</a> reduction projects.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:274" href="#fn:274">274</a>
Pfizer has inherited Wyeth's liabilities in the <a href="/facts/American_Cyanamid/fbBUI2EN">American Cyanamid</a> site in <a href="/facts/Bridgewater_Township%2c_New_Jersey/lktkAhpJ">Bridgewater Township, New Jersey</a>, a highly toxic EPA <a href="/facts/Superfund/FFJJqmmu">Superfund</a> site. Pfizer has since attempted to remediate this land in order to clean and develop it for future profits and potential public uses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:275" href="#fn:275">275</a> The <a href="/facts/Sierra_Club/BGbcjkD8">Sierra Club</a> and the <a href="/facts/Edison_Wetlands_Association/I8bhTeQn">Edison Wetlands Association</a> have opposed the cleanup plan, arguing that the area is subject to flooding, which could cause pollutants to leach. The EPA considers the plan the most reasonable from considerations of safety and cost-effectiveness, arguing that an alternative plan involving trucking <a href="/facts/Contaminated_soil/BzPwKXhM">contaminated soil</a> off site could expose cleanup workers. The EPA's position is backed by the environmental watchdog group CRISIS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:276" href="#fn:276">276</a>
In June 2002, a chemical explosion at the Groton plant injured 7 people and caused the evacuation of more than 100 homes in the surrounding area.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:277" href="#fn:277">277</a>

<h2 id="public-private-engagement">Public-private engagement</h2>
Pfizer engages with the public and private sectors in a variety of settings including to promote <a href="/facts/Research_and_development/2h5UddUu">research and development</a>, academic funding, event sponsorship, <a href="/facts/Philanthropy/Xep5s0gd">philanthropy</a>, and <a href="/facts/Political_lobbying/lzdxSAUj">political lobbying</a>.

<h3>Academia</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Institute_for_Advanced_Study/jQQCURKt">Institute for Advanced Study</a> – Matching gifts and direct donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:278" href="#fn:278">278</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:279" href="#fn:279">279</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/University_of_Toronto/FpGjQNm9">University of Toronto</a> – Donor to the Boundless Campaign,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:280" href="#fn:280">280</a> and member of the President's Circle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:281" href="#fn:281">281</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/University_of_Washington/36PG6qkG">University of Washington</a> – Member of the Honor Roll of Donors, having contributed between $10 million and $50 million to funding the school as of 2020.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:282" href="#fn:282">282</a></li></ul>
<h3>Activism</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Habitat_for_Humanity/Uphdg97l">Habitat for Humanity</a> – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:283" href="#fn:283">283</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Human_Rights_Campaign/S5ebYhLe">Human Rights Campaign</a> (HRC) – Corporate partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:284" href="#fn:284">284</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/National_Women%2527s_Law_Center/KzRlRj2h">National Women's Law Center</a> – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:285" href="#fn:285">285</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Share_Our_Strength/40hVpzhQ">Share Our Strength</a> – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:286" href="#fn:286">286</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/WaterAid/7xKwmw6M">WaterAid</a> – Partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:287" href="#fn:287">287</a></li></ul>
<h3>Conferences and summits</h3>
<ul><li>Women in Medicine Summit – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:288" href="#fn:288">288</a></li>
<li>World Neuroscience Innovation Forum – Strategic partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:289" href="#fn:289">289</a></li></ul>
<h3>Media</h3>
During the <a href="/facts/COVID-19_pandemic/0xTsh7Ut">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Pfizer engaged many forms of media to promote their <a href="/facts/Pfizer_COVID-19_vaccine/T0AYCJ9p">COVID-19 vaccine</a>, including a commissioned <a href="/facts/National_Geographic/vnuhsmYg">National Geographic</a> documentary.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:290" href="#fn:290">290</a> Pfizer is also a donor to the <a href="/facts/National_Geographic_Society/mlx2uHa4">National Geographic Society</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:291" href="#fn:291">291</a>
Pfizer was a prominent sponsor of the <a href="/facts/94th_Academy_Awards/UIue3wMr">2022 Oscars ceremony</a> alongside <a href="/facts/BioNTech/8f9h6cwq">BioNTech</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:292" href="#fn:292">292</a>
Pfizer has been a major donor to the <a href="/facts/National_Press_Foundation/r6gzAx8x">National Press Foundation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:293" href="#fn:293">293</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:294" href="#fn:294">294</a> Pfizer sponsored a program for the NPF called "Cancer Issues 2010" to train journalists to "understand the latest research" on various cancers, including the role of pharmaceutical products and vaccines. <a href="/facts/MicroRNA/UjqbYYpe">MicroRNA</a> (miRNA) was also a listed topic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:295" href="#fn:295">295</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:296" href="#fn:296">296</a>
Pfizer sponsors <a href="/facts/19_to_Zero/CdzBsKfz">19 to Zero</a>, a "coalition of academics, public health experts, behavioural economists, and creative professionals" that develops media and educational materials to influence public perception surrounding <a href="/facts/COVID-19/YsUgvsaX">COVID-19</a> and <a href="/facts/COVID-19_vaccine/obToxWTT">COVID-19 vaccines</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:297" href="#fn:297">297</a>

