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<h2 id="global-catastrophic-risks">Global catastrophic risks</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Global_catastrophic_risk/P74aJr4H">Global catastrophic risk</a></p> <p>Not all of these risks are independent, because the majority, if not all of them are a result of human activity. </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Biodiversity_loss/p7xI1P0G">Biodiversity loss</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence/j7oxWDYY">Destructive artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Environmental_disaster/V9lkAgAk">Environmental disaster</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nuclear_holocaust/mDXd7Phv">Nuclear holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pandemic/KaJe9rTu">Pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Biotechnology_risk/YfbgEpjQ">Biotechnology risk</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gray_goo/Yfwq0ff2">Molecular nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Societal_collapse/mxDqMIyE">Societal collapse</a></li></ul> <h2 id="united-nations-list">United Nations list</h2> <p>The <a href="/facts/United_Nations/fgXLnmgT">UN</a> has listed issues that it deems to be the most pressing as of 2023:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Category</th><th>Issues</th><th>Relevant UN directives/initiatives</th></tr><tr><td>Africa</td><td><a href="/facts/Poverty_in_Africa/uNA0D1J6">poverty</a>, <a href="/facts/Disease/55eeQlGL">diseases</a>, <a href="/facts/Desertification/N7rdrzFy">desertification</a>, <a href="/facts/Malnutrition/KasQy5MR">malnutrition</a>, regional conflict</td><td>Office of the Special Adviser on Africa, <a href="/facts/African_Union/Pz1DVnDN">African Union</a>, <a href="/facts/New_Partnership_for_Africa%25E2%2580%2599s_Development/M37TLgGE">New Partnership for Africa’s Development</a>, <a href="/facts/United_Nations%25E2%2580%2593African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur/R2SEb7UT">United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Ageing/AxL4qCW4">Ageing</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Ageing_population/s71KXvey">ageing population</a>, <a href="/facts/Demographic_transition/KHTKXRjS">demographic transition</a></td><td>Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing, <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Principles_for_Older_Persons/8k8BA0ep">United Nations Principles for Older Persons</a>, Proclamation on Ageing, <a href="/facts/International_Year_of_Older_Persons/qHruVfRu">International Year of Older Persons</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/AIDS/RqLIEMuJ">AIDS</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Prevention_of_HIV%2fAIDS/4AoCYaaA">Prevention of HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="/facts/HIV_and_pregnancy/UvPYNB5M">HIV and pregnancy</a>, <a href="/facts/HIV%2fAIDS_denialism/racCu0un">HIV/AIDS denialism</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Joint_United_Nations_Programme_on_HIV%2fAIDS/nxCc81gV">Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="/facts/The_Global_Fund_to_Fight_AIDS%2c_Tuberculosis_and_Malaria/KJ5yzBpC">The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Atomic_energy/X4UJfgG3">Atomic energy</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nuclear_weapon/QVdBcMdm">nuclear weapons</a>, <a href="/facts/Nuclear_waste/MjYh5tlu">nuclear waste</a></td><td><a href="/facts/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency/o84JrwQ7">International Atomic Energy Agency</a>, <a href="/facts/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons/yE0ekVtm">Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons</a>, <a href="/facts/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty/PJukufKN">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Big_data/XGtrVg4z">Big data</a> for <a href="/facts/Sustainable_development/zGqWBsaK">sustainable development</a></td><td>Applying <a href="/facts/Information_and_communications_technology/wG6q8RfN">ICTs</a> to sustainable development</td><td>supporting and tracking the <a href="/facts/Sustainable_Development_Goals/b7lVYvFN">Sustainable Development Goals</a></td></tr><tr><td>Child and youth safety online</td><td>Fighting <a href="/facts/Cyberbullying/Fbw1RR2s">cyberbullying</a>, <a href="/facts/Online_child_abuse/vDLBKQXN">online child abuse</a> and <a href="/facts/Human_trafficking/07sKSjt4">human trafficking of children</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Children</td><td><a