Robert H. Grubbs

<h2 id="early-life-and-education">Early life and education</h2>
Grubbs was born on February 27, 1942, on a farm in <a href="/facts/Marshall_County%2c_Kentucky/SLLelj3a">Marshall County, Kentucky</a>, midway between <a href="/facts/Possum_Trot%2c_Kentucky/TeAdWDr6">Possum Trot</a> and <a href="/facts/Calvert_City%2c_Kentucky/17Y4W05a">Calvert City</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> His parents were Howard and Faye (Atwood) Grubbs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> Faye was a schoolteacher. After serving in <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>, the family moved to <a href="/facts/Paducah%2c_Kentucky/UadTnlu3">Paducah, Kentucky</a>, where Howard trained as a diesel mechanic, and Robert attended <a href="/facts/Paducah_Tilghman_High_School/fPmdvgrJ">Paducah Tilghman High School</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
At the <a href="/facts/University_of_Florida/zGg0HXXs">University of Florida</a>, Grubbs initially intended to study agriculture chemistry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> However, he was convinced by professor <a href="/facts/Merle_Battiste/Ln0Bd5co">Merle A. Battiste</a> to switch to organic chemistry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a> Working with Battiste, he became interested in how chemical reactions occur.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> He received his <a href="/facts/B._S./9n3gvDf7">B.S.</a> in 1963 and <a href="/facts/M._S./5xKwvXjm">M.S.</a> in 1965 from the University of Florida.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>
Next, Grubbs attended <a href="/facts/Columbia_University/Hlf1gw53">Columbia University</a>, where he worked with <a href="/facts/Ronald_Breslow/1PNH70wj">Ronald Breslow</a> on organometallic compounds which contain carbon-metal bonds. Grubbs received his <a href="/facts/Ph.D./paJumdN8">Ph.D.</a> in 1968.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>

<h2 id="career">Career</h2>
Grubbs worked with <a href="/facts/James_P._Collman/hHMqK3GN">James Collman</a> at <a href="/facts/Stanford_University/JEQeF9z2">Stanford University</a> as a <a href="/facts/National_Institutes_of_Health/G3Eytfcc">National Institutes of Health</a> fellow during 1968–1969. With Collman, he began to systematically investigate catalytic processes in organometallic chemistry, a then relatively new area of research.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>
In 1969, Grubbs was appointed to the faculty of <a href="/facts/Michigan_State_University/faLD1NUz">Michigan State University</a>, where he began his work on olefin metathesis. Harold Hart, Gerasimos J. Karabatsos, Gene LeGoff, Don Farnum, Bill Reusch and Pete Wagner served as his early mentors at MSU.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a> Grubbs was an assistant professor from 1969 to 1973, and an associate professor from 1973 to 1978.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> He received a <a href="/facts/Alfred_P._Sloan_Fellowship/t1GjMd2r">Sloan Fellowship</a> for 1974–1976.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> In 1975, he went to the <a href="/facts/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Coal_Research/IsQqsrv2">Max Planck Institute for Coal Research</a> in <a href="/facts/M%25C3%25BClheim/ANmzRprX">Mülheim</a>, Germany, on a fellowship from the <a href="/facts/Alexander_von_Humboldt_Foundation/gKPUnVfg">Alexander von Humboldt Foundation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>
In 1978, Grubbs moved to <a href="/facts/California_Institute_of_Technology/3FPcp7BL">California Institute of Technology</a> as a professor of chemistry. As of 1990 he became the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a>
As of 2021, Grubbs has an <a href="/facts/H-index/K9q5E93W">h-index</a> of 160 according to <a href="/facts/Google_Scholar/FhEwS2QM">Google Scholar</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> and of 137 according to <a href="/facts/Scopus/4U5YtGXd">Scopus</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>

<h3>Commercial activities</h3>
Both first and second generation Grubbs catalysts were commercially available from Materia, a startup company that Grubbs co-founded with Mike Giardello in <a href="/facts/Pasadena%2c_California/Y6AEEI03">Pasadena, California</a>, in 1998.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> Materia has been able to obtain exclusive rights to manufacture many of the known olefin catalysts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a> Under Giardello, Materia was able to sell their catalysts through <a href="/facts/Sigma-Aldrich/zD2jRqQp">Sigma-Aldrich</a>'s chemicals catalogue. Sigma-Aldrich became their exclusive worldwide provider.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> In 2008, Materia partnered with <a href="/facts/Cargill/XGEuIg3h">Cargill</a> to form Elevance Renewable Sciences to produce specialty chemicals from renewable oils,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> including <a href="/facts/Biofuels/RWu7b6Y3">biofuels</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> In 2017, Materia sold its catalyst business to <a href="/facts/Umicore/QlSlLC0H">Umicore</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> In 2021, Materia was acquired by <a href="/facts/ExxonMobil/0qXyFrM4">ExxonMobil</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>
Grubbs was a member of the Reliance Innovation Council formed by <a href="/facts/Reliance_Industries_Limited/4aPz6JEV">Reliance Industries Limited</a>, India.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
Grubbs was a member of the <a href="/facts/USA_Science_and_Engineering_Festival/cgz79Ghm">USA Science and Engineering Festival</a>'s advisory board.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a>