<h3>Medical societies</h3>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/American_Society_of_Hematology/QfvIr17s">American Society of Hematology</a> – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:298" href="#fn:298">298</a></li>
<li>Arthritis Society – National partner. Pfizer also supports the organization's provincial branches in <a href="/facts/Alberta/PjKJFbJY">Alberta</a>, <a href="/facts/British_Columbia/Ty3e3g1Q">British Columbia</a>, <a href="/facts/Manitoba/QuCdIDYB">Manitoba</a>, <a href="/facts/New_Brunswick/SLTqCmM2">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="/facts/Newfoundland_and_Labrador/3rdY8zvo">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, <a href="/facts/Nova_Scotia/RcmIvd1A">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="/facts/Ontario/HUkxk5Rf">Ontario</a>, <a href="/facts/Prince_Edward_Island/lgY4nUa2">Prince Edward Island</a>, and <a href="/facts/Quebec/4hhNvb4t">Quebec</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:299" href="#fn:299">299</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Canadian_Cancer_Society/qVVKE4hM">Canadian Cancer Society</a> – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:300" href="#fn:300">300</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Canadian_Paediatric_Society/9ED0JFJQ">Canadian Paediatric Society</a> – Funding. CPS is the organization that administers the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, Active (IMPACT) vaccine safety program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:301" href="#fn:301">301</a></li>
<li>Canadian Society of Internal Medicine – Annual conference sponsor with <a href="/facts/Bristol_Myers_Squibb/HK47xMNF">Bristol Myers Squibb</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:302" href="#fn:302">302</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Endocrine_Society/elmT4dVx">Endocrine Society</a> – Corporate Liaison Board member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:303" href="#fn:303">303</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/European_Society_of_Cardiology/VTRdyQ6c">European Society of Cardiology</a> – Sponsor of the EURObservational Research Programme.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:304" href="#fn:304">304</a></li>
<li>Spanish Cardiac Society – Strategic partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:305" href="#fn:305">305</a></li></ul>
<h3>Political lobbying</h3>
Pfizer is affiliated with a variety of industry organizations engaging in <a href="/facts/Lobbying_in_the_United_States/NgKqo1Ln">political lobbying</a>, and has made substantial direct donations to government and regulatory agencies:

<ul><li>Adult Vaccine Access Coalition – Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:306" href="#fn:306">306</a></li>
<li>Alliance for a Stronger FDA – Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:307" href="#fn:307">307</a></li>
<li>AMR Industry Alliance – Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:308" href="#fn:308">308</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/BIOTECanada/fnzY12yH">BIOTECanada</a> – Member company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:309" href="#fn:309">309</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:310" href="#fn:310">310</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bipartisan_Policy_Center/6IJJaIPN">Bipartisan Policy Center</a> – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:311" href="#fn:311">311</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/The_Business_Council/83N7MngY">The Business Council</a> – Member, represented by CEO <a href="/facts/Albert_Bourla/9CUBD29l">Albert Bourla</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:312" href="#fn:312">312</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/United_Nations_Foundation/261rElUr">Business Council for the United Nations</a> – Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:313" href="#fn:313">313</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Center_on_Budget_and_Policy_Priorities/grmn5YxC">Center on Budget and Policy Priorities</a> – Funder.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:314" href="#fn:314">314</a></li>
<li>Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA) – Partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:315" href="#fn:315">315</a></li>
<li>COVID-19 Vaccine Education and Equity Project – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:316" href="#fn:316">316</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/European_Federation_of_Pharmaceutical_Industries_and_Associations/btMusG9l">European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations</a> – Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:317" href="#fn:317">317</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Foundation_for_the_National_Institutes_of_Health/nwdfstJs">Foundation for the National Institutes of Health</a> (FNIH) – Donor. Pfizer has given between $5,000,000 and $9,999,999 to the between 1997 and 2020, contributing to funding the activities of the <a href="/facts/National_Institutes_of_Health/G3Eytfcc">National Institutes of Health</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:318" href="#fn:318">318</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Global_Health_Council/dRh0oIkc">Global Health Council</a> – Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:319" href="#fn:319">319</a></li>
<li>Immunisation Coalition (Australia) – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:320" href="#fn:320">320</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Innovative_Medicines_Canada/8now9u9s">Innovative Medicines Canada</a> – Member. IMC is an association of pharmaceutical companies doing business in Canada.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:321" href="#fn:321">321</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:322" href="#fn:322">322</a> The group lobbies the <a href="/facts/Government_of_Ontario/xmhw4mcu">Government of Ontario</a> and <a href="/facts/House_of_Commons_of_Canada/XAdyEgPs">House of Commons of Canada</a> through Rubicon Strategy, a firm owned by <a href="/facts/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Ontario/zoNTgpRR">Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario</a> campaign manager <a href="/facts/Kory_Teneycke/0M5qBC0c">Kory Teneycke</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:323" href="#fn:323">323</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:324" href="#fn:324">324</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:325" href="#fn:325">325</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/International_Federation_of_Pharmaceutical_Manufacturers_%2526_Associations/yaVG0rwf">International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations</a> (IFPMA) – Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:326" href="#fn:326">326</a></li>
<li>Life Sciences British Columbia (LSBC) – Member company and Platinum Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:327" href="#fn:327">327</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:328" href="#fn:328">328</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/National_Health_Council/qTbbe4cR">National Health Council</a> (NHC) – Member organization. NHC is a non-profit organization that lobbies the <a href="/facts/U.S._Government/VJCxUaf7">U.S. Government</a> on issues related to <a href="/facts/Healthcare_reform_in_the_United_States/m10Nyg3K">healthcare reform</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:329" href="#fn:329">329</a></li>
<li>National Pharmaceutical Council (NPC) – Member company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:330" href="#fn:330">330</a></li>
<li>Personalized Medicine Coalition (PMC) – Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:331" href="#fn:331">331</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:332" href="#fn:332">332</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Pharmaceutical_Advertising_Advisory_Board/5cIHF0qI">Pharmaceutical Advertising Advisory Board</a> (PAAB) – Client.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:333" href="#fn:333">333</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Pharmaceutical_Research_and_Manufacturers_of_America/Q9vsE54j">Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America</a> (PhRMA) – Member company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:334" href="#fn:334">334</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:335" href="#fn:335">335</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Reagan-Udall_Foundation/qTgPIKHl">Reagan-Udall Foundation for the Food and Drug Administration</a> – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:336" href="#fn:336">336</a></li>
<li>Research!America – Member organization.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:337" href="#fn:337">337</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/U.S._Global_Leadership_Coalition/5gUKHsCr">U.S. Global Leadership Coalition</a> – Member.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:338" href="#fn:338">338</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/World_Economic_Forum/91KlC7Cb">World Economic Forum</a> – Member organization.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:339" href="#fn:339">339</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:340" href="#fn:340">340</a></li></ul>
<a href="/facts/Scott_Gottlieb/WpSrCwUV">Scott Gottlieb</a>, who resigned as <a href="/facts/FDA_commissioner/CELrQcQK">FDA commissioner</a> in April 2019, joined the Pfizer <a href="/facts/Board_of_directors/CsTJqgeR">board of directors</a> three months later, in July 2019.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:341" href="#fn:341">341</a>
Pfizer lobbied various officials in the <a href="/facts/Government_of_British_Columbia/xBe3rIly">Government of British Columbia</a> between April and November 2012, including then-premier <a href="/facts/Christy_Clark/KKt57cba">Christy Clark</a>, future premier <a href="/facts/John_Horgan/YLvMW9X1">John Horgan</a>, future health minister <a href="/facts/Adrian_Dix/mJbs4jkI">Adrian Dix</a>, and future deputy premier, minister of public safety and solicitor general <a href="/facts/Mike_Farnworth/3x8xup0v">Mike Farnworth</a>. The disclosed purpose was to "provide health policy and pharmaceutical information and communications on behalf of Pfizer Canada," and "learn and understand the budgetary, policy and strategic directions of the Government."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:342" href="#fn:342">342</a>

<h3>Professional associations</h3>
<ul><li>Academy of Surgical Research (ASR) – 2021 Annual Meeting sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:343" href="#fn:343">343</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/American_Statistical_Association/QzF1h4Dx">American Statistical Association</a> (ASA) – Corporate supporter.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:344" href="#fn:344">344</a></li>
<li>Bioscience Association Manitoba (BAM) – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:345" href="#fn:345">345</a></li>
<li>British Columbia Pharmacy Association (BCPA) – Event sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:346" href="#fn:346">346</a></li>
<li>Canadian Association for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (CACMID) – Patron (former).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:347" href="#fn:347">347</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Canadian_Association_of_Emergency_Physicians/42TqNV6e">Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians</a> (CAEP) – Corporate partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:348" href="#fn:348">348</a></li>
<li>Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists – Annual meeting sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:349" href="#fn:349">349</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Canadian_Medical_Association/lQPDwlmL">Canadian Medical Association</a> – Sponsor. In 2009, Pfizer partnered with the CMA to launch a continuing medical education course for physicians.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:350" href="#fn:350">350</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Canadian_Pharmacists_Association/dTzdg7gt">Canadian Pharmacists Association</a> and <a href="/facts/Canadian_Pharmacists_Journal/VNNWAra7">Canadian Pharmacists Journal</a> – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:351" href="#fn:351">351</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Canadian_Public_Health_Association/qwvWLakT">Canadian Public Health Association</a> - Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:352" href="#fn:352">352</a></li>
<li>Canadian Rheumatology Association – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:353" href="#fn:353">353</a></li>
<li>Canadian Urological Association – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:354" href="#fn:354">354</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:355" href="#fn:355">355</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ontario_Medical_Association/H9s9wz30">Ontario Medical Association</a> (OMA) – Donor to the Ontario Medical Foundation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:356" href="#fn:356">356</a></li>
<li>Pharmacy Association of Nova Scotia – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:357" href="#fn:357">357</a></li></ul>
<h3>Public health</h3>
Pfizer has engaged in a number of <a href="/facts/Public_health/4563Kre9">public health</a> and <a href="/facts/Global_Health_Initiatives/F5Es9TnK">global health</a> initiatives worldwide, and provides funding for health care facilities of various specialties in <a href="/facts/Healthcare_in_Canada/K8aMhm6M">Canada</a> and the <a href="/facts/Healthcare_in_the_United_States/8bHwL8CX">United States</a>:

