Tags (Unicode block)

<h2 id="legacy-use">Legacy use</h2>
U+E0001, U+E0020–U+E007F were originally intended for invisibly tagging texts by language<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1">1</a> but that use is no longer recommended.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a>
All of those characters were deprecated in Unicode 5.1.
With the release of Unicode 8.0, U+E0020–U+E007E are no longer deprecated characters.
The change was made "to clear the way for the potential future use of tag characters for a purpose other than to represent language tags".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a>
Unicode states that "the use of tag characters to represent language tags in a plain text stream is still a deprecated mechanism for conveying language information about text".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a>

<h2 id="current-use">Current use</h2>
With the release of Unicode 9.0, U+E007F is no longer a deprecated character. (U+E0001 LANGUAGE TAG remains deprecated.) The release of Emoji 5.0 in May 2017<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> considers these characters to be <a href="/facts/Emoji/Qkp7gwBH">emoji</a> for use as modifiers in special sequences.
The only usage specified is for representing the flags of regions, alongside the use of <a href="/facts/Regional_Indicator_Symbol/t0EJdeXv">Regional Indicator Symbols</a> for national flags.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> These sequences consist of U+1F3F4 🏴 WAVING BLACK FLAG followed by a sequence of tags corresponding to the region as coded in the <a href="/facts/Common_Locale_Data_Repository/sk5wnKHw">CLDR</a>, then U+E007F CANCEL TAG. For example, using the tags for "gbeng" (🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿) will cause some systems to display the <a href="/facts/Flag_of_England/y5akhW1U">flag of England</a>, those for "gbsct" (🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿) the <a href="/facts/Flag_of_Scotland/uujGNHCX">flag of Scotland</a>, and those for "gbwls" (🏴󠁧󠁢󠁷󠁬󠁳󠁿) the <a href="/facts/Flag_of_Wales/4SuuzgBo">flag of Wales</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>
The tag sequences are derived from <a href="/facts/ISO_3166-2/2Aug3Row">ISO 3166-2</a>, but sequences representing other subnational flags (for example <a href="/facts/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States/mWmHJNWv">US states</a>) are also possible using this mechanism. However, as of Unicode version 12.0 only the three flag sequences listed above are "Recommended for General Interchange" by the Unicode Consortium, meaning they are "most likely to be widely supported across multiple platforms".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
Tags have been used to create invisible <a href="/facts/Prompt_injection/MjLM5HWS">prompt injections</a> on <a href="/facts/Large_language_model/WnogWVJY">LLMs</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>

<h2 id="unicode-block">Unicode block</h2>
<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="17">Tags[1][2][3]<a href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UE0000.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF)</td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>0</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>A</td><td>B</td><td>C</td><td>D</td><td>E</td><td>F</td></tr><tr><td>U+E000x</td><td></td><td>BEGIN</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U+E001x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>U+E002x</td><td> SP </td><td>  !  </td><td>  "  </td><td>  #  </td><td>  $  </td><td>  %  </td><td>  &  </td><td>  '  </td><td>  (  </td><td>  )  </td><td>  *  </td><td>  +  </td><td>  ,  </td><td>  -  </td><td>  .  </td><td>  /  </td></tr><tr><td>U+E003x</td><td>  0  </td><td>  1  </td><td>  2  </td><td>  3  </td><td>  4  </td><td>  5  </td><td>  6  </td><td>  7  </td><td>  8  </td><td>  9  </td><td>  :  </td><td>  ;  </td><td>  <  </td><td>  =  </td><td>  >  </td><td>  ?  </td></tr><tr><td>U+E004x</td><td> @ </td><td>  A  </td><td>  B  </td><td>  C  </td><td>  D  </td><td>  E  </td><td>  F  </td><td>  G  </td><td>  H  </td><td>  I  </td><td>  J  </td><td>  K  </td><td>  L  </td><td>  M  </td><td>  N  </td><td>  O  </td></tr><tr><td>U+E005x</td><td>  P  </td><td>  Q  </td><td>  R  </td><td>  S  </td><td>  T  </td><td>  U  </td><td>  V  </td><td>  W  </td><td>  X  </td><td>  Y  </td><td>  Z  </td><td>  [  </td><td>  \  </td><td>  ]  </td><td>  ^  </td><td>  _  </td></tr><tr><td>U+E006x</td><td>  `  </td><td>  a  </td><td>  b  </td><td>  c  </td><td>  d  </td><td>  e  </td><td>  f  </td><td>  g  </td><td>  h  </td><td>  i  </td><td>  j  </td><td>  k  </td><td>  l  </td><td>  m  </td><td>  n  </td><td>  o  </td></tr><tr><td>U+E007x</td><td>  p  </td><td>  q  </td><td>  r  </td><td>  s  </td><td>  t  </td><td>  u  </td><td>  v  </td><td>  w  </td><td>  x  </td><td>  y  </td><td>  z  </td><td>  {  </td><td>  |  </td><td>  }  </td><td>  ~  </td><td>END</td></tr><tr><td colspan="17">1.^ As of Unicode version 16.02.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points3.^ Unicode code points U+E0001 and U+E0020 through U+E007F were deprecated with Unicode version 5.1 however as of Unicode version 9.0 only U+E0001 remains deprecated</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="history">History</h2>
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Tags block:

<table><tbody><tr><th><a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Version</a></th><th>Final code points<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a></th><th>Count</th><th><a href="/facts/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards/CXq4JYfR">L2</a> ID</th><th><a href="/facts/ISO%2fIEC_JTC_1%2fSC_2/IcW7grUW">WG2</a> ID</th><th>Document</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="21">3.1</td><td rowspan="11">U+E0001</td><td rowspan="11">1</td><td>L2/97-203</td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken; Adams, Glenn (1997-08-05), Plane 14 characters for generic tags</td></tr><tr><td>L2/97-171R2</td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (1997-09-18), Plane 14 Characters for Generic Tags</td></tr><tr><td>L2/97-256</td><td></td><td>Allouche, Mati (1997-10-20), Comments on Plane 14 Position Paper</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1997/97255r.pdf">L2/97-255R</a></td><td></td><td>Aliprand, Joan (1997-12-03), "3.B. Lightweight language tagging", Approved Minutes – UTC #73 & L2 #170 joint meeting, Palo Alto, CA – August 4-5, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>L2/98-027</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1670w97.doc">N1670</a></td><td>Plane 14 characters for language tags, 1997-12-12</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98039.pdf">L2/98-039</a></td><td></td><td>Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-02-24), "2.C REVISED PROPOSALS", Preliminary Minutes - UTC #74 & L2 #171, Mountain View, CA - December 5, 1997</td></tr><tr><td>L2/98-286</td><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1703w97.doc">N1703</a></td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "7.4", Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98281r.pdf">L2/98-281R (pdf</a>, <a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98281R.htm">html</a>)</td><td></td><td>Aliprand, Joan (1998-07-31), "IETF and W3C Issues (VI)", Unconfirmed Minutes – UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00010-n2103.pdf">L2/00-010</a></td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2103.pdf">N2103</a></td><td>Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2000-01-05), "9.1", Minutes of WG 2 meeting 37, Copenhagen, Denmark: 1999-09-13—16</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01301-deprecation.txt">L2/01-301</a></td><td></td><td>Whistler, Ken (2001-08-01), "Tag Characters", Analysis of Character Deprecation in the Unicode Standard</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-091-200205.html">L2/02-166R2</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2002-08-09), "Character Deprecation", UTC #91 Minutes</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="10">U+E0020..E007F</td><td rowspan="10">96</td><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16042-emoji-clarifications.txt">L2/16-042</a></td><td></td><td>Fonts, Agustin; Pournader, Roozbeh (2015-01-26), Clarifications Requested for "Full Emoji Data" and Emoji Flags</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15145r-add-regional-ind.pdf">L2/15-145R</a></td><td></td><td>Edberg, Peter (2015-05-07), Proposal for additional regional indicator symbols</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15107.htm">L2/15-107</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2015-05-12), "E.1.3 Proposal for additional regional indicator symbols", UTC #143 Minutes</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15190-pri299-additional-flags-bkgnd.html">L2/15-190</a></td><td></td><td>Edberg, Peter (2015-06-29), PRI #299 Background: Representing Additional Types of Flags</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15206-region-subdiv.pdf">L2/15-206</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Mark_Davis_(Unicode)/9xdIRMGW">Davis, Mark</a> (2015-07-25), Region / Subdivision validity for flags</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16180r-eng-scot-wales-flags.pdf">L2/16-180R</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Jeremy_Burge/fN94TrYL">Burge, Jeremy</a>; Williams, Owen (2016-07-07), Proposal to include Emoji Flags for England, Scotland and Wales</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17016.htm">L2/17-016</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "Action item 150-A59", UTC #150 Minutes, Add the three sequences for flags documented in L2/16-180R to emoji-sequences.txt for emoji 5.0.