Menu
Home
People
Places
Arts
History
Plants & Animals
Science
Life & Culture
Technology
Reference.org
Ottawa River
open-in-new
<h2 id="geography">Geography</h2> <p>The river rises at Lac des Outaouais, north of the <a href="/facts/Laurentian_Mountains/ayHIFofB">Laurentian Mountains</a> of central Quebec, and flows west to <a href="/facts/Lake_Timiskaming/1GlPKRtJ">Lake Timiskaming</a>. From there its route has been used to define the interprovincial border with Ontario. </p><p>From Lake Timiskaming, the river flows southeast to <a href="/facts/Ottawa/x5FkqX7F">Ottawa</a> and <a href="/facts/Gatineau/6TracWk2">Gatineau</a>, where it tumbles over <a href="/facts/Chaudi%25C3%25A8re_Falls/6jEBACyl">Chaudière Falls</a> and further takes in the <a href="/facts/Rideau_River/dRnSxhdl">Rideau</a> and <a href="/facts/Gatineau_River/CGA6P9AK">Gatineau</a> rivers. </p><p>The Ottawa River drains into the <a href="/facts/Lake_of_Two_Mountains/wfdscCIb">Lake of Two Mountains</a> and the St. Lawrence River at <a href="/facts/Montreal/uQQaWd1b">Montreal</a>. The river is 1,271 km (790 mi) long; it drains an area of 146,300 km2 (56,500 sq mi), 65 per cent in Quebec and the rest in Ontario, with a mean discharge of 1,950 m3/s (69,000 cu ft/s).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> It has a maximum depth of 90 m (300 ft) at the Carillon Reservoir and is 7,400 m (24,300 ft) wide at its widest part.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p><p>The average annual mean waterflow measured at <a href="/facts/Carillon_generating_station/rYYLjRr4">Carillon dam</a>, near the Lake of Two Mountains, is 1,939 m3/s (68,500 cu ft/s), with average annual extremes of 749 to 5,351 m3/s (26,500 to 189,000 cu ft/s). Record historic levels since 1964 are a low of 467 m3/s (16,500 cu ft/s) in 2010 and a high of 9,094 m3/s (321,200 cu ft/s) in 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>The river flows through large areas of deciduous and coniferous forest formed over thousands of years as trees recolonized the Ottawa Valley after the ice age.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> Generally, the coniferous forests and blueberry bogs occur on old sand plains left by retreating glaciers, or in wetter areas with clay substrate. The deciduous forests, dominated by birch, maple, beech, oak and ash occur in more mesic areas with better soil, generally around the boundary with the La Varendrye Park.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> These primeval forests were occasionally affected by natural fire, mostly started by lightning, which led to increased reproduction by pine and oak, as well as fire barrens and their associated species.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The vast areas of pine were exploited by early loggers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> Later generations of logging removed <a href="/facts/Tsuga/3MKCMYYy">hemlock</a> for use in tanning leather, leaving a permanent deficit of hemlock in most forests.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Associated with the logging and early settlement were vast wild fires which not only removed the forests, but led to soil erosion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Consequently, nearly all the forests show varying degrees of human disturbance. Tracts of older forest are uncommon, and hence they are considered of considerable importance for conservation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>The Ottawa River has large areas of wetlands. Some of the more biologically important wetland areas include (going downstream from Pembroke), the Westmeath sand dune/wetland complex, Mississippi Snye, Breckenridge Nature Reserve, Shirleys Bay, Ottawa Beach/Andrew Haydon Park, Petrie Island, the Duck Islands<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> and Greens Creek.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Westmeath_Provincial_Park/E6mg19rR">Westmeath sand dune/wetland complex</a> is significant for its relatively pristine sand dunes, few of which remain along the Ottawa River, and the many associated rare plants. Shirleys Bay has a biologically diverse shoreline alvar, as well as one of the largest silver maple swamps along the river. Like all wetlands, these depend upon the seasonal fluctuations in the water level.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> High water levels help create and maintain <a href="/facts/Acer_saccharinum/xJrcaNzt">silver maple</a> swamps,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> while low water periods allow many rare wetland plants to grow on the emerged sand and clay flats.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> There are five principal wetland vegetation types. One is swamp, mostly silver maple. There are four herbaceous vegetation types, named for the dominant plant species in them: <i>Scirpus</i>, <i>Eleocharis</i>, <i>Sparganium</i> and <i>Typha</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> Which type occurs in a particular location depends upon factors such as substrate type, water depth, ice-scour and fertility. Inland, and mostly south of the river, older river channels, which date back to the end of the ice age, and no longer have flowing water, have sometimes filled with a different wetland type, peat bog. Examples include Mer Bleue and Alfred Bog.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p> <h3>Tributaries</h3> <p>Major tributaries include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Bonnechere_River/tJEL3Lor">Bonnechere River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Coulonge_River/P1PWJjxe">Coulonge River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Dumoine_River/pQQy8MpF">Dumoine River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gatineau_River/CGA6P9AK">Gatineau River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Kipawa_River/GU3fpIEG">Kipawa River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Du_Li%25C3%25A8vre_River/3tl8zdTX">du Lièvre River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Madawaska_River_(Ontario)/QllJjwIQ">Madawaska River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mattawa_River/vduAMGxG">Mattawa River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mississippi_River_(Ontario)/qK0PjnfG">Mississippi River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Montreal_River_(Timiskaming_District)/whyAckWb">Montreal River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rivi%25C3%25A8re_du_Nord_(Laurentides)/uvYlVhe1">Rivière du Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Noire_River_(Ottawa_River_tributary)/9qRTklEr">Noire River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Petawawa_River/H1Eo8MIu">Petawawa River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rideau_River/dRnSxhdl">Rideau River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rouge_River_(Quebec)/FVj1R5KT">Rouge River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/South_Nation_River/9Yuqgdvw">South Nation River</a></li></ul> <h3>Communities</h3> <p>Communities along the Ottawa River include (in down-stream order): </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Kitcisakik_Anicinape_Community/PFuzyEn2">Kitcisakik Anicinape Community</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Winneway/B0wffW0W">Long Point First Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Moffet%2c_Quebec/vtS4RJkp">Moffet, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Laverloch%25C3%25A8re-Angliers/Hbe61IH0">Angliers, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Notre-Dame-du-Nord%2c_Quebec/UKSertcE">Notre-Dame-du-Nord, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Timiskaming_First_Nation/lsyPLLbs">Timiskaming First Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Temiskaming_Shores%2c_Ontario/k5lyulA2">Temiskaming Shores, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ville-Marie%2c_Quebec/ekD56fkM">Ville-Marie, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/T%25C3%25A9miscaming%2c_Quebec/PPaHrdkR">Témiscaming, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Thorne%2c_Ontario/5sLNJIeD">Thorne, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mattawa%2c_Ontario/jI0bNVG6">Mattawa, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Head%2c_Clara_and_Maria/vjzu16WJ">Deux Rivières, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rapides-des-Joachims%2c_Quebec/qTWJGDSo">Rapides-des-Joachims, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Laurentian_Hills/hJEF5xva">Rolphton, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Deep_River%2c_Ontario/wuRX3vM3">Deep River, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sheenboro%2c_Quebec/KrYVB7ET">Sheenboro, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Petawawa%2c_Ontario/t0E7wkYW">Petawawa, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pembroke%2c_Ontario/Aj2bp65Y">Pembroke, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Whitewater_Region/fIT6vHTU">Westmeath, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Waltham%2c_Quebec/7SX0N8QF">Waltham, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Mansfield-et-Pontefract/RMPdb8wu">Davidson, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fort-Coulonge%2c_Quebec/T2TsefRV">Fort-Coulonge, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Whitewater_Region%2c_Ontario/fIT6vHTU">La Passe, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Campbell%2527s_Bay%2c_Quebec/wuYEoK0u">Campbell's Bay, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bryson%2c_Quebec/rx5oRwSe">Bryson, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Portage-du-Fort%2c_Quebec/XpjF201H">Portage-du-Fort, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Bristol%2c_Quebec/Y7YRWvQc">Bristol, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Norway_Bay%2c_Quebec/Y7YRWvQc">Norway Bay, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/McNab%2fBraeside/2j2Gbn9M">Braeside, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Arnprior%2c_Ontario/7JnDuTDb">Arnprior, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fitzroy_Harbour%2c_Ontario/rj6wyNLb">Fitzroy Harbour, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Quyon%2c_Quebec/XG9I4eao">Quyon, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Constance_Bay%2c_Ontario/41tQYgtQ">Constance Bay, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Aylmer%2c_Quebec/sF2RKMza">Aylmer, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ottawa/x5FkqX7F">Ottawa, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gatineau/6TracWk2">Gatineau, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Masson-Angers%2c_Quebec/YzKeYNl4">Masson-Angers, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cumberland%2c_Ottawa/BE5m87yo">Cumberland, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rockland%2c_Ontario/NpbXQ6Fv">Rockland, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Thurso%2c_Quebec/cfXf7EsS">Thurso, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Alfred_and_Plantagenet/fNX5Fa76">Wendover, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Plaisance%2c_Quebec/XAhHpakW">Plaisance, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Papineauville%2c_Quebec/bvM1ILgA">Papineauville, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Montebello%2c_Quebec/zIFvvW0C">Montebello, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fassett%2c_Quebec/etMVVzUc">Fassett, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/L%2527Orignal%2c_Ontario/gWCncXp6">L'Orignal, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Grenville%2c_Quebec/mR6mr0Eq">Grenville, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hawkesbury%2c_Ontario/Ex0lLNBA">Hawkesbury, Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Saint-Andr%25C3%25A9-d%2527Argenteuil/9Wk2lhBC">Carillon, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pointe-Fortune%2c_Quebec/oWF6H82T">Pointe-Fortune, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Saint-Andr%25C3%25A9-d%2527Argenteuil/9Wk2lhBC">Saint-André-Est, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rigaud%2c_Quebec/1AHG4Eky">Rigaud, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Saint-Placide%2c_Quebec/0eap9mTg">Saint-Placide, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Kanesatake/zsYT2uh7">Kanesatake</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hudson%2c_Quebec/mn9CBNra">Hudson, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Oka%2c_Quebec/1wYbxFWt">Oka, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vaudreuil-sur-le-Lac%2c_Quebec/TztRnr9S">Vaudreuil-sur-le-Lac, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/L%2527%25C3%258Ele-Cadieux/fVYjgYGU">L'Île-Cadieux, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vaudreuil-Dorion/nmhcrL47">Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Terrasse-Vaudreuil%2c_Quebec/dT1Ew3sj">Terrasse-Vaudreuil, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pincourt%2c_Quebec/M9snb8TU">Pincourt, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pointe-des-Cascades%2c_Quebec/bGXPklsz">Pointe-des-Cascades, Quebec</a></li></ul> <h3>Islands</h3> <h4>Ontario</h4> <ul><li>Alexandra Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li>Aylmer Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li>Basil Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li>Bate Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li>Beacon Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li> <li>Beckett Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></li> <li>Bell Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li>Big Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li>Big