<h2 id="research">Research</h2>
Grubbs's main research interests were in <a href="/facts/Organometallic_chemistry/bhqFz2P0">organometallic chemistry</a> and <a href="/facts/Organic_chemistry/djxhxaNg">synthetic chemistry</a>, particularly the development of novel catalysts for <a href="/facts/Olefin_metathesis/6G4u1ray">olefin metathesis</a>. In olefin metathesis, a catalyst is used to break the bonds of carbon molecules, which can then re-form to create chemical bonds in new ways, producing new compounds with unique properties.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> The basic technique can be used for creation of polymers, pharmaceuticals and petrochemicals<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> and has broad applications in areas including <a href="/facts/Pharmaceuticals/h9mhwWP2">pharmaceuticals</a>, <a href="/facts/Biotechnology/8eFnI6FB">biotechnology</a>, agriculture, and plastics.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a>
Grubbs was instrumental in developing a family of <a href="/facts/Ruthenium/uzCm4ufn">ruthenium</a> catalysts, including <a href="/facts/Grubbs_catalyst/JtoGr3Qv">Grubbs catalyst</a> for <a href="/facts/Olefin_metathesis/6G4u1ray">olefin metathesis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> He studied olefin transformations for <a href="/facts/Ring-closing_metathesis/QSe3VFDY">ring-closing metathesis</a> (RCM),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a> cross-metathesis reaction (CMR),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> and <a href="/facts/Ring-opening_metathesis_polymerization/eJ8EUTJx">ring-opening metathesis polymerization</a> (ROMP) with cyclic olefins such as <a href="/facts/Norbornene/8DMDxy1P">norbornene</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> He also contributed to the development of "<a href="/facts/Living_polymerization/wUyVN7zv">living polymerization</a>", in which the termination ability of a polymerization reaction is removed. The polymer will continue to replicate until a quenching agent is presented.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a>
The Grubbs group successfully polymerized the 7-oxo norbornene derivative using <a href="/facts/Ruthenium_trichloride/oB6TSw4H">ruthenium trichloride</a>, osmium trichloride as well as tungsten alkylidenes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> They identified a Ru(II) carbene as an effective metal center and in 1992 published the first well-defined, ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalyst, (PPh3)2Cl2Ru=CHCH=CPh2.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a>

The corresponding <a href="/facts/Tricyclohexylphosphine/1blVDvoP">tricyclohexylphosphine</a> complex (PCy3)2Cl2Ru=CHCH=CPh2 was also shown to be active.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a> This work culminated in the now commercially available first-generation <a href="/facts/Grubbs_catalyst/JtoGr3Qv">Grubbs catalyst</a> in 1995.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> Second generation catalysts were developed as well.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a>
Ruthenium is stable in air and has higher selectivity and lower reactivity than <a href="/facts/Molybdenum/RX6vp2bF">molybdenum</a>, the most promising of the previously discovered catalysts. In addition, Grubbs took a <a href="/facts/Green_chemistry/7csVY28w">green chemistry</a> approach to catalysis that reduced the potential to create hazardous waste. The <a href="/facts/Grubbs_catalyst/JtoGr3Qv">Grubbs catalyst</a> has become a standard for general metathesis applications in ordinary laboratories.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a>
By controlling the catalyst used, it became possible to synthesize polymers with specialized structures and functional capabilities, including cyclic olefins, alternating copolymers, and multiblock copolymers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a> Using catalysts allows chemists to speed up chemical transformations and to lower the cost of what were previously complicated multi-step industrial processes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a>

<h2 id="personal-life">Personal life</h2>
While at Columbia University, Grubbs also met his future wife, Helen O'Kane, a special-education teacher, with whom he had three children: Barney (born 1972), Brendan H. (born 1974) and Kathleen (Katy) (born 1977).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a>
Grubbs died from a heart attack at the <a href="/facts/City_of_Hope_National_Medical_Center/jCR06v7r">City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center</a> in <a href="/facts/Duarte%2c_California/qSjnkqBm">Duarte, California</a>, on December 19, 2021, at age 79.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> At the time of his death, he was being treated for <a href="/facts/Lymphoma/418wcMEl">lymphoma</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a>

<h2 id="awards-and-honors">Awards and honors</h2>
Grubbs received the 2005 <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>, along with <a href="/facts/Richard_R._Schrock/ad4XdIw5">Richard R. Schrock</a> and <a href="/facts/Yves_Chauvin/Ftgeqng5">Yves Chauvin</a>, for his work in the field of olefin metathesis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a> He has received a number of other awards and honors, including the following:

<ul><li>1989: <a href="/facts/United_States_National_Academy_of_Sciences/M3oePVeG">National Academy of Sciences</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></li>
<li>1994: <a href="/facts/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences/KptWYgz4">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></li>