<ul><li>CANImmunize – Endorsing partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:358" href="#fn:358">358</a> CANImmunize is a <a href="/facts/Vaccine_passports_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic/6PsbUbl6">vaccine passport</a> software company funded primarily by the <a href="/facts/Public_Health_Agency_of_Canada/77oerrQC">Public Health Agency of Canada</a>, and partnered with governments, health agencies, academia and pharmaceutical companies across Canada.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Centre_for_Addiction_and_Mental_Health/FmIbMyhg">Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</a> – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:359" href="#fn:359">359</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dana%25E2%2580%2593Farber_Cancer_Institute/2Pw8QybB">Dana–Farber Cancer Institute</a> – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:360" href="#fn:360">360</a></li>
<li>Federation of Medical Women of Canada – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:361" href="#fn:361">361</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:362" href="#fn:362">362</a></li>
<li>Food Allergy Canada – Corporate partner, providing funding and advocacy support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:363" href="#fn:363">363</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:364" href="#fn:364">364</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Hospital_for_Sick_Children_(Toronto)/Uut2SWwS">Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids)</a> – Donor to the SickKids Foundation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:365" href="#fn:365">365</a></li>
<li>Medical Teams International – Corporate donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:366" href="#fn:366">366</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/North_Bay_Regional_Health_Center/EeLraKSW">North Bay Regional Health Center</a> – Donor to the NBRHC Foundation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:367" href="#fn:367">367</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Princess_Margaret_Cancer_Centre/XNkmzagc">Princess Margaret Cancer Centre</a> (PMCC) – Conference sponsor,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:368" href="#fn:368">368</a> and donor to the Princess Margaret Cancer Foundation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:369" href="#fn:369">369</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Scarborough_Health_Network/eltFIabx">Scarborough Health Network</a> (SHN) – Donor to the SHN Foundation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:370" href="#fn:370">370</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sinai_Health_System/TlW0XwDw">Sinai Health Foundation</a> – Donor. The foundation funds <a href="/facts/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Toronto)/QzXjBfo9">Mount Sinai Hospital</a>, <a href="/facts/Bridgepoint_Active_Healthcare/qd6EGEvm">Bridgepoint Active Healthcare</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum_Research_Institute/JpUUY3td">Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute</a> in <a href="/facts/Toronto/cnXH7881">Toronto</a>, <a href="/facts/Ontario/HUkxk5Rf">Ontario</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:371" href="#fn:371">371</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sunnybrook_Health_Sciences_Centre/pQKJRFmE">Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre</a> – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:372" href="#fn:372">372</a></li>
<li>University Hospitals Kingston Foundation – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:373" href="#fn:373">373</a> UHKF raises funds for the Kingston Health Sciences Centre and <a href="/facts/Providence_Care/Mv5fsH9W">Providence Care</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/William_Osler_Health_System/5bxgMvfl">William Osler Health System</a> – Event sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:374" href="#fn:374">374</a></li></ul>
Pfizer sponsored a presentation in January 2020 delivered by Julie Bettinger through <a href="/facts/British_Columbia/Ty3e3g1Q">British Columbia</a>'s <a href="/facts/Provincial_Health_Services_Authority/CrFsv7AH">Provincial Health Services Authority</a> (PHSA) titled "Vaccine hesitancy: It doesn't matter if the vaccine works if nobody gets it."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:375" href="#fn:375">375</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:376" href="#fn:376">376</a>
In 2020, Pfizer provided funding in the range of $100,000.00 – $250,000.00 to <a href="/facts/Ronald_McDonald_House_Charities/AMaRXzxT">Ronald McDonald House Charities</a> “to provide resources that directly improve the health and well-being of children and their families.”<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:377" href="#fn:377">377</a>

<h3>Research and development</h3>
Pfizer has partnered with and sponsored many medical research networks and professional associations in the United States, Canada and globally:

<ul><li>ABC Global Alliance – Main sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:378" href="#fn:378">378</a> The alliance is a Portuguese not-for-profit society supporting research into advanced breast cancer.</li>
<li>Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) – Industry partner.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/AdvaMed/NS1XCXI7">AdvaMed</a> – Member (former).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:379" href="#fn:379">379</a></li>
<li>Alliance for Regenerative Medicine – Member organization.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:380" href="#fn:380">380</a> The alliance is an international advocacy organization supporting the development of <a href="/facts/Regenerative_medicine/RplB5P22">regenerative medicines</a> including <a href="/facts/Gene_therapy/CaxRLfKM">gene therapy</a> and <a href="/facts/Stem-cell_therapy/dXme5FTo">stem-cell therapy</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Arthritis_Australia/yneGy9pj">Arthritis Australia</a> – Donor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:381" href="#fn:381">381</a></li>
<li>BioFIT – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:382" href="#fn:382">382</a> BioFIT holds events to connect academia, pharmaceutical companies, and investors in the field of <a href="/facts/Life_sciences/9HYkCgqe">life sciences</a> and <a href="/facts/Biotechnology/8eFnI6FB">biotechnology</a>.</li>
<li>Canadian Frailty Network – Industry partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:383" href="#fn:383">383</a> CFN has provided research grants related to <a href="/facts/COVID-19/YsUgvsaX">COVID-19</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:384" href="#fn:384">384</a></li>
<li>Colorectal Cancer Canada – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:385" href="#fn:385">385</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:386" href="#fn:386">386</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Drugs_for_Neglected_Diseases_Initiative/H8fqtHdY">Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative</a> – Partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:387" href="#fn:387">387</a> DNDI is a non-profit <a href="/facts/Drug_research_and_development/k34jgV4B">drug research and development</a> organization that expedites creation and delivery of medicines for diseases including <a href="/facts/Leishmaniasis/L5v8Thy1">leishmaniasis</a>, <a href="/facts/Sleeping_sickness/zuvUoRKC">sleeping sickness</a>, and <a href="/facts/Hepatitis_C/kwb7IIht">hepatitis C</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/GISAID/l0A8wnDh">GISAID</a> – Funding for COVID-19 operations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:388" href="#fn:388">388</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Heart_and_Stroke_Foundation_of_Canada/H8eQ8m4L">Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada</a> – National corporate partner and sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:389" href="#fn:389">389</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:390" href="#fn:390">390</a></li>
<li>Lung Health Foundation – Partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:391" href="#fn:391">391</a> Funds research into infectious lung disease and lobbying for policy changes.</li>
<li>Mentoring in IBD – Sponsor. Annual educational program for Canadian <a href="/facts/Gastroenterology/89aMlDF0">gastroenterologists</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:392" href="#fn:392">392</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mount_Sinai_Hospital_(Toronto)/QzXjBfo9">Mount Sinai Hospital (Toronto)</a> – Sponsor for research into <a href="/facts/Infectious_diseases/182XrncP">infectious diseases</a> such as <a href="/facts/COVID-19/YsUgvsaX">COVID-19</a> through educational grants.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:393" href="#fn:393">393</a></li>
<li>Nova Scotia Chronic Pain Collaborative Care Network – Investment in Canadian health research.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:394" href="#fn:394">394</a></li>
<li>Ontario Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) – Research grants.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:395" href="#fn:395">395</a></li>
<li>Pinnacle Research Group – Sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:396" href="#fn:396">396</a></li>
<li>Radcliffe Cardiology – Industry partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:397" href="#fn:397">397</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Truth_Initiative/VcEfUU4v">Truth Initiative</a> – Featured partner.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:398" href="#fn:398">398</a> The initiative performs research and policy studies related to the reduction of tobacco use in youth.</li></ul>
<h3>The Pfizer Award</h3>
The Pfizer Award, established in 1958 by Pfizer, Inc., recognizes exceptional books on the history of science. The prize includes a medal and $2,500. Eligible books must be published in English within the three years preceding the competition year (e.g., for 2024, books from 2021–2023). Edited volumes and books with more than two authors are excluded, though multi-volume works by one or two authors may qualify once all volumes are published. While books with themes in medicine or technology may be considered, the award prioritizes works focused on the history of science. The prize is not divided between multiple books.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:399" href="#fn:399">399</a>

<h3>The Royal Society Pfizer Award/The Royal Society Africa Prize</h3>
The Royal Society Pfizer Award, established in 2006 with support from Pfizer Inc., recognized African research scientists contributing innovatively to biological and basic medical sciences, with a focus on capacity building in Africa. Recipients received a bronze medal, £1,000, and an £11,000 research grant for a project affiliated with an African scientific institution, such as a university or research center. The award was last presented in 2016 and has since been replaced by the Royal Society Africa Prize.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:400" href="#fn:400">400</a>

<h3>Philanthropy</h3>
<h4>The Pfizer Foundation</h4>
The Pfizer Foundation, established in 1953, is a charitable organization dedicated to building healthier communities worldwide. It operates independently of Pfizer Inc., with its mission centered on addressing global health challenges, supporting urgent health needs, and empowering Pfizer employees to create meaningful impacts in their communities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:401" href="#fn:401">401</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:402" href="#fn:402">402</a>
The foundation also supports specific initiatives such as improving breast cancer care in <a href="/facts/Rwanda/UKR5UdKy">Rwanda</a>, empowering women and driving progress through Integrated Health Services in <a href="/facts/Benin/G98jPhND">Benin</a>, addressing vaccine access for zero-dose children in <a href="/facts/Nigeria/gbW17BX8">Nigeria</a>, and collaborating with organizations like <a href="/facts/Direct_Relief/rm6WBSWU">Direct Relief</a> to strengthen healthcare providers in the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:403" href="#fn:403">403</a>