Elbow Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li>Bruyère Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li> <li>Burnt Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li>Butternut Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li> <li>Carl Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li>Cedar Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li>Chapman Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li>Chartrand Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li>Chenaux Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a></li> <li>Christie Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></li> <li>Clarence Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li>Coreille Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a></li> <li>Corinne Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a></li> <li>Cornelius Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cotnam_Island/AlzXMYIh">Cotnam Island</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></li> <li>Crab Islands<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></li> <li>Cunningam Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li>Cushing Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></li> <li>Daisy Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li> <li>Davis Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li> <li>Deep River Islet<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></li> <li>Demers Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li>Dow Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></li> <li>Dunlop Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li>Dupras Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></li> <li>Dutch Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li>Ellis Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></li> <li>Evelyn Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></li> <li>Farr Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></li> <li>Fish Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li> <li>Fraser Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></li> <li>Fury Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></li> <li>Gibraltar Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a></li> <li>Green Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></li> <li>Gutzman Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></li> <li>Hamilton Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a></li> <li>Haycock Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></li> <li>Hazel Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></li> <li>Hazelton Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></li> <li>Hen Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></li> <li>Hog Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></li> <li>Houston Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></li> <li>Île Chénier<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></li> <li>Île du Chenail<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></li> <li>Île Ste-Rosalie<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></li> <li>Île Young</li> <li>Irving Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></li> <li>Jamieson Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></li> <li>John Joe Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a></li> <li>Kate Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a></li> <li>Kedey's Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></li> <li>King Edward Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></li> <li>Latour Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Lemieux_Island/XPfqMsnV">Lemieux Island</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></li> <li>Lillian Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a></li> <li>Lorne Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></li> <li>Louise Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a></li> <li>Lower Duck Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></li> <li>Lumpy Denommee's Island</li> <li>Mackie Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></li> <li>Man Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></li> <li>Meadow Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></li> <li>Merrill Island <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a></li> <li>Metcalf Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></li> <li>Miller Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></li> <li>Morris Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a></li> <li>Nichol's Island</li> <li>Oak Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></li> <li>O'Meara Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a></li> <li>Parker Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a></li> <li>Pearl Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Petrie_Island/YWGhFpM3">Petrie Island</a></li> <li>Pink Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a></li> <li>Poker Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a></li> <li>Princess Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a></li> <li>Ramsey Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a></li> <li>Randolph Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a></li> <li>Rempnouix Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a></li> <li>Riopelle Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a></li> <li>Rocher Capitaine Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a></li> <li>Ruby Islet<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a></li> <li>Sack's Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a></li> <li>Sandbar Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a></li> <li>Santa Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a></li> <li>Sawlog Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a></li> <li>Shoal Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a></li> <li>Short Turn Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a></li> <li>Steamer Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a></li> <li>Snake Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112"><sup>112</sup></a></li> <li>Sullivan Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113"><sup>113</sup></a></li> <li>Upper Duck Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114"><sup>114</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Victoria_Island_(Ottawa_River)/6jEBACyl">Victoria Island</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115"><sup>115</sup></a></li> <li>Wabewawa Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116"><sup>116</sup></a></li> <li>Willson Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117"><sup>117</sup></a></li> <li>Windsor Island<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118"><sup>118</sup></a></li></ul> <h4>Quebec</h4> <ul><li>L'Île<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119"><sup>119</sup></a></li> <li>Île Allen<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120"><sup>120</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/%25C3%258Ele_aux_Allumettes/qI4kdwun">Île aux Allumettes</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121"><sup>121</sup></a></li> <li>Île Armstrong<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122"><sup>122</sup></a></li> <li>Île Avelle<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123"><sup>123</sup></a></li> <li>Bald Rock<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124"><sup>124</sup></a></li> <li>Île Béique<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125"><sup>125</sup></a></li> <li>Îles Benny<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126"><sup>126</sup></a></li> <li>Île Bernard<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127"><sup>127</sup></a></li> <li>Île Bernardin<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128"><sup>128</sup></a></li> <li>Île Berry<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129"><sup>129</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Bertrand<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130"><sup>130</sup></a></li> <li>Île Boom<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131"><sup>131</sup></a></li> <li>Île Bray<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132"><sup>132</sup></a></li> <li>Île Brisseau<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133"><sup>133</sup></a></li> <li>Île Brunet<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:134" href="#fn:134"><sup>134</sup></a></li> <li>Île Bryson<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:135" href="#fn:135"><sup>135</sup></a></li> <li>Île Cadieux<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:136" href="#fn:136"><sup>136</sup></a></li> <li>Île Cobb<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:137" href="#fn:137"><sup>137</sup></a></li> <li>Île de Carillon<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:138" href="#fn:138"><sup>138</sup></a></li> <li>Île du Centre<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:139" href="#fn:139"><sup>139</sup></a></li> <li>Île du Chef<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:140" href="#fn:140"><sup>140</sup></a></li> <li>Île du Chenal Blind<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:141" href="#fn:141"><sup>141</sup></a></li> <li>Île du Chicot<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:142" href="#fn:142"><sup>142</sup></a></li> <li>Îles à Cole<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:143" href="#fn:143"><sup>143</sup></a></li> <li>Île du Collège<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:144" href="#fn:144"><sup>144</sup></a></li> <li>Île de la Compagnie<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:145" href="#fn:145"><sup>145</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Cowley<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:146" href="#fn:146"><sup>146</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Crépault<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:147" href="#fn:147"><sup>147</sup></a></li> <li>Île D'Arcy<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:148" href="#fn:148"><sup>148</sup></a></li> <li>Île Davidson<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:149" href="#fn:149"><sup>149</sup></a></li> <li>Île Dog<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:150" href="#fn:150"><sup>150</sup></a></li> <li>Île Dubé<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:151" href="#fn:151"><sup>151</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Everill<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:152" href="#fn:152"><sup>152</sup></a></li> <li>Île Fer à Cheval<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:153" href="#fn:153"><sup>153</sup></a></li> <li>Île du Finlandais<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:154" href="#fn:154"><sup>154</sup></a></li> <li>Îles Finlay<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:155" href="#fn:155"><sup>155</sup></a></li> <li>Île Fitzpatrick<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:156" href="#fn:156"><sup>156</sup></a></li> <li>Île au Foin<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:157" href="#fn:157"><sup>157</sup></a></li> <li>Île Fox (Pontiac)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:158" href="#fn:158"><sup>158</sup></a></li> <li>Île Fox (Témiscamingue)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:159" href="#fn:159"><sup>159</sup></a></li> <li>Île French<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:160" href="#fn:160"><sup>160</sup></a></li> <li>Île Frigon<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:161" href="#fn:161"><sup>161</sup></a></li> <li>Île Gagnon<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:162" href="#fn:162"><sup>162</sup></a></li> <li>Rocher à Gillis<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:163" href="#fn:163"><sup>163</sup></a></li> <li>Rochers aux Goélands<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:164" href="#fn:164"><sup>164</sup></a></li> <li>Île Graham<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:165" href="#fn:165"><sup>165</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/%25C3%258Ele_du_Grand_Calumet/zAqINM8E">Île du Grand Calumet</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:166" href="#fn:166"><sup>166</sup></a></li> <li>Île Green<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:167" href="#fn:167"><sup>167</sup></a></li> <li>Île Greene<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:168" href="#fn:168"><sup>168</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Griffin<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:169" href="#fn:169"><sup>169</sup></a></li> <li>Île Harbec<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:170" href="#fn:170"><sup>170</sup></a></li> <li>Île Hemlock<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:171" href="#fn:171"><sup>171</sup></a></li> <li>Île Henry<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:172" href="#fn:172"><sup>172</sup></a></li> <li>Île Hiam<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:173" href="#fn:173"><sup>173</sup></a></li> <li>Île Jacey<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:174" href="#fn:174"><sup>174</sup></a></li> <li>Île John-Park<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:175" href="#fn:175"><sup>175</sup></a></li> <li>Île Jones<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:176" href="#fn:176"><sup>176</sup></a></li> <li>Îles Jumelles<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:177" href="#fn:177"><sup>177</sup></a></li> <li>Île Kettle<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:178" href="#fn:178"><sup>178</sup></a></li> <li>Île Lafleur<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:179" href="#fn:179"><sup>179</sup></a></li> <li>Île