href="/facts/Child_poverty/rzWjx4Q8">Child poverty</a>, <a href="/facts/Child_labour/rhdNHpXK">Child labour</a>, <a href="/facts/Child_abuse/Ed2v0ujQ">Child abuse</a>, <a href="/facts/Child_mortality/IYl5xCRn">Child mortality</a>, <a href="/facts/Global_education/lC6Mo5Er">Global education</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Education_First/qaHStql6">Education First</a>, <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Children%25E2%2580%2599s_Fund/otY1rTdl">United Nations Children’s Fund</a> (UNICEF), <a href="/facts/World_Food_Programme/yBwCJgza">World Food Programme</a>, Global Education First Initiative<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">Climate change</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Carbon_footprint/gRb1RaQl">Carbon footprint</a> of the human race, <a href="/facts/Climate_change_mitigation/GgkoeWMk">Climate change mitigation</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Kyoto_Protocol/88twzpDf">Kyoto Protocol</a>, <a href="/facts/Paris_Agreement/hfIXBN1W">Paris Agreement</a>, <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Climate_Change_conference/mVHYuDtH">United Nations Climate Change conference</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Decolonization/EkIM0zpj">Decolonization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Exploitation_of_labour/SSy9Hk6V">exploitation</a></td><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations_Special_Committee_on_Decolonization/Qg94f95f">United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization</a>, <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Trust_Territories/dtI36Q9h">United Nations Trust Territories</a>, <a href="/facts/International_Decade_for_the_Eradication_of_Colonialism/6fwsEr1U">International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism</a></td></tr><tr><td>Democracy</td><td><a href="/facts/Democratization/ppbzKnhe">democratization</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights/8hsauJsB">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a>, <a href="/facts/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights/669Bctgs">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a>, <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Development_Programme/y3gpXUHD">UNDP</a>, <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Democracy_Fund/9aUTARMW">UNDEF</a>, <a href="/facts/Department_of_Peacekeeping_Operations/LW1bPNQ4">DPKO</a>, <a href="/facts/Department_of_Political_Affairs/s8vQB3hE">DPA</a>, <a href="/facts/OHCHR/s43BaRNL">OHCHR</a>, <a href="/facts/UN_Women/JHJg07VA">UN Women</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Disarmament/3G3ewlxu">Disarmament</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Weapons_of_mass_destruction/JfsDSeGo">weapons of mass destruction</a>, <a href="/facts/Chemical_weapons/AwXDDhAR">chemical</a> and <a href="/facts/Biological_weapons/4YnbS6Em">biological weapons</a>, <a href="/facts/Conventional_weapons/SnWAVdTT">conventional weapons</a>, <a href="/facts/Landmines/D5AkxUF9">landmines</a> and <a href="/facts/Small_arms/GuHx4aGE">small arms</a></td><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations_Office_for_Disarmament_Affairs/FBRdGXQ0">United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs</a></td></tr><tr><td>Ending <a href="/facts/Poverty/hNLtrNmK">poverty</a></td><td>Measuring poverty</td><td><a href="/facts/Sustainable_Development_Goals/b7lVYvFN">Sustainable Development Goal #1: No poverty</a></td></tr><tr><td>Food</td><td><a href="/facts/World_hunger/KasQy5MR">world hunger</a>, <a href="/facts/Sustainable_agriculture/XLdTEVAC">sustainable agriculture</a>, <a href="/facts/Food_security/cKrQd4E9">food security</a>, <a href="/facts/Food_safety/8lWIyLYE">safety</a>, <a href="/facts/Food_riot/qzrpsqVQ">food riots</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sustainable_Development_Goals/b7lVYvFN">Sustainable Development Goal #2: Zero hunger</a>, <a href="/facts/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization/13WV8JJK">Food and Agriculture Organization</a> (FAO), World Food Programme</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Gender_equality/8StWa3Sn">Gender equality</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Women%2527s_rights/82YGpkAT">Women's rights</a>, <a href="/facts/Global_feminism/v0p8FMFu">global feminism</a></td><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations_Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women/rvIE0Ycp">Commission on the Status of Women</a>, <a