<h3>Pfizer's Global Recognitions</h3>
Pfizer has received numerous accolades and recognitions worldwide for its efforts in fostering an inclusive and equitable work environment beside the pharmaceutical activities. 
In the United States, Pfizer earned a 100% score from the <a href="/facts/Human_Rights_Campaign/S5ebYhLe">Human Rights Campaign</a> (2025) on the Corporate Equality Index for <a href="/facts/LGBTQ/WhVPgNDn">LGBTQ</a> workplace equality <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:404" href="#fn:404">404</a> and ranked highly in the Hispanic Association on Corporate Responsibility (2024) Corporate Inclusion Index. Pfizer was named a “Best Place to Work for Disability Inclusion” in the Disability Equality Index (2024) and received awards such as Top Diverse Employer, Top Hispanic Employer, and Top Disability-Friendly Company by DiversityComm, Inc. (2024). Other recognitions include being named one of "America's Greatest Workplaces" by <a href="/facts/Newsweek/ClFEs5So">Newsweek</a> (2023),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:405" href="#fn:405">405</a> Clinical Trials Arena Excellence Awards 2023, inclusion in the top 10 of the “World’s Most Admired Companies” by Fortune (2023), and being listed as a Top Employer for Diversity and Best Employer for Women by Forbes (2022). Pfizer was also recognized as a “Best Place to Work” by <a href="/facts/Glassdoor/ykGaUUoN">Glassdoor</a> (2021) and a Top Employer by Science (2021) for its practices during the pandemic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:406" href="#fn:406">406</a>

<h3>Pfizer For All</h3>
Pfizer has introduced PfizerForAll, a digital platform designed to streamline access to healthcare and wellness resources in the United States. The platform supports individuals with common conditions like the flu, COVID-19, and migraines, as well as those seeking adult vaccinations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:407" href="#fn:407">407</a> It integrates services such as same-day access to healthcare professionals, home delivery of prescriptions and diagnostic tests, appointment scheduling, and financial assistance for Pfizer medications. Partnering with organizations like UpScriptHealth, Alto Pharmacy, and <a href="/facts/Instacart/8yEe1LmT">Instacart</a>, PfizerForAll aims to simplify tasks like prescription fulfillment and accessing savings programs. Pfizer plans to expand the platform to address a wider range of healthcare needs and enhance user experience.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:408" href="#fn:408">408</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:409" href="#fn:409">409</a>

<h2 id="corporate-affairs">Corporate affairs</h2>
<h3>Board of directors</h3>
As of December 2024, the company's <a href="/facts/Board_of_directors/CsTJqgeR">board</a> consisted of the following directors:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:410" href="#fn:410">410</a>

<ul><li>Ronald E. Blaylock, Managing Partner of GenNx360 Capital Partners</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Albert_Bourla/9CUBD29l">Albert Bourla</a>, CEO of Pfizer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mortimer_J._Buckley/V0QYTKBf">Mortimer J. Buckley</a>, former CEO of <a href="/facts/The_Vanguard_Group/3yK3xrfU">The Vanguard Group</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sue_Desmond-Hellmann/wCy8Pt1K">Sue Desmond-Hellmann</a>, former CEO of <a href="/facts/The_Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation/IW7prjCH">The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a></li>
<li>Joseph J. Echevarria, former CEO of <a href="/facts/Deloitte_LLP/PrG29xtM">Deloitte LLP</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Scott_Gottlieb/WpSrCwUV">Scott Gottlieb</a>, former <a href="/facts/Commissioner_of_Food_and_Drugs/CELrQcQK">Commissioner</a> of the <a href="/facts/Food_and_Drug_Administration/rCEnh9WB">FDA</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Helen_Hobbs/V94tH21Y">Helen Hobbs</a>, Professor at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Texas_Southwestern_Medical_Center/gnjWtzA3">University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Susan_Hockfield/2F3CjnCm">Susan Hockfield</a>, <a href="/facts/List_of_presidents_of_the_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology/Q7GfRDP2">16th President</a> of the <a href="/facts/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology/Xk49vNA8">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dan_Littman/o2bzYXah">Dan Littman</a>, professor of Molecular Immunology at <a href="/facts/New_York_University/4UnIkThy">New York University</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Shantanu_Narayen/rRRngazE">Shantanu Narayen</a>, CEO of <a href="/facts/Adobe_Inc./Bj1d5XvJ">Adobe</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Suzanne_Nora_Johnson/wCsWlCVv">Suzanne Nora Johnson</a>, former Vice Chairman of <a href="/facts/Goldman_Sachs/cKeyh6CP">Goldman Sachs</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/James_Quincey/UK7BLGat">James Quincey</a>, CEO of <a href="/facts/The_Coca-Cola_Company/Bp12JHWb">The Coca-Cola Company</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/James_C._Smith_(businessman)/vPuHaHI0">James C. Smith</a>, former CEO of <a href="/facts/Thomson_Reuters/GPIlfqa2">Thomson Reuters</a></li>
<li>Cyrus Taraporevala, former President and CEO of <a href="/facts/State_Street_Global_Advisors/WUTrC9Ex">State Street Global Advisor</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="ownership">Ownership</h2>
As of November 30, 2024, the largest shareholders of Pfizer were:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:411" href="#fn:411">411</a>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/The_Vanguard_Group/3yK3xrfU">The Vanguard Group</a> (9.11%)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/BlackRock/bQWj1qcj">BlackRock</a> (7.69%)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/State_Street_Corporation/fRbAPUpN">State Street</a> (5.13%)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Wellington_Management_Group/WHpbvDM3">Wellington Management Group</a> (2.89%)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Charles_Schwab_Corporation/tVpyMcVP">Charles Schwab Corporation</a> (2.30%)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Geode_Capital_Management/tXCfnQ25">Geode Capital Management</a> (2.08%)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Norges_Bank/kz0esakN">Norges Bank</a> (1.48%)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Morgan_Stanley/7obWgtJF">Morgan Stanley</a> (1.38%)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Massachusetts_Financial_Services/7fIL3IUf">Massachusetts Financial Services</a> (1.26%)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/State_Farm/6abgd1fB">State Farm</a> (0.96%)</li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>New York City portal</li><li>Companies portal</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Biotech_and_pharmaceutical_companies_in_the_New_York_metropolitan_area/eynBP6LT">Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New York metropolitan area</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Companies_of_the_United_States_with_untaxed_profits/lPscXwmT">Companies of the United States with untaxed profits</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Fire_in_the_Blood_(2013_film)/BSmA6gDz">Fire in the Blood (2013 film)</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/List_of_pharmaceutical_companies/6Do5vAp2">List of pharmaceutical companies</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
 Media related to Pfizer at Wikimedia Commons