Lafontaine<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:180" href="#fn:180"><sup>180</sup></a></li> <li>Île Lasalle<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:181" href="#fn:181"><sup>181</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Lawn<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:182" href="#fn:182"><sup>182</sup></a></li> <li>Île Leblanc<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:183" href="#fn:183"><sup>183</sup></a></li> <li>Île Lemoine<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:184" href="#fn:184"><sup>184</sup></a></li> <li>Île Leroux<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:185" href="#fn:185"><sup>185</sup></a></li> <li>Île Lighthouse (L'Isle-aux-Allumettes)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:186" href="#fn:186"><sup>186</sup></a></li> <li>Île Lighthouse (Bristol)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:187" href="#fn:187"><sup>187</sup></a></li> <li>Île Limerick<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:188" href="#fn:188"><sup>188</sup></a></li> <li>Petite île Limerick<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:189" href="#fn:189"><sup>189</sup></a></li> <li>Île Lorelei<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:190" href="#fn:190"><sup>190</sup></a></li> <li>Île Mann<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:191" href="#fn:191"><sup>191</sup></a></li> <li>Île Marcotte<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:192" href="#fn:192"><sup>192</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Marion<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:193" href="#fn:193"><sup>193</sup></a></li> <li>Île Mohr<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:194" href="#fn:194"><sup>194</sup></a></li> <li>Île Morrison<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:195" href="#fn:195"><sup>195</sup></a></li> <li>Île Mulligan<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:196" href="#fn:196"><sup>196</sup></a></li> <li>Île O'Connor<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:197" href="#fn:197"><sup>197</sup></a></li> <li>Île Oscar-Béchamp<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:198" href="#fn:198"><sup>198</sup></a></li> <li>Île Oster<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:199" href="#fn:199"><sup>199</sup></a></li> <li>Île Paquin<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:200" href="#fn:200"><sup>200</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Payne<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:201" href="#fn:201"><sup>201</sup></a></li> <li>Îles Pelley<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:202" href="#fn:202"><sup>202</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/%25C3%258Ele_Philemon/jVL0caRH">Île Philemon</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:203" href="#fn:203"><sup>203</sup></a></li> <li>Île Pigs<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:204" href="#fn:204"><sup>204</sup></a></li> <li>Île aux Pins<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:205" href="#fn:205"><sup>205</sup></a></li> <li>Île des Quinze<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:206" href="#fn:206"><sup>206</sup></a></li> <li>Île Rainville<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:207" href="#fn:207"><sup>207</sup></a></li> <li>Île des Rapides<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:208" href="#fn:208"><sup>208</sup></a></li> <li>Île du Refuge<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:209" href="#fn:209"><sup>209</sup></a></li> <li>Île Reid (Clarendon)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:210" href="#fn:210"><sup>210</sup></a></li> <li>Île Reid (L'Isle-aux-Allumettes)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:211" href="#fn:211"><sup>211</sup></a></li> <li>Île Rita<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:212" href="#fn:212"><sup>212</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Ritté<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:213" href="#fn:213"><sup>213</sup></a></li> <li>Île du Rocher Fendu<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:214" href="#fn:214"><sup>214</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Rouleau<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:215" href="#fn:215"><sup>215</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Roussin<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:216" href="#fn:216"><sup>216</sup></a></li> <li>Île de Sable<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:217" href="#fn:217"><sup>217</sup></a></li> <li>Petite île Sèche<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:218" href="#fn:218"><sup>218</sup></a></li> <li>La Semelle<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:219" href="#fn:219"><sup>219</sup></a></li> <li>Île Smith<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:220" href="#fn:220"><sup>220</sup></a></li> <li>Île Snake<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:221" href="#fn:221"><sup>221</sup></a></li> <li>Île des Soeurs<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:222" href="#fn:222"><sup>222</sup></a></li> <li>Île Soulier<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:223" href="#fn:223"><sup>223</sup></a></li> <li>Île Squelette<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:224" href="#fn:224"><sup>224</sup></a></li> <li>Île Submergée<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:225" href="#fn:225"><sup>225</sup></a></li> <li>Île Sunset<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:226" href="#fn:226"><sup>226</sup></a></li> <li>Île Todd<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:227" href="#fn:227"><sup>227</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Tom<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:228" href="#fn:228"><sup>228</sup></a></li> <li>Île à Tom-Simon<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:229" href="#fn:229"><sup>229</sup></a></li> <li>Île aux Tourtes<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:230" href="#fn:230"><sup>230</sup></a></li> <li>Île Verte<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:231" href="#fn:231"><sup>231</sup></a></li> <li>Île Victoria<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:232" href="#fn:232"><sup>232</sup></a></li> <li>Île Wickens<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:233" href="#fn:233"><sup>233</sup></a></li> <li>Île Winneway<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:234" href="#fn:234"><sup>234</sup></a></li> <li>Île Woods<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:235" href="#fn:235"><sup>235</sup></a></li> <li>Île Wight<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:236" href="#fn:236"><sup>236</sup></a></li> <li>Île Young (Pontiac)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:237" href="#fn:237"><sup>237</sup></a></li> <li>Île Young (Gatineau)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:238" href="#fn:238"><sup>238</sup></a></li> <li>Île Yvette-Naubert<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:239" href="#fn:239"><sup>239</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="geology">Geology</h2> <p>The Ottawa River lies in the <a href="/facts/Ottawa-Bonnechere_Graben/sPCKj6Nm">Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben</a>, which is a <a href="/facts/Mesozoic/yYsvXGPa">Mesozoic</a> <a href="/facts/Rift_valley/UFkcaPew">rift valley</a> that formed 175 million years ago. Much of the river flows through the Canadian Shield, although lower areas flow through limestone plains and glacial deposits.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:240" href="#fn:240"><sup>240</sup></a> </p><p>As the <a href="/facts/Glacier/8GrKVUSS">glacial ice sheet</a> began to retreat at the end of the <a href="/facts/Last_glacial_period/mIYwj8e9">last ice age</a>, the Ottawa River valley, which, along with the <a href="/facts/St._Lawrence_River/5DvCUBp4">St. Lawrence River</a> valley and <a href="/facts/Lake_Champlain/KpoWUa40">Lake Champlain</a>, had been depressed to below <a href="/facts/Sea_level/mDhuI7Xe">sea level</a> by the glacier's weight, filled with sea water.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:241" href="#fn:241"><sup>241</sup></a> The resulting arm of the <a href="/facts/Atlantic_Ocean/EI4uChIb">ocean</a> is known as the <a href="/facts/Champlain_Sea/h8pUvsol">Champlain Sea</a>. Fossil remains of marine life dating 12 to 10 thousand years ago have been found in marine <a href="/facts/Clay/xnwouEkB">clay</a> throughout the region. Sand deposits from this era have produced vast plains, often dominated by pine forests, as well as localized areas of sand dunes, such as Westmeath and Constance Bay.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:242" href="#fn:242"><sup>242</sup></a> Clay deposits from this period have resulted in areas of poor drainage, large swamps, and peat <a href="/facts/Bog/LuPbb2qV">bogs</a> in some ancient channels of this river. Hence, the distribution of forests and wetlands is very much a product of these past glacial events.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:243" href="#fn:243"><sup>243</sup></a> </p> <p>Large deposits of a material commonly known as <a href="/facts/Quick_clay/hVtUzQna">Leda clay</a> also formed. These deposits become highly unstable after heavy rains. Numerous <a href="/facts/Landslide/sXSzA31e">landslides</a> have occurred as a result. The former site of the town of <a href="/facts/Lemieux%2c_Ontario/g82mb6I3">Lemieux, Ontario</a> collapsed into the <a href="/facts/South_Nation_River/9Yuqgdvw">South Nation River</a> in 1993. The town's residents had previously been relocated because of the suspected instability of the earth in that location. </p><p>As the land gradually <a href="/facts/Isostatic_rebound/3bv6f1B6">rose again</a> the sea coast retreated and the fresh water courses of today took shape. Following the demise of the Champlain Sea the Ottawa River Valley continued to drain the waters of the emerging Upper Great Lakes basin through <a href="/facts/Lake_Nipissing/d1zLWn2f">Lake Nipissing</a> and the <a href="/facts/Mattawa_River/vduAMGxG">Mattawa River</a>. Owing to the ongoing uplift of the land, the eastward flow became blocked around 4000 years ago. Thereafter Lake Nipissing drained westward, through the <a href="/facts/French_River_(Ontario)/vAPcXTh2">French River</a> which later became a link in the historic canoe route to the West.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:244" href="#fn:244"><sup>244</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/Ottawa_River_timber_trade/SbqaHcET">Ottawa River timber trade</a></p> <p>As it does to this day, the river played a vital role in life of the <a href="/facts/Algonquin_people/ghBJNMo6">Algonquin people</a>, who lived throughout its watershed at contact. The river is called <i>Kichisìpi</i>, meaning "Great River" in <a href="/facts/Algonquin_language/gbt7tWRw">Anicinàbemowin</a>, the Algonquin language. The Algonquin define themselves in terms of their position on the river, referring to themselves as the Omàmiwinini, 'down-river people'. Although a majority of the Algonquin First Nation lives in Quebec, the entire Ottawa Valley is Algonquin traditional territory. Present settlement is a result of adaptations made as a result of settler pressures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:245" href="#fn:245"><sup>245</sup></a> </p> <p>Some early European explorers, possibly considering the Ottawa River to be more significant than the Upper St. Lawrence River, applied the name <i>River Canada</i> to the Ottawa River and the St. Lawrence River below the confluence at Montreal. As the extent of the <a href="/facts/Great_Lakes/Fd7pDkPX">Great Lakes</a> became clear and the river began to be regarded as a tributary, it was variously known as the <i>Grand River</i>, "Great River" or <i>Grand River of the Algonquins</i> before the present name was settled upon. This name change resulted from the <a href="/facts/Ottawa_(tribe)/QMakd7XX">Ottawa peoples</a>' control of the river circa 1685. However, only one band of Ottawa, the Kinouncherpirini or Keinouch, ever inhabited the <a href="/facts/Ottawa_Valley/VQ0Jokym">Ottawa Valley</a>. </p><p>In 1615, <a href="/facts/Samuel_de_Champlain/jRhnMcAD">Samuel de Champlain</a> and <a href="/facts/%25C3%2589tienne_Br%25C3%25BBl%25C3%25A9/dTtDLDoa">Étienne Brûlé</a>, assisted by Algonquin guides, were the first Europeans to travel up the Ottawa River and follow the water route west along the Mattawa and French Rivers to the Great Lakes. See <a href="/facts/Canadian_Canoe_Routes_(early)/SrBvGVlS">Canadian Canoe Routes (early)</a>. For the following two centuries, this route was used by <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">French</a> <a href="/facts/Fur_trade/VlU2wVoG">fur traders</a>, <a href="/facts/Voyageurs/55ur1fpv">voyageurs</a> and <a href="/facts/Coureurs_des_bois/PDpp3WMu">coureurs des bois</a> to Canada's interior. The river posed serious hazards to these travellers. The section near <a href="/facts/Head%2c_Clara_and_Maria%2c_Ontario/vjzu16WJ">Deux Rivières</a> used to have spectacular and wild rapids, namely the <i>Rapide de la Veillée</i>, the <i>Trou</i>, the <i>Rapide des Deux Rivières</i>, and the <i>Rapide de la Roche Capitaine</i>. (These rapids are now submerged under the reservoir of Holden Lake.) In 1800, explorer Daniel Harmon reported 14 crosses marking the deaths of voyageurs who had drowned in the dangerous waters along this section of the Ottawa.