<li>2000: <a href="/facts/The_Franklin_Institute_Awards/dKvADw1b">Benjamin Franklin Medal</a> in Chemistry from the <a href="/facts/Franklin_Institute/vD7Sj6Kk">Franklin Institute</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a></li>
<li>2000: ACS Herman F. Mark Polymer Chemistry Award<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a></li>
<li>2001: ACS Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a></li>
<li>2002: <a href="/facts/Tolman_Medal/PWuNf4rq">Tolman Medal</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a></li>
<li>2002: <a href="/facts/Arthur_C._Cope_Award/UorSjD0a">Arthur C. Cope Award</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></li>
<li>2003: <a href="/facts/Tetrahedron_Prize/g4XsPpsJ">Tetrahedron Prize</a> for Creativity in Organic Chemistry & BioMedicinal Chemistry (with <a href="/facts/Dieter_Seebach/gn6eAFQ8">Dieter Seebach</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a></li>
<li>2005: <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (with <a href="/facts/Richard_R._Schrock/ad4XdIw5">Richard R. Schrock</a> and <a href="/facts/Yves_Chauvin/Ftgeqng5">Yves Chauvin</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a></li>
<li>2005: Honorary <a href="/facts/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Chemistry/XBwDJpYr">Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a></li>
<li>2005: <a href="/facts/Paul_Karrer_Gold_Medal/r0x1UBH5">Paul Karrer Gold Medal</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a></li>
<li>2006: Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/facts/Academy_of_Achievement/JLFsXAjM">American Academy of Achievement</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a></li>
<li>2009: <a href="/facts/Fellow/DLThQbkq">Fellow</a> of the <a href="/facts/American_Chemical_Society/Alf3uhaF">American Chemical Society</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a></li>
<li>2010: <a href="/facts/American_Institute_of_Chemists_Gold_Medal/Pv2VtzVl">American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a></li>
<li>2015: Inducted into the Florida Inventors Hall of Fame<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a></li>
<li>2013: <a href="/facts/National_Academy_of_Inventors/YLq8txmW">National Academy of Inventors</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a></li>
<li>2015: <a href="/facts/National_Academy_of_Engineering/6RCqfvXM">National Academy of Engineering</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a></li>
<li>2015: <a href="/facts/Chinese_Academy_of_Sciences/zzHb3yVm">Chinese Academy of Sciences</a> (foreign academician)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a></li>
<li>2017: <a href="/facts/Ira_Remsen_Award/p7UICqzz">Ira Remsen Award</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a></li>
<li>2017: <a href="/facts/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2017/v8wNA1xw">Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="publications">Publications</h2>
<ul><li>Grubbs, Robert (2003). Handbook of Metathesis. Weinheim, Germany; Chichester, England: Wiley-VCH John Wiley distributor. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-3-527-30616-9. <a href="/facts/OCLC_(identifier)/Yqad8waq">OCLC</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/52485738">52485738</a>.</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/press.html">"Press Release, 5 October 2005"</a>. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org.</li>
<li><a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/795">Robert H. Grubbs</a> on Nobelprize.org </li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal". Science History Institute. March 22, 2018. <a href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/american-institute-of-chemists-gold-medal" target="_blank">https://www.sciencehistory.org/american-institute-of-chemists-gold-medal</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Press Release, 5 October 2005". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/press.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/press.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Lanxess rubber employs Materia catalysts". Chemical & Engineering News. 84 (34): 23. August 21, 2006. Retrieved January 9, 2018. <a href="https://cen.acs.org/articles/84/i34/Lanxess-rubber-employs-Materia-catalysts.html?type=paidArticleContent" target="_blank">https://cen.acs.org/articles/84/i34/Lanxess-rubber-employs-Materia-catalysts.html?type=paidArticleContent</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Jackson Purchase Nobel Laureate". Jackson Purchase Historical Society. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://jacksonpurchasehistory.org/2010/12/13/jackson-purchase-nobel-laureate/" target="_blank">http://jacksonpurchasehistory.org/2010/12/13/jackson-purchase-nobel-laureate/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Robert H. Grubbs – Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City and in others Possum Trot. I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"Jackson Purchase Nobel Laureate". Jackson Purchase Historical Society. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://jacksonpurchasehistory.org/2010/12/13/jackson-purchase-nobel-laureate/" target="_blank">http://jacksonpurchasehistory.org/2010/12/13/jackson-purchase-nobel-laureate/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">History and Families, McCracken County, Kentucky, 1824–1989. Turner Publishing Company. December 22, 1989. ISBN 9780938021360. Retrieved December 22, 2021 – via Google Books. <a href="9780938021360" target="_blank">9780938021360</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"Jackson Purchase Nobel Laureate". Jackson Purchase Historical Society. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://jacksonpurchasehistory.org/2010/12/13/jackson-purchase-nobel-laureate/" target="_blank">http://jacksonpurchasehistory.org/2010/12/13/jackson-purchase-nobel-laureate/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Robert H. Grubbs – Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City and in others Possum Trot. I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"Nobel laureate Robert Grubbs dies at 79". cen.acs.org. Retrieved December 22, 2021. <a href="https://cen.acs.org/people/obituaries/Nobel-laureate-Robert-Grubbs-dies/99/web/2021/12" target="_blank">https://cen.acs.org/people/obituaries/Nobel-laureate-Robert-Grubbs-dies/99/web/2021/12</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Janine Young, Sikes (October 6, 2005). "A Gator wins Nobel in chemistry". The Gainesville Sun. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421170934/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160421170934/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Robert H. Grubbs – Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City and in others Possum Trot. I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">Janine Young, Sikes (October 6, 2005). "A Gator wins Nobel in chemistry". The Gainesville Sun. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421170934/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160421170934/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Doerfler, Andrew (December 20, 2021). "UF Mourns the Passing of Robert H. Grubbs, Nobel-Winning Alumnus". News – College of Liberal Arts & Sciences. Retrieved December 22, 2021. <a href="https://news.clas.ufl.edu/uf-clas-mourns-the-passing-of-robert-h-grubbs-nobel-winning-alumnus/" target="_blank">https://news.clas.ufl.edu/uf-clas-mourns-the-passing-of-robert-h-grubbs-nobel-winning-alumnus/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Grubbs, Robert Howard (1968). I. Cyclebutadiene Derivatives II. Studies of Cyclooctatetraene Iron Tricarbonyl Complexes (PhD thesis). Columbia University. ProQuest 302317287. (subscription required) <a href="/wiki/ProQuest" target="_blank">/wiki/ProQuest</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"Robert H. Grubbs – Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City and in others Possum Trot. I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">"Robert H. Grubbs – Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City and in others Possum Trot. I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Robert H. Grubbs – Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City and in others Possum Trot. I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"Robert H. Grubbs PhD " Leadership Board". Department of Chemistry, University of Florida. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="https://www.chem.ufl.edu/about-all/directory/people/name/robert-grubbs/" target="_blank">https://www.chem.ufl.edu/about-all/directory/people/name/robert-grubbs/</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"Nobel Laureates". Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="https://sloan.org/fellowships/nobel-laureates" target="_blank">https://sloan.org/fellowships/nobel-laureates</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"Chemistry Nobel Prize for two Humboldtians". The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. October 5, 2005. Archived from the original on November 14, 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224227/https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/33300.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224227/https://www.humboldt-foundation.de/web/33300.html</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"Robert H. Grubbs American chemist". Encyclopædia Britannica. April 26, 2024. <a href="http://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-H-Grubbs" target="_blank">http://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-H-Grubbs</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"2002 Robert H. Grubbs, Caltech". Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society. July 20, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://scalacs.org/?page_id=1089" target="_blank">http://scalacs.org/?page_id=1089</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">Robert H. Grubbs publications indexed by Google Scholar
 <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lukr7eoAAAAJ" target="_blank">https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lukr7eoAAAAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Robert H. Grubbs publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required) <a href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=36047111100" target="_blank">https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=36047111100</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">Notman, Nina (January 28, 2015). "Grubbs catalyst". Chemistry World. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2015/01/grubbs-catalyst-olefin-metathesis-podcast" target="_blank">http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2015/01/grubbs-catalyst-olefin-metathesis-podcast</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Industry's Secret Ingredient". Caltech News. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910110435/https://innovation.caltech.edu/content/industrys-secret-ingredient" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150910110435/https://innovation.caltech.edu/content/industrys-secret-ingredient</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"Leading Innovation in Catalysis". Materia. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="http://www.materia-inc.com/technology/olefin-metathesis" target="_blank">http://www.materia-inc.com/technology/olefin-metathesis</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"The History of Materia". Materia. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="http://www.materia-inc.com/corporate/about/history" target="_blank">http://www.materia-inc.com/corporate/about/history</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Industry's Secret Ingredient". Caltech News. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910110435/https://innovation.caltech.edu/content/industrys-secret-ingredient" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150910110435/https://innovation.caltech.edu/content/industrys-secret-ingredient</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"Materia and Sigma-Aldrich Announce Exclusive Distribution Deal for Grubbs' Metathesis Catalysts". Business Wire. August 18, 2003. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20030818005374/en/Materia-Sigma-Aldrich-Announce-Exclusive-Distribution-Deal-Grubbs" target="_blank">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20030818005374/en/Materia-Sigma-Aldrich-Announce-Exclusive-Distribution-Deal-Grubbs</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">Tullo, Alexander H. (March 31, 2008). "Cargill, Materia Launch New Firm Elevance will make specialty chemicals from vegetable oils". Chemical & Engineering News. 86 (13): 6. doi:10.1021/cen-v086n013.p006. <a href="http://cen.acs.org/articles/86/i13/Cargill-Materia-Launch-New-Firm.html" target="_blank">http://cen.acs.org/articles/86/i13/Cargill-Materia-Launch-New-Firm.html</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">Kotrba, Ron (March 23, 2010). "Newton plant to become biorefinery showcase". Biodiesel Magazine. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/4091/newton-plant-to-become-biorefinery-showcase" target="_blank">http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/4091/newton-plant-to-become-biorefinery-showcase</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Materia, Inc. Sells Catalyst Business to Umicore". Materia. December 20, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2021. <a href="http://www.materia-inc.com/media/news/materia-inc.-sells-catalyst-business-to-umicore" target="_blank">http://www.materia-inc.com/media/news/materia-inc.-sells-catalyst-business-to-umicore</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">"ExxonMobil acquires Materia, Inc., a high-performance structural polymers company". ExxonMobil. Retrieved December 18, 2021. <a href="https://corporate.exxonmobil.com:443/News/Newsroom/News-releases/2021/1207_ExxonMobil-Acquires-Materia-Inc-a-High-Performance-Structural-Polymers-Company" target="_blank">https://corporate.exxonmobil.com:443/News/Newsroom/News-releases/2021/1207_ExxonMobil-Acquires-Materia-Inc-a-High-Performance-Structural-Polymers-Company</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">"Reliance Innovation Council (2007–2017) – Raghunath Mashelkar – Mukesh Ambani – Jean-Marie Lehn – Robert Grubbs – George Whitesides – Gary Hamel – William Haseltine". Reliance Industries Limited. Archived from the original on December 16, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211216034937/https://www.ril.com/Innovation-R-D/Innovation.aspx" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20211216034937/https://www.ril.com/Innovation-R-D/Innovation.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">"Nobel Laureates". USA Science & Engineering Festival. Archived from the original on April 21, 2010. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100421005310/http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100421005310/http://www.usasciencefestival.org/about/advisors/</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">Janine Young, Sikes (October 6, 2005). "A Gator wins Nobel in chemistry". The Gainesville Sun. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421170934/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160421170934/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">Miree-Luke, Lisa (October 8, 2015). "Axalta's Distinguished Lecture Series at the University of Pennsylvania Features Presentation on Methathesis Polymerization". Business Wire. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151008005945/en/Axalta%E2%80%99s-Distinguished-Lecture-Series-University-Pennsylvania-Features" target="_blank">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151008005945/en/Axalta%E2%80%99s-Distinguished-Lecture-Series-University-Pennsylvania-Features</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">Pearson, Rodney (April 3, 2001). "South Pasadena chemist wins national award for designing new catalysts". EurekaAlert. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415013720/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-04/ACS-SPcw-0304101.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160415013720/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-04/ACS-SPcw-0304101.php</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">Janine Young, Sikes (October 6, 2005). "A Gator wins Nobel in chemistry". The Gainesville Sun. Archived from the original on April 21, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421170934/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160421170934/http://www.gainesville.com/article/20051006/LOCAL/51006006</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">Singh, Okram Mukherjee (2006). "Metathesis catalysts: Historical perspective, recent developments and practical applications" (PDF). Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research. 65 (December): 957–965. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/4987/1/JSIR%2065%2812%29%20957-965.pdf" target="_blank">http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/4987/1/JSIR%2065%2812%29%20957-965.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">Grubbs, Robert H. (2006). "Olefin-Metathesis Catalysts for the Preparation of Molecules and Materials (Nobel Lecture)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45 (23): 3760–3765. doi:10.1002/anie.200600680. PMID 16724297. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">Chatterjee, Arnab K.; Choi, Tae-Lim; Sanders, Daniel P.; Grubbs, Robert H. (September 2003). "A General Model for Selectivity in Olefin Cross Metathesis" (PDF). Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (37): 11360–11370. Bibcode:2003JAChS.12511360C. doi:10.1021/ja0214882. PMID 16220959. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="http://medchem.rutgers.edu/mc504/pdfs/CM.pdf" target="_blank">http://medchem.rutgers.edu/mc504/pdfs/CM.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">Nguyen, SonBinh T.; Johnson, Lynda K.; Grubbs, Robert H.; Ziller, Joseph W. (May 1992). "Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene by a Group VIII carbene complex in protic media" (PDF). Journal of the American Chemical Society. 114 (10): 3974–3975. Bibcode:1992JAChS.114.3974N. doi:10.1021/ja00036a053. <a href="https://authors.library.caltech.edu/88217/2/ja00036a053_si_001.pdf" target="_blank">https://authors.library.caltech.edu/88217/2/ja00036a053_si_001.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">Schrock, R. R.; Feldman, J.; Cannizzo, L. F.; Grubbs, R. H. (September 1987). "Ring-opening polymerization of norbornene by a living tungsten alkylidene complex". Macromolecules. 20 (5): 1169–1172. Bibcode:1987MaMol..20.1169S. doi:10.1021/ma00171a053. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">Novak, Bruce M.; Grubbs, Robert H. (1988). "The ring opening metathesis polymerization of 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene derivatives: a new acyclic polymeric ionophore". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 110 (3): 960–961. Bibcode:1988JAChS.110..960N. doi:10.1021/ja00211a043. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" target="_blank">/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">Nguyen, SonBinh T.; Johnson, Lynda K.; Grubbs, Robert H.; Ziller, Joseph W. (May 1992). "Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene by a Group VIII carbene complex in protic media" (PDF). Journal of the American Chemical Society. 114 (10): 3974–3975. Bibcode:1992JAChS.114.3974N. doi:10.1021/ja00036a053. <a href="https://authors.library.caltech.edu/88217/2/ja00036a053_si_001.pdf" target="_blank">https://authors.library.caltech.edu/88217/2/ja00036a053_si_001.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">Nguyen, Sonbinh T.; Grubbs, Robert H.; Ziller, Joseph W. (1993). "Syntheses and activities of new single-component, ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 115 (21): 9858–9859. Bibcode:1993JAChS.115.9858N. doi:10.1021/ja00074a086. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" target="_blank">/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">Notman, Nina (January 28, 2015). "Grubbs catalyst". Chemistry World. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2015/01/grubbs-catalyst-olefin-metathesis-podcast" target="_blank">http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2015/01/grubbs-catalyst-olefin-metathesis-podcast</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">Schwab, Peter; France, Marcia B.; Ziller, Joseph W.; Grubbs, Robert H. (1995). "A Series of Well-Defined Metathesis Catalysts–Synthesis of [RuCl2(CHR')(PR3)2] and Its Reactions". Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 34 (18): 2039–2041. doi:10.1002/anie.199520391. <a href="/wiki/Angew._Chem._Int._Ed._Engl." target="_blank">/wiki/Angew._Chem._Int._Ed._Engl.</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">Schwab, Peter; Grubbs, Robert H.; Ziller, Joseph W. (1996). "Synthesis and Applications of RuCl2(=CHR')(PR3)2: The Influence of the Alkylidene Moiety on Metathesis Activity". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 118 (1): 100–110. Bibcode:1996JAChS.118..100S. doi:10.1021/ja952676d. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society" target="_blank">/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Chemical_Society</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">Astruc, Didier (2005). "The metathesis reactions: from a historical perspective to recent developments" (PDF). New Journal of Chemistry. 29 (1): 42. doi:10.1039/b412198h. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616011525/http://astruc.didier.free.fr/doc%20astruc/Metathese-NJC-2005-29-Astruc-p42-56.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160616011525/http://astruc.didier.free.fr/doc%20astruc/Metathese-NJC-2005-29-Astruc-p42-56.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">Wilson, Gerald O.; Porter, Keith A.; Weissman, Haim; White, Scott R.; Sottos, Nancy R.; Moore, Jeffrey S. (August 14, 2009). "Stability of Second Generation Grubbs' Alkylidenes to Primary Amines: Formation of Novel Ruthenium-Amine Complexes". Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis. 351 (11–12): 1817–1825. doi:10.1002/adsc.200900134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">"American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal". Science History Institute. March 22, 2018. <a href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/american-institute-of-chemists-gold-medal" target="_blank">https://www.sciencehistory.org/american-institute-of-chemists-gold-medal</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">Singh, Okram Mukherjee (2006). "Metathesis catalysts: Historical perspective, recent developments and practical applications" (PDF). Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research. 65 (December): 957–965. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/4987/1/JSIR%2065%2812%29%20957-965.pdf" target="_blank">http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/4987/1/JSIR%2065%2812%29%20957-965.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">Astruc, Didier (2005). "The metathesis reactions: from a historical perspective to recent developments" (PDF). New Journal of Chemistry. 29 (1): 42. doi:10.1039/b412198h. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 16, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160616011525/http://astruc.didier.free.fr/doc%20astruc/Metathese-NJC-2005-29-Astruc-p42-56.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160616011525/http://astruc.didier.free.fr/doc%20astruc/Metathese-NJC-2005-29-Astruc-p42-56.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">Miree-Luke, Lisa (October 8, 2015). "Axalta's Distinguished Lecture Series at the University of Pennsylvania Features Presentation on Methathesis Polymerization". Business Wire. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151008005945/en/Axalta%E2%80%99s-Distinguished-Lecture-Series-University-Pennsylvania-Features" target="_blank">http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20151008005945/en/Axalta%E2%80%99s-Distinguished-Lecture-Series-University-Pennsylvania-Features</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">"Industry's Secret Ingredient". Caltech News. Archived from the original on September 10, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910110435/https://innovation.caltech.edu/content/industrys-secret-ingredient" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150910110435/https://innovation.caltech.edu/content/industrys-secret-ingredient</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">"Robert H. Grubbs – Biographical". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. In some places, my birthplace is listed as Calvert City and in others Possum Trot. I was actually born between the two, so either one really is correct. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-bio.html</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">"Columbia News ::: Alumnus Robert Grubbs Wins Nobel Prize in Chemistry". www.columbia.edu. Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. Retrieved July 21, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301132207/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/05/10/robertGrubbs_nobel.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20170301132207/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/05/10/robertGrubbs_nobel.html</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">McClain, Dylan Loeb (December 24, 2021). "Robert H. Grubbs, 79, Dies; Chemistry Breakthrough Led to a Nobel". The New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2021. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/24/science/robert-h-grubbs-dead.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/24/science/robert-h-grubbs-dead.html</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">"Caltech Mourns the Loss of Nobel Laureate Robert H. Grubbs". Caltech. December 19, 2021. Retrieved December 19, 2021. <a href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-mourns-the-loss-of-nobel-laureate-robert-h-grubbs" target="_blank">https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/caltech-mourns-the-loss-of-nobel-laureate-robert-h-grubbs</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">McClain, Dylan Loeb (December 24, 2021). "Robert H. Grubbs, 79, Dies; Chemistry Breakthrough Led to a Nobel". The New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2021. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/24/science/robert-h-grubbs-dead.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/24/science/robert-h-grubbs-dead.html</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">McClain, Dylan Loeb (December 24, 2021). "Robert H. Grubbs, 79, Dies; Chemistry Breakthrough Led to a Nobel". The New York Times. Retrieved December 24, 2021. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/24/science/robert-h-grubbs-dead.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/24/science/robert-h-grubbs-dead.html</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:66">"Press Release, 5 October 2005". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/press.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/press.html</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:67">"Robert H. Grubbs – Facts". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-facts.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/grubbs-facts.html</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:68">"National Academy of Sciences Members". Caltech. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/robert-h-grubbs-wins-national-award-american-chemical-society-54744" target="_blank">https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/robert-h-grubbs-wins-national-award-american-chemical-society-54744</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:69">"Robert H. Grubbs". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. November 18, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2021. <a href="https://www.amacad.org/person/robert-h-grubbs" target="_blank">https://www.amacad.org/person/robert-h-grubbs</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:70">"Robert H. Grubbs". The Franklin Institute. January 10, 2014. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="https://www.fi.edu/laureates/robert-h-grubbs" target="_blank">https://www.fi.edu/laureates/robert-h-grubbs</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:71">"Herman F. Mark Award 2000". Division of Polymer Chemistry, Inc. of the American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315151551/http://www.polyacs.org/271.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160315151551/http://www.polyacs.org/271.html</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:72">Pearson, Rodney (April 3, 2001). "South Pasadena chemist wins national award for designing new catalysts". EurekaAlert. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160415013720/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-04/ACS-SPcw-0304101.