<ul><li><a href="https://www.pfizer.com/">Official website</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary?id=D000000138">Pfizer</a> on <a href="/facts/OpenSecrets/oCR0Gqkd">OpenSecrets</a>, a website that tracks and publishes data on campaign finance and lobbying </li>
<li>Business data for Pfizer Inc.: <ul><li><a href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/PFE">Google</a></li><li><a href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=PFE">SEC filings</a></li><li><a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/PFE">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<a href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pfizer¶ms=40.7553_N_73.9996_W_">40°45′19″N 73°59′59″W / 40.7553°N 73.9996°W / 40.7553; -73.9996</a>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Wells, John C. (2008), Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.), Longman, ISBN 9781405881180 <a href="9781405881180" target="_blank">9781405881180</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Pfizer Inc. 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 22, 2024. <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/78003/000007800324000039/pfe-20231231.htm" target="_blank">https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/78003/000007800324000039/pfe-20231231.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Pfizer Inc. 2023 Form 10-K Annual Report". U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. February 22, 2024. <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/78003/000007800324000039/pfe-20231231.htm" target="_blank">https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/78003/000007800324000039/pfe-20231231.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Pfizer, Inc". Saxo. Retrieved April 7, 2025. <a href="https://www.home.saxo/products/stocks/popular/pfizer" target="_blank">https://www.home.saxo/products/stocks/popular/pfizer</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Pfizer Inc. (PFE)". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved February 10, 2025. <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/PFE/profile" target="_blank">https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/PFE/profile</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"Fortune 500: Pfizer". Fortune. <a href="https://fortune.com/company/pfizer/fortune500/" target="_blank">https://fortune.com/company/pfizer/fortune500/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"Top 10 Pharma Companies in the US by Market Capitalization". globaldata.com. Retrieved February 10, 2025. <a href="https://www.globaldata.com/companies/top-companies-by-sector/healthcare/us-companies-by-market-cap/#:~:text=Showing%2010%20out%20of%2025,of%20Mar%2031%2C%202023)" target="_blank">https://www.globaldata.com/companies/top-companies-by-sector/healthcare/us-companies-by-market-cap/#:~:text=Showing%2010%20out%20of%2025,of%20Mar%2031%2C%202023)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"Pfizer Inc.". International Directory of Company Histories. Vol. 178. St. James Press. 2016. pp. 362–373. ISBN 978-1-4103-9198-8. <a href="978-1-4103-9198-8" target="_blank">978-1-4103-9198-8</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. The New York Historical Society; Yale University Press; September 1995. P. 895. ISBN 978-0-300-05536-8 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"Pfizer's Birthplace, Soon Without Pfizer". The New York Times. January 28, 2007. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/nyregion/28pfizer.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/nyregion/28pfizer.html</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:382">"We are very honoured to count Pfizer among the Sponsors of BioFIT 2021". BioFIT 2022 -GB. November 29, 2021. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2022. <a href="https://www.biofit-event.com/we-are-very-honoured-to-count-pfizer-among-the-sponsors-of-biofit-2021/" target="_blank">https://www.biofit-event.com/we-are-very-honoured-to-count-pfizer-among-the-sponsors-of-biofit-2021/</a> <a href="#fnref:382" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:383">"Industry and Association Partners". Canadian Frailty Network. Archived from the original on March 28, 2022. Retrieved March 28, 2022. <a href="https://www.cfn-nce.ca/get-involved/our-partners/industry-and-association-partners/" target="_blank">https://www.cfn-nce.ca/get-involved/our-partners/industry-and-association-partners/</a> <a href="#fnref:383" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:385">"Our Partnerships". Colorectal Cancer Canada. 2021. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022. <a href="https://www.colorectalcancercanada.com/what-we-do/our-partnerships/" target="_blank">https://www.colorectalcancercanada.com/what-we-do/our-partnerships/</a> <a href="#fnref:385" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:386">"In Conversation with Barry Stein". Pfizer Canada. February 28, 2022. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022. <a href="https://www.pfizer.ca/conversation-barry-stein" target="_blank">https://www.pfizer.ca/conversation-barry-stein</a> <a href="#fnref:386" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:387">"Our partners". Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative -GB. April 24, 2020. Archived from the original on June 3, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022. <a href="https://dndi.org/partnerships/industry-partners/" target="_blank">https://dndi.org/partnerships/industry-partners/</a> <a href="#fnref:387" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:388">"Grants and Donations". GISAID. 