href="/facts/UN_Women/JHJg07VA">Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women)</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Global_health/kIo4zSIt">Health</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Maternal_health/yxkP1tnH">maternal health</a>, <a href="/facts/Extreme_poverty/603F4wQd">extreme poverty</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Millennium_Development_Goals/Kyj35oL1">Millennium Development Goals</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Human_rights/WMW5XCdM">Human rights</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Human_rights_violation/WMW5XCdM">human rights violations</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights/8hsauJsB">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/International_law/WJEPeq44">International law</a> and justice</td><td><a href="/facts/War_crime/36qQAugC">war crimes</a>, <a href="/facts/Discrimination/B2M2HqxR">discrimination</a>, <a href="/facts/State-corporate_crime/X0HeqA0F">state-corporate crime</a></td><td><a href="/facts/International_Law_Commission/d0DV4Foj">International Law Commission</a>, <a href="/facts/Convention_on_the_Prevention_and_Punishment_of_the_Crime_of_Genocide/MNjAX4Dp">Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide</a> (1948), <a href="/facts/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination/e5ACAxr4">International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a> (1965), <a href="/facts/International_Covenant_on_Civil_and_Political_Rights/669Bctgs">International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights</a> (1966), <a href="/facts/International_Covenant_on_Economic%2c_Social_and_Cultural_Rights/cb0LgRj1">International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights</a> (1966), <a href="/facts/Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_against_Women/IczqNrE7">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women</a> (1979), <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Law_of_the_Sea/t2PtV3aq">United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea</a> (1982), <a href="/facts/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child/YzGsfyY8">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a> (1989), <a href="/facts/Comprehensive_Nuclear-Test-Ban_Treaty/PJukufKN">Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty</a> (1996), <a href="/facts/International_Convention_for_the_Suppression_of_the_Financing_of_Terrorism/8bxES0r7">International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism</a> (1999), <a href="/facts/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities/13mRMyyc">Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a> (2006)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/International_migration/3If8hec4">International migration</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Human_migration/r2oTzF6F">Human migration</a></td><td><a href="/facts/International_Organization_for_Migration/9WGdNj7b">International Organization for Migration</a></td></tr><tr><td>Oceans and the Law of the Sea (cf. Water)</td><td><a href="/facts/Marine_pollution/LtYCfsJt">marine pollution</a>, <a href="/facts/Ocean_governance/nDjgdHmV">ocean governance</a></td><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations_Conference_on_the_Human_Environment/baJJANkF">United Nations Conference on the Human Environment</a>, <a href="/facts/Convention_on_the_Prevention_of_Marine_Pollution_by_Dumping_of_Wastes_and_Other_Matter/KWCddrsy">Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/World_peace/sgbKHDzt">Peace</a> and <a href="/facts/Global_security/gsfpRwUv">security</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations_peacekeeping/pfhrl5Wq">United Nations peacekeeping</a>, <a href="/facts/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions/DRTFVNeH">List of United Nations peacekeeping missions</a>, <a href="/facts/Peacebuilding_Commission/bMx1QTjA">Peacebuilding Commission</a></td></tr><tr><td>People with <a href="/facts/Disability/vr9BPUxo">disabilities</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Discrimination/B2M2HqxR">discrimination</a>, lack of <a href="/facts/Universal_design/6zrKpgc3">universal design</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_Persons_with_Disabilities/13mRMyyc">Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities</a></td></tr><tr><td>Population</td><td><a href="/facts/Human_overpopulation/a6vNVtsP">overpopulation</a>, <a href="/facts/World_population/tzYcheuD">world population</a></td><td><a