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160415013720/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2001-04/ACS-SPcw-0304101.php</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:73">"2002 Robert H. Grubbs, Caltech". Southern California Section of the American Chemical Society. July 20, 2012. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://scalacs.org/?page_id=1089" target="_blank">http://scalacs.org/?page_id=1089</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:74">"Pasadena chemist wins national award for cata". EurekAlert!. Retrieved December 20, 2021. <a href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/625149" target="_blank">https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/625149</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:75">"Arthur C. Cope Award". ACS Chemistry for Life. American Chemical Society. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/arthur-c-cope-award.html" target="_blank">http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/awards/national/bytopic/arthur-c-cope-award.html</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:76">"Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity". Elsevier B.V. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="https://www.elsevier.com/awards/global/tetrahedron-prize-for-creativity" target="_blank">https://www.elsevier.com/awards/global/tetrahedron-prize-for-creativity</a> <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:77">"Press Release, 5 October 2005". The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005. NobelPrize.org. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/press.html" target="_blank">https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/press.html</a> <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:78">"Members Grubbs". rsc.org. Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="https://royalsociety.org/people/robert-grubbs-13392/" target="_blank">https://royalsociety.org/people/robert-grubbs-13392/</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:79">"Robert H. Grubbs 31st Paul Karrer Lecture 2005". University of Zurich. Archived from the original on April 23, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423154812/http://www.chem.uzh.ch/en/events/KarrerLecture/ListOfRecipients/RobertGrubbs.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160423154812/http://www.chem.uzh.ch/en/events/KarrerLecture/ListOfRecipients/RobertGrubbs.html</a> <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:80">"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. <a href="https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration" target="_blank">https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#science-exploration</a> <a href="#fnref:80" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:81">"2009 ACS Fellows". American Chemical Society. Archived from the original on February 24, 2019. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190224231509/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/fellows/list-of-2009-acs-fellows.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190224231509/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/funding-and-awards/fellows/list-of-2009-acs-fellows.html</a> <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:82">"American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal". Science History Institute. March 22, 2018. <a href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/american-institute-of-chemists-gold-medal" target="_blank">https://www.sciencehistory.org/american-institute-of-chemists-gold-medal</a> <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:83">"2015 Inductees: Robert Howard Grubbs". Florida Inventors Hall of Fame. September 28, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2016. <a href="http://www.floridainvents.org/robert-grubbs/" target="_blank">http://www.floridainvents.org/robert-grubbs/</a> <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:84">"Current NAI Fellows". National Academy of Inventors. Retrieved April 15, 2016. <a href="http://www.academyofinventors.org/search-fellows.asp?qFellows=G&Qa=%&qSort=FASC" target="_blank">http://www.academyofinventors.org/search-fellows.asp?qFellows=G&Qa=%&qSort=FASC</a> <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:85">"Professor Robert Howard Grubbs". National Academy of Engineering. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://www.nae.edu/130206.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.nae.edu/130206.aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:86">"New Academicians and Foreign Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 (8): 2633–2634. February 2016. doi:10.1002/anie.201511637. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:87">"12 Famous Scientists Elected 2015 CAS Foreign Members". CASAD. Retrieved April 12, 2016. <a href="http://english.casad.cas.cn/bb/201601/t20160118_158870.html" target="_blank">http://english.casad.cas.cn/bb/201601/t20160118_158870.html</a> <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:88">Wang, Linda (February 13, 2017). "Robert Grubbs wins Remsen Award". Chemical & Engineering News. 59 (7). American Chemical Society. Retrieved December 20, 2021. <a href="https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i7/Robert-Grubbs-wins-Remsen-Award.html" target="_blank">https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i7/Robert-Grubbs-wins-Remsen-Award.html</a> <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:89">Anon (2017). "Professor Robert Grubbs ForMemRS". royalsociety.org. London: Royal Society. <a href="https://royalsociety.org/people/robert-grubbs-13392/" target="_blank">https://royalsociety.org/people/robert-grubbs-13392/</a> <a href="#fnref:89" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Robert H. Grubbs open-in-new

Robert H. Grubbs