2022. Archived from the original on June 20, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022. <a href="https://www.gisaid.org/about-us/grants-and-donations/" target="_blank">https://www.gisaid.org/about-us/grants-and-donations/</a> <a href="#fnref:388" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:389">"Our partners". Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. Archived from the original on May 9, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022. <a href="https://www.heartandstroke.ca/en/what-we-do/partners/" target="_blank">https://www.heartandstroke.ca/en/what-we-do/partners/</a> <a href="#fnref:389" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:391">"Our Partners". Lung Health Foundation. Archived from the original on June 9, 2022. Retrieved June 9, 2022. <a href="https://lunghealth.ca/our-partners/" target="_blank">https://lunghealth.ca/our-partners/</a> <a href="#fnref:391" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:393">"COVID-19 Cohort Study (CCS): Study of the epidemiology of COVID-19 in healthcare workers and their households". TIBDN: Toronto Invasive Bacterial Diseases Network. Archived from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022. <a href="https://www.tibdn.ca/covid-19/sinai" target="_blank">https://www.tibdn.ca/covid-19/sinai</a> <a href="#fnref:393" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:394">"Response Package HTH-2015-51828" (PDF). Government of British Columbia. February 12, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022. <a href="http://docs.openinfo.gov.bc.ca/Response_Package_HTH-2015-51828.pdf" target="_blank">http://docs.openinfo.gov.bc.ca/Response_Package_HTH-2015-51828.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:394" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:395">Ganton, Jennifer (October 22, 2015). "Drugs commonly used in kidney transplant patients not as effective as previously thought". Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. Archived from the original on May 13, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022. <a href="https://www.ohri.ca//newsroom/story/view/622?l=en" target="_blank">https://www.ohri.ca//newsroom/story/view/622?l=en</a> <a href="#fnref:395" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:396">"Sponsors and CRO's". Pinnacle Research Group. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2022. <a href="http://www.pinnacletrials.com/sponsors/" target="_blank">http://www.pinnacletrials.com/sponsors/</a> <a href="#fnref:396" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:397">"A-Z". Radcliffe Cardiology. 2022. Archived from the original on June 12, 2022. Retrieved July 1, 2022. <a href="https://www.radcliffecardiology.com/products-services/a-z" target="_blank">https://www.radcliffecardiology.com/products-services/a-z</a> <a href="#fnref:397" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:398">"Featured partnerships". Truth Initiative. 2022. Archived from the original on July 21, 2022. Retrieved July 21, 2022. <a href="https://truthinitiative.org/what-we-do/partnerships/featured-partnerships" target="_blank">https://truthinitiative.org/what-we-do/partnerships/featured-partnerships</a> <a href="#fnref:398" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:399">"Pfizer Award". hssonline.org/page. Retrieved March 25, 2025. <a href="https://hssonline.org/page/pfizeraward" target="_blank">https://hssonline.org/page/pfizeraward</a> <a href="#fnref:399" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:400">"Royal Society Pfizer Award". The Royal Society. Retrieved April 7, 2025. <a href="https://royalsociety.org/medals-and-prizes/pfizer-award/" target="_blank">https://royalsociety.org/medals-and-prizes/pfizer-award/</a> <a href="#fnref:400" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:401">"The Pfizer Foundation". Devex. Retrieved February 1, 2025. <a href="https://www.devex.com/organizations/the-pfizer-foundation-108612" target="_blank">https://www.devex.com/organizations/the-pfizer-foundation-108612</a> <a href="#fnref:401" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:403">"Direct Relief and The Pfizer Foundation Support 19 Programs to Improve Infectious Disease Care in the United States". Direct Relief. Retrieved March 21, 2025. <a href="https://www.directrelief.org/2023/08/direct-relief-and-the-pfizer-foundation-support-19-programs-to-improve-infectious-disease-care-in-the-united-states/" target="_blank">https://www.directrelief.org/2023/08/direct-relief-and-the-pfizer-foundation-support-19-programs-to-improve-infectious-disease-care-in-the-united-states/</a> <a href="#fnref:403" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:410">"Board Member". www.pfizer.com. Retrieved December 16, 2024. <a href="https://www.pfizer.com/people/leadership/board_of_directors" target="_blank">https://www.pfizer.com/people/leadership/board_of_directors</a> <a href="#fnref:410" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:411">"Top Institutional Holders". Yahoo!Finance. <a href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/PFE/holders/" target="_blank">https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/PFE/holders/</a> <a href="#fnref:411" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

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