href="/facts/UNFPA/vsgDNYRo">UNFPA</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Refugee/VISfRRnT">Refugees</a> (cf. Humanitarian Assistance)</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations_Relief_and_Rehabilitation_Administration/phS6yNkz">United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration</a> (UNRRA),<p><a href="/facts/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees/n02xPguc">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR)</p></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Terrorism/DHJGPJ6P">Terrorism</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Comprehensive_Convention_on_International_Terrorism/qIMBMwdH">Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Volunteerism/U0V4Nj1z">Volunteerism</a></td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/United_Nations_Volunteers/9dyF6nMo">United Nations Volunteers</a></td></tr><tr><td>Water (cf. Oceans and the Law of the Sea)</td><td><a href="/facts/Water_scarcity/YN3qIwmv">water scarcity</a>, <a href="/facts/Water_conflict/7bAf1UpS">water conflict</a>, <a href="/facts/Water_privatization/lHVjYW30">water privatization</a>, <a href="/facts/Water_pollution/SCUhUYqB">water pollution</a></td><td><a href="/facts/UN-Water/Yn2ldDxs">UN-Water</a>, <a href="/facts/System_of_Environmental_and_Economic_Accounting_for_Water/JouwUlJ7">System of Environmental and Economic Accounting for Water</a>, <a href="/facts/Water_for_Life_Decade/N9PTvrcx">Water for Life Decade</a>, <a href="/facts/International_Recommendations_on_Water_Statistics/P6yGl8q4">International Recommendations on Water Statistics</a>, <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Water_Conference/sTWsadmQ">United Nations Water Conference</a>, <a href="/facts/Millennium_Development_Goals/Kyj35oL1">Millennium Development Goals</a>, <a href="/facts/1992_International_Conference_on_Water_and_the_Environment/5Pm9jgeC">International Conference on Water and the Environment</a> (1992), <a href="/facts/Earth_Summit/m43Ql7gs">Earth Summit</a> (1992)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As part of the <a href="/facts/2030_Agenda_for_Sustainable_Development/b7lVYvFN">2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development</a>, the UN <a href="/facts/Millennium_Development_Goals/Kyj35oL1">Millennium Development Goals</a> (2000-2015) were superseded by the UN <a href="/facts/Sustainable_Development_Goals/b7lVYvFN">Sustainable Development Goals</a> (2016-2030), which are also known as <a href="/facts/The_Global_Goals/b7lVYvFN">The Global Goals</a>. There are associated Targets and Indicators for each <a href="/facts/Global_Goal/PtTcaT0f">Global Goal</a>. </p> <h2 id="world-economic-forum-list">World Economic Forum List</h2> <p>In keeping with their economy-centered view, the <a href="/facts/World_Economic_Forum/91KlC7Cb">World Economic Forum</a> formulated a list of 10 most pressing points in 2016: <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p> <ol><li><a href="/facts/Food_security/cKrQd4E9">Food security</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Inclusive_growth/P9aYVGCf">Inclusive growth</a></li> <li>Future of work/<a href="/facts/Unemployment/qGzDQbWt">unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Financial_crisis_of_2007%25E2%2580%25932008/qw8n1pSN">Financial crisis of 2007–2008</a></li> <li>Future of the <a href="/facts/Internet/Xw1rVvJU">internet</a>/<a href="/facts/Fourth_Industrial_Revolution/BqVVErBA">Fourth Industrial Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gender_equality/8StWa3Sn">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_trade/jB2m5TGX">Global trade</a> and investment and <a href="/facts/Regulatory/eFR0l2x9">regulatory</a> frameworks</li> <li>Long-term <a href="/facts/Investment/VrMookcv">investment</a>/<a href="/facts/Investment_strategy/veukG5Up">Investment strategy</a></li> <li>Future <a href="/facts/Healthcare/LPS1WKbI">healthcare</a></li></ol> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Sustainable_growth/zGqWBsaK">sustainable growth</a>, <a href="/facts/Green_economy/4gWa46jo">green economy</a>, <a href="/facts/Global_recession/lwsqWUYG">global recession</a>, <a href="/facts/International_Monetary_Fund/tPSTWWS4">International Monetary Fund</a>, and <a href="/facts/World_Trade_Organization/p7hgb1lP">World Trade Organization</a></p> <h2 id="global-environmental-issues">Global environmental issues</h2> <p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/List_of_environmental_issues/YNBlHp32">List of environmental issues</a></p> <p>No single issue can be analysed, treated, or isolated from the others.