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:246" href="#fn:246"><sup>246</sup></a> </p><p>The main trading posts along the river were: <a href="/facts/The_Fur_Trade_at_Lachine_National_Historic_Site/uAIIKHmG">Lachine</a>, <a href="/facts/Fort-Coulonge%2c_Quebec/T2TsefRV">Fort Coulonge</a>, <a href="/facts/Sheenboro%2c_Quebec/KrYVB7ET">Lac des Allumettes</a>, <a href="/facts/Mattawa%2c_Ontario/jI0bNVG6">Mattawa House</a>, where west-bound canoes left the river and <a href="/facts/Fort_T%25C3%25A9miscamingue/RU6BnfII">Fort Témiscamingue</a>. From Lake Timiskaming a portage led north to the <a href="/facts/Abitibi_River/LeYFE3mq">Abitibi River</a> and James Bay. </p><p>In the early 19th century, the Ottawa River and its tributaries were used to gain access to large virgin forests of <a href="/facts/Eastern_White_Pine/bWl73Ehe">white pine</a>. A booming <a href="/facts/Lumber_industry_on_the_Ottawa_River/SbqaHcET">trade in timber</a> developed, and large <a href="/facts/Timber_rafting/wwC5848Q">rafts of logs</a> were floated down the river. A scattering of small subsistence farming communities developed along the shores of the river to provide manpower for the <a href="/facts/Lumber_camp/VrTyQ1xK">lumber camps</a> in winter. In 1832, following the <a href="/facts/War_of_1812/D94xlnn8">War of 1812</a>, the Ottawa River gained strategic importance when the <a href="/facts/Carillon_Canal/9IU27l6z">Carillon Canal</a> was completed. Together with the <a href="/facts/Rideau_Canal/zpsu9An3">Rideau Canal</a>, the Carillon Canal was constructed to provide an alternate military supply route to <a href="/facts/Kingston%2c_Ontario/T6VmsSx4">Kingston</a> and <a href="/facts/Lake_Ontario/CVDvjIAu">Lake Ontario</a>, bypassing the route along the <a href="/facts/Saint_Lawrence_River/5DvCUBp4">Saint Lawrence River</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:247" href="#fn:247"><sup>247</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="power-generation">Power generation</h2> <p>A pulp and paper mill (at <a href="/facts/T%25C3%25A9miscaming/PPaHrdkR">Témiscaming</a>) and several <a href="/facts/Hydroelectricity/zEeJIK2B">hydroelectric</a> dams have been constructed on the river. In 1950, the dam at <a href="/facts/Rapides-des-Joachims%2c_Quebec/qTWJGDSo">Rapides-des-Joachims</a> was built, forming Holden Lake behind it and thereby submerging the rapids and portages at Deux Rivières.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:248" href="#fn:248"><sup>248</sup></a> These hydro dams have had negative effects upon shoreline and wetland ecosystems,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:249" href="#fn:249"><sup>249</sup></a> and are thought to also be responsible for the near extermination of <a href="/facts/American_eel/Je2mnEug">American eels</a>, which were once an abundant species in the river, but which are now uncommon.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:250" href="#fn:250"><sup>250</sup></a> As an economic route, its importance was eclipsed by railroad and highways in the 20th century. It is no longer used for log driving, however, it is still extensively used for recreational boating. Some 20,000 pleasure boaters visit the Carillon Canal annually.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:251" href="#fn:251"><sup>251</sup></a> </p><p>Today, <a href="/facts/Outaouais_Herald_Emeritus/sQWDe5HF">Outaouais Herald Emeritus</a> at the <a href="/facts/Canadian_Heraldic_Authority/sQWDe5HF">Canadian Heraldic Authority</a> is named after the river. </p> <h3>Hydroelectric installations</h3> <p>Hydroelectric installations on the Upper Ottawa (in downstream order): </p> <table><tbody><tr><td>Installation</td><td>Type</td><td>Generating cap.</td><td>Year built</td><td>Name of reservoir</td><td>Operator</td></tr><tr><td>Bourque Dam</td><td>Dam</td><td>n/a</td><td>1949</td><td><a href="/facts/Dozois_Reservoir/Mr9Rs8Dc">Dozois Reservoir</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Hydro-Qu%25C3%25A9bec/ybK3cWbR">Hydro-Québec</a></td></tr><tr><td>Rapide-7</td><td>Generating station</td><td>48 MW</td><td>1941 / 1949</td><td>Decelles Lake</td><td>Hydro-Québec</td></tr><tr><td>Rapide-2</td><td><a href="/facts/Run-of-the-river_hydroelectricity/CQxNA8L0">Run of river</a> g.s.</td><td>48 MW</td><td>1954</td><td>n/a</td><td>Hydro-Québec</td></tr><tr><td>Rapides-des-Quinze</td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>95 MW</td><td>1923</td><td>n/a</td><td>Hydro-Québec</td></tr><tr><td>Rapides-des-Îles</td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>147 MW</td><td>1966</td><td>n/a</td><td>Hydro-Québec</td></tr><tr><td>Première-Chute</td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>130 MW</td><td>1968</td><td>n/a</td><td>Hydro-Québec</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lower Ottawa (in downstream order): </p> <table><tbody><tr><td>Installation</td><td>Type</td><td>Generating cap.</td><td>Year built</td><td>Name of reservoir</td><td>Operator</td></tr><tr><td>Otto Holden</td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>243 MW</td><td>1952</td><td>n/a</td><td><a href="/facts/Ontario_Power_Generation/kSr3P7m6">Ontario Power Generation</a></td></tr><tr><td>Des Joachims</td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>429 MW</td><td>1950</td><td>Holden Lake</td><td>Ontario Power Generation</td></tr><tr><td>Bryson</td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>61 MW</td><td>1925</td><td>n/a</td><td>Hydro-Québec</td></tr><tr><td>Chenaux</td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>144 MW</td><td>1950</td><td>n/a</td><td>Ontario Power Generation</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Chats_Falls_Generating_Station/TLTTtHmw">Chute-des-Chats (Chats Falls)</a></td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>185 MW</td><td>1931</td><td>Lac des Chats</td><td>Hydro-Québec and OPG *</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Hull-2/6jEBACyl">Hull-2</a></td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>27 MW</td><td>1920</td><td>n/a</td><td>Hydro-Québec</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Carillon_Generating_Station/rYYLjRr4">Carillon</a></td><td>Run of river g.s.</td><td>752 MW</td><td>1962</td><td>n/a</td><td>Hydro-Québec</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>* Ontario Power Generation operates generators 2, 3, 4, and 5 with a capacity of 96 MW; and Hydro-Québec operates generators 6, 7, 8, and 9 with a capacity of 89 MW. </p> Ottawa River overlooking <a href="/facts/Parliament_Hill/zDlBXWhr">Parliament Hill</a> to the left and the <a href="/facts/Canadian_Museum_of_History/zCEm0nYe">Canadian Museum of History</a> to the right <h2 id="protected-areas">Protected areas</h2> <p>Numerous non-contiguous areas of the Ottawa River and its shores are protected in a variety of provincial parks, conservation areas, and municipal parks.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:252" href="#fn:252"><sup>252</sup></a> </p><p>In Quebec, there are 3 national parks directly along the Ottawa River (<a href="/facts/Oka_National_Park/zvFNYXjj">Oka National Park</a>, <a href="/facts/Plaisance_National_Park/2AsV9ylK">Plaisance National Park</a>, and <a href="/facts/Op%25C3%25A9mican_National_Park/lT0y33qU">Opémican National Park</a>), as well as one major nature reserve through which the river runs (<a href="/facts/La_V%25C3%25A9rendrye_Wildlife_Reserve/nkkfpIAH">La Vérendrye Wildlife Reserve</a>). Several ZECs (<a href="/facts/Zone_d%2527exploitation_contr%25C3%25B4l%25C3%25A9e/p2gIxe7K">zone d'exploitation contrôlée</a>) also line the Ottawa River.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:253" href="#fn:253"><sup>253</sup></a> </p><p>Ontario has 7 provincial parks along the banks of the Ottawa River: <a href="/facts/Voyageur_Provincial_Park/yK1b8eub">Voyageur Provincial Park</a>, <a href="/facts/Fitzroy_Provincial_Park/MloGtBnw">Fitzroy Provincial Park</a>, Ottawa River Provincial Park, <a href="/facts/Westmeath_Provincial_Park/E6mg19rR">Westmeath Provincial Park</a>, Petawawa Terrace Provincial Park, <a href="/facts/Driftwood_Provincial_Park/2CtVy8zg">Driftwood Provincial Park</a>, and Alexander Lake Forest Provincial Park).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:254" href="#fn:254"><sup>254</sup></a> </p> <h3>Ottawa River Provincial Park</h3> <p>The Ottawa River Provincial Park is in the Township of <a href="/facts/Whitewater_Region/fIT6vHTU">Whitewater Region</a>, Ontario, protecting a series of pristine islands and a small undeveloped section of shoreline along the Ontario side of the Ottawa River.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:255" href="#fn:255"><sup>255</sup></a> This section of the Ottawa River is known for its <a href="/facts/Whitewater/tTP3NQWX">whitewater</a>, and is used by a number of commercial rafting companies and many recreational kayakers and canoeists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:256" href="#fn:256"><sup>256</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:257" href="#fn:257"><sup>257</sup></a> </p><p>The park is a non-operating park, meaning that there are no services and facilities for visitors. The park can be used for backcountry camping, whitewater canoeing, swimming, hunting, and fishing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:258" href="#fn:258"><sup>258</sup></a> </p><p>Some of the islands included in the park are Big, Butternut, Cedar, Hazelton, and Lorne Islands, in addition to many unnamed islands. They consists of marble bedrock or low-lying alluvial sands and silts. A total of sixteen regionally significant plant species, such as little bluestem (<i><a href="/facts/Andropogon_scoparius/nzKWNtqe">Andropogon scoparius</a></i>), cordgrass (<i><a href="/facts/Spartina_pectinata/or8H6a3B">Spartina pectinata</a></i>) and Indiangrass (<i><a href="/facts/Sorghastrum_nutans/GpeWammf">Sorghastrum nutans</a></i>) have been found in the park, as well as the nationally significant lake cress (<i><a href="/facts/Rorippa_aquatica/wlyCq9MV">Rorippa aquatica</a></i>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:259" href="#fn:259"><sup>259</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Ontario portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Lac_Desch%25C3%25AAnes/sleb7Ha9">Lac Deschênes</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Ontario_rivers/aIrGEY6l">List of Ontario rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_crossings_of_the_Ottawa_River/VUPRIUfy">List of crossings of the Ottawa River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_islands_of_Ontario/y5hwvGtG">List of islands of Ontario#Ottawa River</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_longest_rivers_of_Canada/hthToq7m">List of longest rivers of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Southern_Ontario/17YJU0fK">Southern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Eastern_Ontario/Jy6ACSaT">Eastern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_Quebec_rivers/vUeK3hWo">List of Quebec rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rivi%25C3%25A8re_des_Mille_%25C3%258Eles/fIBRc5FT">Rivière des Mille Îles</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rivi%25C3%25A8re_des_Prairies/g7cYtlVu">Rivière des Prairies</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ottawa River. <ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090331043113/http://www.ogwa-hydrog.ca/">Ottawa-Gatineau Watershed Atlas (OGWA)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ottawariver.ca/">Ottawa River Regulation Planning Board</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ottawariverkeeper.ca/">Ottawa Riverkeeper</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228052929/http://www.greatcanadianrivers.com/rivers/ottawa/culture-home.html">The Ottawa River</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.tolatsga.org/alg.html">Algonkin History</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050107094124/http://www.tolatsga.org/alg.html">Archived</a> 2005-01-07 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Facts about Canada: Rivers". Natural Resources Canada/Atlas of Canada. Archived from the original on 2013-01-22. Retrieved 2008-02-24. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130122002203/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130122002203/http://atlas.nrcan.gc.ca/site/english/learningresources/facts/rivers.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"The Ottawa River: By the Numbers". CBC. October 16, 2008. Retrieved May 9, 2022. <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/the-ottawa-river-by-the-numbers-1.750814" target="_blank">https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/the-ottawa-river-by-the-numbers-1.750814</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Monthly and Annual Mean Water Levels in Metres From 1950, Ottawa River at Carillon". Ottawa River Regulation Planning Board. Retrieved 2020-06-23. <a href="http://ottawariver.ca/information/historical-water-level-streamflow-summary/ottawa-river-at-carillon/" target="_blank">http://ottawariver.ca/information/historical-water-level-streamflow-summary/ottawa-river-at-carillon/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Anderson, T.W. 1989. Vegetation changes over 12000 years. Geos (3) 39-47. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Braun, E.L. 1950. Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America. The Blakiston Co., Philadelphia, PA. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Keddy, P.A. 2008. Earth, Water, Fire. An Ecological Profile of Lanark County. General Store Publishing House, Renfrew, Ontario. (revised from first edition 1999). <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Catling, P. and V. Brownell. 1999. Pages 392-405 in the book Anderson, R.C., J.S. Fralish and J.M. Baskin. 