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17048-pri343-fdbk.pdf">L2/17-048</a></td><td></td><td>Pournader, Roozbeh (2017-01-24), Feedback on PRI 343 (Unicode Emoji 5.0)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17086-vs16-keycaps-emoji.pdf">L2/17-086</a></td><td></td><td>Burge, Jeremy; et al. (2017-03-27), Add ZWJ, VS-16, Keycaps & Tags to Emoji_Component</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17103.htm">L2/17-103</a></td><td></td><td>Moore, Lisa (2017-05-18), "E.1.7 Add ZWJ, VS-16, Keycaps & Tags to Emoji_Component", UTC #151 Minutes</td></tr><tr><td colspan="6"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Whistler, K.; Adams, G. (January 1999). "RFC2482: Language Tagging in Unicode Plain Text". Network Working Group. doi:10.17487/RFC2482. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2482" target="_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2482</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Whistler, K.; Adams, G.; Duerst, M.; Klensin, J.; Klensin, J. (November 2010). Presuhn, R. (ed.). "RFC6082: Deprecating Unicode Language Tag Characters: RFC 2482 is Historic". Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). doi:10.17487/RFC6082. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6082" target="_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6082</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Unicode 8.0.0, Implications for Migration". Unicode Consortium. <a href="https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/#Migration" target="_blank">https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/#Migration</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Unicode 8.0.0, Implications for Migration". Unicode Consortium. <a href="https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/#Migration" target="_blank">https://unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/#Migration</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Emoji Version 5.0 List". Emojipedia. Retrieved 24 July 2021. <a href="https://emojipedia.org/emoji-5.0/" target="_blank">https://emojipedia.org/emoji-5.0/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"UTR #51: Unicode Emoji". Unicode Consortium. 2017-05-18. <a href="https://unicode.org/reports/tr51/" target="_blank">https://unicode.org/reports/tr51/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"UTR #51: Unicode Emoji". Unicode Consortium. 2017-05-18. <a href="https://unicode.org/reports/tr51/" target="_blank">https://unicode.org/reports/tr51/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"emoji-sequences.txt". Unicode Consortium. 2023-06-05. Retrieved 5 March 2019. <a href="https://unicode.org/Public/emoji/latest/emoji-sequences.txt" target="_blank">https://unicode.org/Public/emoji/latest/emoji-sequences.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2024/m365-copilot-prompt-injection-tool-invocation-and-data-exfil-using-ascii-smuggling/ <a href="https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2024/m365-copilot-prompt-injection-tool-invocation-and-data-exfil-using-ascii-smuggling/" target="_blank">https://embracethered.com/blog/posts/2024/m365-copilot-prompt-injection-tool-invocation-and-data-exfil-using-ascii-smuggling/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Tags (Unicode block) open-in-new

Tags (Unicode block)