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> For example, <a href="/facts/Habitat_loss/pyPMkBCY">habitat loss</a> and climate change adversely affect biodiversity. Deforestation and pollution are direct consequences of overpopulation and both, in turn, affect biodiversity. While overpopulation locally leads to <a href="/facts/Rural_flight/D1cxfeAY">rural flight</a>, this is more than counterbalanced by accelerating <a href="/facts/Urbanization/GQq0oqft">urbanization</a> and urban sprawl. Theories like the <a href="/facts/World-systems_theory/b0BKN2E9">world-system theory</a> and the <a href="/facts/Gaia_hypothesis/yqLpTgaT">Gaia hypothesis</a> focus on the inter-dependency aspect of environmental and economic issues. Among the most evident environmental problems are:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Overconsumption/sVHKVL13">Overconsumption</a> – situation where resource use has outpaced the sustainable capacity of the ecosystem.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Human_overpopulation/a6vNVtsP">Overpopulation</a> – too many people for the planet to sustain.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Biodiversity_loss/p7xI1P0G">Biodiversity loss</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Deforestation/L1TNhN9p">Deforestation</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Desertification/N7rdrzFy">Desertification</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_warming/rEN4BDE7">Global warming</a>/<a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Habitat_destruction/pyPMkBCY">Habitat destruction</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Holocene_extinction/C1LzDDy7">Holocene extinction</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ocean_acidification/GE7MrSPj">Ocean acidification</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ozone_depletion/ssGWpcx3">Ozone depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pollution/JRagxumQ">Pollution</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Waste/qLmtkUQ4">Waste</a> and <a href="/facts/Waste_disposal/EKXuEqQU">waste disposal</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Water_pollution/SCUhUYqB">Water pollution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/Resource_depletion/q654FUqh">Resource depletion</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Urban_sprawl/YCuJVsQG">Urban sprawl</a></li></ul> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Zero_population_growth/hTh47UUJ">Zero population growth</a> and <a href="/facts/Green_economy/4gWa46jo">Green economy</a></p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Politics portal</li><li>Society portal</li><li>World portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Sustainable_Development_Goals/b7lVYvFN">Sustainable Development Goals</a> – United Nations goals for people for 2030</li> <li><a href="/facts/Antimicrobial_resistance/jsbAywgx">Antimicrobial resistance</a> – Resistance of microbes to drugs directed against them</li> <li><a href="/facts/Center_for_Global_Food_Issues/SyERI1F5">Center for Global Food Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Chicago_Council_on_Global_Affairs/P2mH6P0c">Chicago Council on Global Affairs</a> – Foreign affairs think tank in Chicago, Illinois, US</li> <li><a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">Climate change</a> – Human-caused changes to climate on Earth</li> <li><a href="/facts/Cybersecurity/7E5dIy7G">Cybersecurity</a> – Protection of computer systems from information disclosure, theft or damagePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/facts/Developing_country/eTfS4kxl">Developing country</a> – Nation with a lower living standard relative to more developed countries</li> <li><a href="/facts/Earth_Economics/jM194jhY">Earth Economics</a> – U.S. non-profit organization</li> <li><a href="/facts/Earth_system_science/dG9qMCbX">Earth system science</a> – Scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ecological_footprint/GNWvohys">Ecological footprint</a> – Individual's or a group's human demand on nature</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ecological_collapse/1ebBu35e">Ecological collapse</a> – Ecological communities abruptly losing biodiversity, often irreversiblyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ecosystem_collapse/1ebBu35e">Ecosystem collapse</a> – Ecological communities abruptly losing biodiversity, often irreversibly</li> <li><a href="/facts/Effective_altruism/dIIN7SrC">Effective altruism</a> – Philosophical and social movement</li> <li><a href="/facts/Energy_crisis/kpHbj2Bp">Energy