1999. Savannas, Barrens, and Rock Outcrop Plant Communities of North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Hughson, J.W. and C.C. J. Bond. 1965. Hurling Down the Pine. The Historical Society of the Gatineau, Old Chelsea, Quebec. First edition 1964, Revised second edition 1965. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Keddy, C.J. 1993. Forest History of Eastern Ontario. Prepared for the Eastern Ontario Model Forest Group, Kemptville <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Howe, C.D. 1915. The effect of repeated forest fires upon the reproduction of commercial species in Peterborough County, Ontario. Pages 116-211 in Forest Protection in Canada, 1913 1914, Commission of Conservation of Canada, William Briggs, Toronto. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Henry, M. and P. Quinby. 2009. Ontario Old Growth Forests. Fitzhenry and Whiteside, Markham, Ontario <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Darbyshire, S.J. 1981. Upper Duck and Lower Duck Islands. Trail and Landscape 15:133-139. <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Brunton, D.F. 1992. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 6-12. A Review and Assessment of Significant Natural Areas. Report prepared for Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Kemptville, Ontario. <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Ecosystem Diversity Archived 2012-04-24 at the Wayback Machine. ottawariverkeeper.ca. Retrieved on 2013-07-12. <a href="http://ottawariverkeeper.ca/river/ecosystem_diversity/" target="_blank">http://ottawariverkeeper.ca/river/ecosystem_diversity/</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Toner, M, and P. Keddy. 1997. River hydrology and riparian wetlands: a predictive model for ecological assembly. Ecological Applications 7: 236-246 <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Brunton, D.F. and B.M. Di Labio. Diversity and ecological characteristics of emergent beach flora along the Ottawa River in the Ottawa-Hull region, Quebec and Ontario. Naturaliste canadien 116: 179-191. <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Day, R., P.A. Keddy, J. McNeill and T. Carleton. 1988. Fertility and disturbance gradients: a summary model for riverine marsh vegetation. Ecology 69:1044-1054 <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Brunton, D.F. 1992. Life Science Areas of Natural and Scientific Interest in Site District 6-12. A Review and Assessment of Significant Natural Areas. Report prepared for Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Kemptville, Ontario. <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Alexandra Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FACHM" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FACHM</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Aylmer Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEGAQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEGAQ</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>"Basil Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAFJY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAFJY</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Bate Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEGJM" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEGJM</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"Beacon Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAFQI" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAFQI</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>"Beckett Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAGNZ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAGNZ</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"Bell Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAGYB" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAGYB</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"Big Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAHZT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAHZT</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"Big Elbow Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAHWT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAHWT</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:29"><p>"Bruyère Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAMIA" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAMIA</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:30"><p>"Burnt Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FANAW" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FANAW</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:31"><p>"Butternut Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FANLP" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FANLP</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:32"><p>"Carl Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAOXA" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAOXA</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:33"><p>"Cedar Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAPLC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAPLC</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:34"><p>"Chapman Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAPYC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAPYC</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:35"><p>"Chartrand Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQCH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQCH</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:36"><p>"Chenaux Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQCH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQCH</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:37"><p>"Christie Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQST" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQST</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:38"><p>"Clarence Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQGV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQGV</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:39"><p>"Coreille Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATCQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATCQ</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:40"><p>"Corinne Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATCZ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATCZ</a> <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:41"><p>"Cornelius Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATEV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATEV</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:42"><p>"Cotnam Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATJT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATJT</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:43"><p>"Crab Islands". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATSO" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FATSO</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:44"><p>"Cunningham Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAUYG" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAUYG</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:45"><p>"Cushing Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAVAT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAVAT</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:46"><p>"Daisy Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAVEL" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAVEL</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:47"><p>"Davis Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAVOT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAVOT</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:48"><p>"Deep River Islet". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAWAO" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAWAO</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:49"><p>"Demers Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAWIM" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAWIM</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:50"><p>"Dow Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAZOL" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAZOL</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:51"><p>"Dunlop Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBAMQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBAMQ</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:52"><p>"Dupras Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBAOZ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBAOZ</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:53"><p>"Dutch Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBARC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBARC</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:54"><p>"Ellis Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBCHY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBCHY</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:55"><p>"Evelyn Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBDCU" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBDCU</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:56"><p>"Farr Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBDQN" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBDQN</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:57"><p>"Fish Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEIFY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEIFY</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:58"><p>"Fraser Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBFPO" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBFPO</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:59"><p>"Fury Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBGEV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBGEV</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:60"><p>"Gibraltar Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBHGC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBHGC</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:61"><p>"Green Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBJRX" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBJRX</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:62"><p>"Gutzman Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBKVT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBKVT</a> <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:63"><p>"Hamilton Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBLKE" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBLKE</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:64"><p>"Haycock Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBMNQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBMNQ</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:65"><p>"Morris Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDWOK" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDWOK</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:66"><p>"Hazel Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBMQU" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBMQU</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:67"><p>"Hen Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBNCR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBNCR</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:68"><p>"Hog Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBOFN" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBOFN</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:69"><p>"Houston Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBPDN" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBPDN</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:70"><p>"Ile Chénier". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQHH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQHH</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:71"><p>"Ile du Chenail". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQGP" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FAQGP</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:72"><p>"Ile Ste-Rosalie". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDSYX" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDSYX</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:73"><p>"Irving Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBQOS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBQOS</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:74"><p>"Jamieson Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBRHT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBRHT</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:75"><p>"John Joe Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBSBB" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBSBB</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:76"><p>"Kate Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBTEZ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBTEZ</a> <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:77"><p>"Kedey's Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBTMO" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBTMO</a> <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:78"><p>"King Edward Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBUQR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBUQR</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:79"><p>"Latour Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBWMO" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBWMO</a> <a href="#fnref:79" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:80"><p>"Lemieux Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBXEA" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBXEA</a> <a href="#fnref:80" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:81"><p>"Lillian Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBXNV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FBXNV</a> <a href="#fnref:81" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:82"><p>"Lorne Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCBDZ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCBDZ</a> <a href="#fnref:82" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:83"><p>"Louise Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCBLV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCBLV</a> <a href="#fnref:83" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:84"><p>"Lower Duck Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCBQR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCBQR</a> <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:85"><p>"Mackie Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCCSL" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCCSL</a> <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:86"><p>"Man Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDKLF" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDKLF</a> <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:87"><p>"Meadow Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDQTU" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDQTU</a> <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:88"><p>"Merrill Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEBSY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEBSY</a> <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:89"><p>"Metcalf Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEBUK" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEBUK</a> <a href="#fnref:89" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:90"><p>"Miller Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDUDX" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDUDX</a> <a href="#fnref:90" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:91"><p>"Morris Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDWOK" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDWOK</a> <a href="#fnref:91" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:92"><p>"Oak Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCGJC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCGJC</a> <a href="#fnref:92" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:93"><p>"O'Meara Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDLJF" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDLJF</a> <a href="#fnref:93" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:94"><p>"Parker Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDRSU" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDRSU</a> <a href="#fnref:94" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:95"><p>"Pearl Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCHLW" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCHLW</a> <a href="#fnref:95" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:96"><p>"Pink Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDTJQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDTJQ</a> <a href="#fnref:96" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:97"><p>"Poker Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDZXM" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDZXM</a> <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:98"><p>"Princess Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCINR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCINR</a> <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:99"><p>"Ramsey Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCJMH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCJMH</a> <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:100"><p>"Randolph Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCJND" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCJND</a> <a href="#fnref:100" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:101"><p>"Rempnouix Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCKOW" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCKOW</a> <a href="#fnref:101" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:102"><p>"Riopelle Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCLDY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCLDY</a> <a href="#fnref:102" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:103"><p>"Rocher Capitaine Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDVSD" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDVSD</a> <a href="#fnref:103" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:104"><p>"Ruby Islet". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCMUX" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCMUX</a> <a href="#fnref:104" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:105"><p>"Sack's Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCNGV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCNGV</a> <a href="#fnref:105" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:106"><p>"Sandbar Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDTVC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDTVC</a> <a href="#fnref:106" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:107"><p>"Santa Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEAQS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEAQS</a> <a href="#fnref:107" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:108"><p>"Sawlog Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEAWK" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEAWK</a> <a href="#fnref:108" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:109"><p>"Shoal Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCNVZ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCNVZ</a> <a href="#fnref:109" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:110"><p>"Short Turn Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCNYY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCNYY</a> <a href="#fnref:110" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:111"><p>"Steamer Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCSDS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCSDS</a> <a href="#fnref:111" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:112"><p>"Snake Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FERHR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FERHR</a> <a href="#fnref:112" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:113"><p>"Sullivan Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCTRT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCTRT</a> <a href="#fnref:113" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:114"><p>"Upper Duck Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCYZZ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCYZZ</a> <a href="#fnref:114" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:115"><p>"Victoria Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCZXM" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FCZXM</a> <a href="#fnref:115" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:116"><p>"Wabewawa Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDAHQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDAHQ</a> <a href="#fnref:116" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:117"><p>"Willson Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDEAM" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDEAM</a> <a href="#fnref:117" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:118"><p>"Windsor Island". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDEGZ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FDEGZ</a> <a href="#fnref:118" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:119"><p>"L'Île". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLYH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLYH</a> <a href="#fnref:119" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:120"><p>"Île Allen". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLKE" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLKE</a> <a href="#fnref:120" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:121"><p>"Île aux Allumettes". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIEC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIEC</a> <a href="#fnref:121" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:122"><p>"Île Armstrong". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFIZT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFIZT</a> <a href="#fnref:122" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:123"><p>"Île Avelle". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFJXY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFJXY</a> <a href="#fnref:123" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:124"><p>"Bald Rock". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIYQB" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIYQB</a> <a href="#fnref:124" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:125"><p>"Île Béique". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFMHG" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFMHG</a> <a href="#fnref:125" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:126"><p>"Îles Benny". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKHZF" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKHZF</a> <a href="#fnref:126" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:127"><p>"Île Bernard". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIOCH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIOCH</a> <a href="#fnref:127" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:128"><p>"Île Bernardin". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EPHGT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EPHGT</a> <a href="#fnref:128" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:129"><p>"Île Berry". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFNCA" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFNCA</a> <a href="#fnref:129" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:130"><p>"Île à Bertrand". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIBO" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIBO</a> <a href="#fnref:130" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:131"><p>"Île Boom". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFPFR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFPFR</a> <a href="#fnref:131" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:132"><p>"Île Bray". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EQJOG" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EQJOG</a> <a href="#fnref:132" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:133"><p>"Île Brisseau". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFQXQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFQXQ</a> <a href="#fnref:133" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:134"><p>"Île Brunet". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLPA" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLPA</a> <a href="#fnref:134" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:135"><p>"Île Bryson". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFRQY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFRQY</a> <a href="#fnref:135" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:136"><p>"Île Cadieux". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFSKK" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFSKK</a> <a href="#fnref:136" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:137"><p>"Île Cobb". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIBG" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIBG</a> <a href="#fnref:137" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:138"><p>"Île de Carillon". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFTWT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFTWT</a> <a href="#fnref:138" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:139"><p>"Île du Centre". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLJP" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLJP</a> <a href="#fnref:139" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:140"><p>"Île du Chef". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFWRM" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFWRM</a> <a href="#fnref:140" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:141"><p>"Île du Chenal Blind". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIYQR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIYQR</a> <a href="#fnref:141" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:142"><p>"Île du Chicot". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKISF" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKISF</a> <a href="#fnref:142" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:143"><p>"Îles à Cole". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKISE" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKISE</a> <a href="#fnref:143" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:144"><p>"Île du Collège". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFYUI" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EFYUI</a> <a href="#fnref:144" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:145"><p>"Île de la Compagnie". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EMHFV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EMHFV</a> <a href="#fnref:145" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:146"><p>"Île à Cowley". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIRM" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIRM</a> <a href="#fnref:146" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:147"><p>"Île à Crépault". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLZS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLZS</a> <a href="#fnref:147" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:148"><p>"Île D'Arcy". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGBXW" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGBXW</a> <a href="#fnref:148" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:149"><p>"Île Davidson". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIBS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIBS</a> <a href="#fnref:149" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:150"><p>"Île Dog". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EMHIA" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EMHIA</a> <a href="#fnref:150" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:151"><p>"Île Dubé". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGEVE" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGEVE</a> <a href="#fnref:151" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:152"><p>"Île à Everill". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKITI" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKITI</a> <a href="#fnref:152" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:153"><p>"Île Fer à Cheval". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGIOS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGIOS</a> <a href="#fnref:153" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:154"><p>"Île du Finlandais". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EOHHR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EOHHR</a> <a href="#fnref:154" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:155"><p>"Îles Finlay". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGIZT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGIZT</a> <a href="#fnref:155" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:156"><p>"Île Fitzpatrick". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGJCH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGJCH</a> <a href="#fnref:156" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:157"><p>"Île au Foin". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLVN" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLVN</a> <a href="#fnref:157" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:158"><p>"Île Fox". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGKGR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGKGR</a> <a href="#fnref:158" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:159"><p>"Île Fox". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGKGT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGKGT</a> <a href="#fnref:159" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:160"><p>"Île French". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGKSI" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGKSI</a> <a href="#fnref:160" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:161"><p>"Île Frigon". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGKUF" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGKUF</a> <a href="#fnref:161" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:162"><p>"Île Gagnon". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGLDS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGLDS</a> <a href="#fnref:162" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:163"><p>"Rocher à Gillis". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIUE" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIUE</a> <a href="#fnref:163" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:164"><p>"Rochers aux Goélands". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGNFP" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGNFP</a> <a href="#fnref:164" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:165"><p>"Île Graham". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EPHGS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EPHGS</a> <a href="#fnref:165" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:166"><p>"Île du Grand Calumet". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGNSV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGNSV</a> <a href="#fnref:166" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:167"><p>"Île Green". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EJBLQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EJBLQ</a> <a href="#fnref:167" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:168"><p>"Île Greene". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLJR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLJR</a> <a href="#fnref:168" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:169"><p>"Île à Griffin". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKITW" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKITW</a> <a href="#fnref:169" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:170"><p>"Île Harbec". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLPB" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLPB</a> <a href="#fnref:170" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:171"><p>"Île Hemlock". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIVR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIVR</a> <a href="#fnref:171" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:172"><p>"Île Henry". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIEJ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIEJ</a> <a href="#fnref:172" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:173"><p>"Île Hiam". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGQTG" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGQTG</a> <a href="#fnref:173" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:174"><p>"Île Jacey". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGSZI" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGSZI</a> <a href="#fnref:174" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:175"><p>"Île John-Park". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIEE" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIEE</a> <a href="#fnref:175" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:176"><p>"Île Jones". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGUFG" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGUFG</a> <a href="#fnref:176" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:177"><p>"Îles Jumelles". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGUQI" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGUQI</a> <a href="#fnref:177" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:178"><p>"Île Kettle". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGVKB" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGVKB</a> <a href="#fnref:178" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:179"><p>"Île Lafleur". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLSW" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLSW</a> <a href="#fnref:179" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:180"><p>"Île Lafontaine". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGWSP" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGWSP</a> <a href="#fnref:180" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:181"><p>"Île Lasalle". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIQPQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIQPQ</a> <a href="#fnref:181" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:182"><p>"Île à Lawn". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIVX" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIVX</a> <a href="#fnref:182" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:183"><p>"Île Leblanc". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGYRA" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EGYRA</a> <a href="#fnref:183" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:184"><p>"Île Lemoine". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKHZS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKHZS</a> <a href="#fnref:184" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:185"><p>"Île Leroux". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLPC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLPC</a> <a href="#fnref:185" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:186"><p>"Île Lighthouse". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIQTC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIQTC</a> <a href="#fnref:186" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:187"><p>"Île Lighthouse". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLIY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLIY</a> <a href="#fnref:187" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:188"><p>"Île Limerick". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHAAM" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHAAM</a> <a href="#fnref:188" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:189"><p>"Petite île Limerick". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHAAN" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHAAN</a> <a href="#fnref:189" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:190"><p>"Île Lorelei". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHBAR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHBAR</a> <a href="#fnref:190" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:191"><p>"Île Mann". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHDEY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHDEY</a> <a href="#fnref:191" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:192"><p>"Île Marcotte". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKICZ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKICZ</a> <a href="#fnref:192" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:193"><p>"Île à Marion". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIBI" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIBI</a> <a href="#fnref:193" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:194"><p>"Île Mohr". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHHEQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHHEQ</a> <a href="#fnref:194" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:195"><p>"Île Morrison". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHIIF" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHIIF</a> <a href="#fnref:195" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:196"><p>"Île Mulligan". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLJQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLJQ</a> <a href="#fnref:196" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:197"><p>"Île O'Connor". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLJV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLJV</a> <a href="#fnref:197" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:198"><p>"Île Oscar-Béchamp". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKICO" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKICO</a> <a href="#fnref:198" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:199"><p>"Île Oster". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHMNW" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHMNW</a> <a href="#fnref:199" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:200"><p>"Île Paquin". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHNSV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHNSV</a> <a href="#fnref:200" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:201"><p>"Île à Payne". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIXS" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIXS</a> <a href="#fnref:201" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:202"><p>"Îles Pelley". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLVH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLVH</a> <a href="#fnref:202" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:203"><p>"Île Philemon". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHQAN" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHQAN</a> <a href="#fnref:203" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:204"><p>"Île Pigs". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EMHQE" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EMHQE</a> <a href="#fnref:204" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:205"><p>"Île aux Pins". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHQYP" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHQYP</a> <a href="#fnref:205" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:206"><p>"Île des Quinze". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIYQX" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIYQX</a> <a href="#fnref:206" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:207"><p>"Île Rainville". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHUKY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHUKY</a> <a href="#fnref:207" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:208"><p>"Île des Rapides". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHURQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHURQ</a> <a href="#fnref:208" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:209"><p>"Île du Refuge". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHVGC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHVGC</a> <a href="#fnref:209" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:210"><p>"Île Reid". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHVHO" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHVHO</a> <a href="#fnref:210" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:211"><p>"Île Reid". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHVHP" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHVHP</a> <a href="#fnref:211" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:212"><p>"Île Rita". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHWCN" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHWCN</a> <a href="#fnref:212" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:213"><p>"Île à Ritté". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHWDD" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHWDD</a> <a href="#fnref:213" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:214"><p>"Île du Rocher Fendu". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIYO" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIYO</a> <a href="#fnref:214" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:215"><p>"Île à Rouleau". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIYU" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIYU</a> <a href="#fnref:215" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:216"><p>"Île à Roussin". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLZQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLZQ</a> <a href="#fnref:216" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:217"><p>"Île de Sable". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHYHY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EHYHY</a> <a href="#fnref:217" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:218"><p>"Petite île Sèche". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLZR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKLZR</a> <a href="#fnref:218" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:219"><p>"La Semelle". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EICSY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EICSY</a> <a href="#fnref:219" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:220"><p>"Île Smith". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EISVN" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EISVN</a> <a href="#fnref:220" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:221"><p>"Île Snake". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EMHHW" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EMHHW</a> <a href="#fnref:221" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:222"><p>"Île des Soeurs". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIEDP" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIEDP</a> <a href="#fnref:222" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:223"><p>"Île Soulier". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIEKD" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIEKD</a> <a href="#fnref:223" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:224"><p>"Île Squelette". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIZFR" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIZFR</a> <a href="#fnref:224" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:225"><p>"Île Submergée". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIFDT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIFDT</a> <a href="#fnref:225" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:226"><p>"Île Sunset". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIFJJ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIFJJ</a> <a href="#fnref:226" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:227"><p>"Île Todd". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIHMX" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIHMX</a> <a href="#fnref:227" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:228"><p>"Île à Tom". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIZT" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKIZT</a> <a href="#fnref:228" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:229"><p>"Île à Tom-Simon". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIYRA" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIYRA</a> <a href="#fnref:229" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:230"><p>"Île aux Tourtes". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIHYY" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIHYY</a> <a href="#fnref:230" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:231"><p>"Île Verte". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EILCC" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EILCC</a> <a href="#fnref:231" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:232"><p>"Île Victoria". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKJAG" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKJAG</a> <a href="#fnref:232" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:233"><p>"Île Wickens". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKJAI" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKJAI</a> <a href="#fnref:233" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:234"><p>"Île Winneway". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EINEJ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EINEJ</a> <a href="#fnref:234" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:235"><p>"Île Woods". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EITLH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EITLH</a> <a href="#fnref:235" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:236"><p>"Île Wight". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIMXQ" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIMXQ</a> <a href="#fnref:236" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:237"><p>"Île Young (Pontiac)". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIVXI" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EIVXI</a> <a href="#fnref:237" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:238"><p>"Île Young (Gatineau)". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EJXII" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EJXII</a> <a href="#fnref:238" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:239"><p>"Île Yvette-Naubert". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKZNV" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=EKZNV</a> <a href="#fnref:239" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:240"><p>Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam. 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Third edition. Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume No.2. Government of Ontario, Toronto. <a href="#fnref:240" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:241"><p>"Champlain Sea: Phase 2". hannover.park.org. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved 15 December 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809081740/http://hannover.park.org/Canada/Museum/champlain/PHASE2.HTM" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110809081740/http://hannover.park.org/Canada/Museum/champlain/PHASE2.HTM</a> <a href="#fnref:241" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:242"><p>Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam. 1984. The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Third edition. Ontario Geological Survey, Special Volume No.2. Government of Ontario, Toronto. <a href="#fnref:242" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:243"><p>Keddy, P.A. 2008. Earth, Water, Fire. An Ecological Profile of Lanark County. General Store Publishing House, Renfrew, Ontario. (revised from first edition 1999). <a href="#fnref:243" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:244"><p>"Lake Nipissing". Ontario's Historical Plaques. Alan L Brown. Retrieved 15 December 2018. <a href="http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Parry07.html" target="_blank">http://www.ontarioplaques.com/Plaques/Plaque_Parry07.html</a> <a href="#fnref:244" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:245"><p>"Algonquin Land Claim with Ontario". Ontario Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs. Archived from the original on 2013-06-06. Retrieved 2009-06-30. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130606064851/http://www.aboriginalaffairs.gov.on.ca/english/negotiate/algonquin/algonquin.asp" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130606064851/http://www.aboriginalaffairs.gov.on.ca/english/negotiate/algonquin/algonquin.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:245" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:246"><p>Ontario Heritage Foundation, Ministry of Culture and Communications <a href="#fnref:246" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:247"><p>"Carillon Canal National Historic Site of Canada, Cultural Heritage". Parks Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-05-06. Retrieved 2009-02-09. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070506161717/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/qc/canalcarillon/natcul/natcul2_e.asp" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070506161717/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/qc/canalcarillon/natcul/natcul2_e.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:247" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:248"><p>Ontario Heritage Foundation, Ministry of Culture and Communications <a href="#fnref:248" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:249"><p>Keddy, P.A. 2010. Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation (2nd edition). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.497 p. <a href="#fnref:249" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:250"><p>"COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the American Eel in Canada" (PDF). Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. pp. 45–46. Retrieved December 15, 2018. <a href="http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/CW69-14-458-2006E.pdf" target="_blank">http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/CW69-14-458-2006E.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:250" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:251"><p>"Carillon Canal National Historic Site of Canada, Cultural Heritage". Parks Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-05-06. Retrieved 2009-02-09. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070506161717/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/qc/canalcarillon/natcul/natcul2_e.asp" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070506161717/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/qc/canalcarillon/natcul/natcul2_e.asp</a> <a href="#fnref:251" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:252"><p>"A Background Study for Nomination of the Ottawa River Under the Canadian Heritage Rivers System" (PDF). www.ottawariver.org. Ottawa River Heritage Designation Committee. 2005. pp. 183–189. Retrieved 19 April 2024. <a href="https://www.ottawariver.org/pdf/20-ch3-8.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.ottawariver.org/pdf/20-ch3-8.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:252" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:253"><p>"A Background Study for Nomination of the Ottawa River Under the Canadian Heritage Rivers System" (PDF). www.ottawariver.org. Ottawa River Heritage Designation Committee. 2005. pp. 183–189. Retrieved 19 April 2024. <a href="https://www.ottawariver.org/pdf/20-ch3-8.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.ottawariver.org/pdf/20-ch3-8.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:253" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:254"><p>"A Background Study for Nomination of the Ottawa River Under the Canadian Heritage Rivers System" (PDF). www.ottawariver.org. Ottawa River Heritage Designation Committee. 2005. pp. 183–189. Retrieved 19 April 2024. <a href="https://www.ottawariver.org/pdf/20-ch3-8.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.ottawariver.org/pdf/20-ch3-8.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:254" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:255"><p>"Ottawa River Provincial Park". Geographical Names Data Base. Natural Resources Canada. Retrieved 20 April 2024. <a href="https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEVLH" target="_blank">https://geonames.nrcan.gc.ca/search-place-names/unique?id=FEVLH</a> <a href="#fnref:255" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:256"><p>"Ottawa River Provincial Park". www.ontarioparks.com. Ontario Parks. Retrieved 20 April 2024. <a href="https://www.ontarioparks.ca/park/ottawariver" target="_blank">https://www.ontarioparks.ca/park/ottawariver</a> <a href="#fnref:256" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:257"><p>"Ottawa River Provincial Park Management Statement". Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. February 1998. Retrieved 20 April 2024. <a href="https://www.ontario.ca/page/ottawa-river-provincial-park-management-statement" target="_blank">https://www.ontario.ca/page/ottawa-river-provincial-park-management-statement</a> <a href="#fnref:257" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:258"><p>"Ottawa River Provincial Park". www.ontarioparks.com. Ontario Parks. Retrieved 20 April 2024. <a href="https://www.ontarioparks.ca/park/ottawariver" target="_blank">https://www.ontarioparks.ca/park/ottawariver</a> <a href="#fnref:258" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:259"><p>"Ottawa River Provincial Park Management Statement". Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. February 1998. Retrieved 20 April 2024. <a href="https://www.ontario.ca/page/ottawa-river-provincial-park-management-statement" target="_blank">https://www.ontario.ca/page/ottawa-river-provincial-park-management-statement</a> <a href="#fnref:259" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>