crisis</a> – Low availability of energy resources</li> <li><a href="/facts/Environmental_social_science/N5T7oTM7">Environmental social science</a> – Interaction of humans with the environment</li> <li><a href="/facts/Financial_crisis/lVXVuazP">Financial crisis</a> – Situation in which financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value</li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_catastrophic_risk/P74aJr4H">Global catastrophic risk</a> – Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk</li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_Challenges_Foundation/xKPDasWA">Global Challenges Foundation</a> – Swedish non-profit organization</li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_change/YEUnu0AP">Global change</a> – planetary-scale changes in the Earth systemPages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_governance/p1rXSfES">Global governance</a> – Movement towards political cooperation among transnational actors</li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_health/kIo4zSIt">Global health</a> – Health of populations in a global context</li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_justice/nAsKQWPQ">Global justice</a> – Issue in political philosophy</li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_Rights/bGWIVlH0">Global Rights</a> – Human rights capacity-building NGO</li> <li><a href="/facts/Global_warming_controversy/vbbK0L7j">Global warming controversy</a> – List of debates over global warmingPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/facts/Human_impact_on_the_environment/vIAWqfPB">Human impact on the environment</a> – Impact of human life on Earth and environment</li> <li><a href="/facts/Human_security/hsszpc6J">Human security</a> – People-centric approach to national security</li> <li><a href="/facts/Intergovernmental_organization/5ELbyRm6">Intergovernmental organization</a> – Organization established by treaty between governmentsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_United_Nations_peacekeeping_missions/DRTFVNeH">List of United Nations peacekeeping missions</a> – List of all former and current United Nations peacekeeping missions</li> <li><a href="/facts/Liu_Institute_for_Global_Issues/6bD15wJb">Liu Institute for Global Issues</a> – Research organization at the University of British Columbia</li> <li><a href="/facts/Mass_surveillance/GgAEJtso">Mass surveillance</a> – Intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ozone_depletion_and_climate_change/BpBfvrJp">Ozone depletion and climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pandemic/KaJe9rTu">Pandemic</a> – Widespread, often global, epidemic of severe infectious disease</li> <li><a href="/facts/Peak_oil/s0YlwPS6">Peak oil</a> – Point in time when the maximum rate of petroleum extraction is reached</li> <li><a href="/facts/Social_justice/yPVcRR0w">Social justice</a> – Concept in political philosophy</li> <li><a href="/facts/Species_extinction/24p5NP2q">Species extinction</a> – Termination of an organism by the death of its last memberPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/facts/Washington_consensus/qq2Dw5qd">Washington consensus</a> – Economic policies for developing nationsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/facts/Wicked_problem/9olMQpQ8">Wicked problem</a> – Problem that is difficult or impossible to solve</li> <li><a href="/facts/World_Community_Grid/PEA7aRGH">World Community Grid</a> – BOINC based volunteer computing project to aid scientific research</li> <li><a href="/facts/WorldRiskReport/kDPFVnv7">WorldRiskReport</a> – Annual cooperation report on global disaster risks</li> <li><a href="/facts/World-systems_theory/b0BKN2E9">World-systems theory</a> – Approach emphasizing the world-system as the primary unit of social analysis</li> <li><a href="/facts/World_War/pEzjDFFs">World War</a> – War involving major global statesPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li> <li><a href="/facts/Crime/BfoRzbL3">Crime</a> – Unlawful act punishable by an authority</li></ul> <h2 id="literature">Literature</h2> <ul><li>John L. Seitz, Kristen A. Hite (2012). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYLtrTw5UMYC"><i>Global Issues</i></a> (4 ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-470-65564-1.</li> <li>Richard J. Payne (2012). <i>Global Issues</i> (4th ed.). Pearson. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0205854592.</li> <li>Michael T. Snarr, D. Neil Snarr, ed. (2012). <i>Introducing Global Issues</i> (5th ed.). Lynne Rienner Pub. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1588268457.</li> <li>Shirley A. Fedorak (2013). <i>Global Issues: A Cross-Cultural Perspective Paperback</i>. University of Toronto Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1442605961.</li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Global_Education_Magazine/Av9aPPxt">Global Education Magazine</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/facts/Global_Environmental_Politics/u2lzNFXG">Global Environmental Politics</a></i></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Globalization issues. <ul><li><a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/">The UN's Global Issues page</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.sll.la.psu.edu/think-global/learn-more-about-global-issues">"Think Global: Learn More About Global Issues"</a>. <i>dus.psu.edu</i>. Retrieved 31 January 2018.</li> <li><a href="https://www.ted.com/topics/global+issues">"Global issues"</a>. <i>TED.com</i>. 11 May 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2018.</li> <li><a href="https://www.tigweb.org/global-issues/">"Global Issues"</a>. <i>TakingITGlobal</i>. Retrieved 18 January 2018.</li> <li><a href="http://globalissues.org">"Global Issues : social, political, economic and environmental issues that affect us all"</a>. <i>Global Issues</i>. 24 September 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2018.</li> <li><a href="http://globalissuesnetwork.org">"Global Issues Network"</a>. <i>Global Issues Network</i>. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2018.</li> <li><a href="https://www.carbonbrief.org/issues-of-resilience-interdependence-and-growth-affect-global-climate-change-risk">"Issues of resilience, interdependence and growth affect global climate change risk"</a>. <i><a href="/facts/Carbon_Brief/KG213ff3">Carbon Brief</a></i>. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2018.</li> <li><a href="https://80000hours.org/articles/cause-selection/">"A list of the most urgent global issues"</a>. <i>80,000 Hours</i>. 30 April 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2018.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Global Issues". United Nations. Retrieved 13 October 2023. <a href="https://www.un.org/en/global-issues" target="_blank">https://www.un.org/en/global-issues</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Global Education First Initiative - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2015. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729080641/http://www.globaleducationfirst.org/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130729080641/http://www.globaleducationfirst.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Hutt, Rosamond (21 January 2016). "What are the 10 biggest global challenges?". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 18 January 2018. <a href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/what-are-the-10-biggest-global-challenges/" target="_blank">https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/what-are-the-10-biggest-global-challenges/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/issues/global/major-global-issues-diagram-lg.jpg [bare URL image file] <a href="http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/issues/global/major-global-issues-diagram-lg.jpg" target="_blank">http://www.geni.org/globalenergy/issues/global/major-global-issues-diagram-lg.jpg</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Rinkesh (27 June 2014). "15 Current Environmental Problems That Our World is Facing - Conserve Energy Future". <a href="http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/15-current-environmental-problems.php" target="_blank">http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/15-current-environmental-problems.php</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"The World's 6 Most Pressing Environmental Issues". 22 April 2012. <a href="http://inhabitat.com/why-we-need-earth-day-7-most-pressing-environmental-problems-we-need-to-solve/" target="_blank">http://inhabitat.com/why-we-need-earth-day-7-most-pressing-environmental-problems-we-need-to-solve/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"About NRDC". www.nrdc.org. <a href="https://www.nrdc.org/about" target="_blank">https://www.nrdc.org/about</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Environmental Issues — Global Issues". 2 February 2015. <a href="http://www.globalissues.org/issue/168/environmental-issues" target="_blank">http://www.globalissues.org/issue/168/environmental-issues</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>