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Soft rock
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <h3>Mid- to late 1960s</h3> <p>Softer sounds in rock music could be heard in mid-1960s songs, such as "<a href="/facts/A_Summer_Song/pbW5lxM2">A Summer Song</a>" by <a href="/facts/Chad_%2526_Jeremy/5NG95J11">Chad & Jeremy</a> (1964) and "<a href="/facts/Here%2c_There_and_Everywhere/0Ubf243Q">Here, There and Everywhere</a>"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> by <a href="/facts/The_Beatles/2syHWLcM">the Beatles</a> and "<a href="/facts/I_Love_My_Dog/hs2CWAnm">I Love My Dog</a>"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> by <a href="/facts/Cat_Stevens/j8V6CJE2">Cat Stevens</a>, both from 1966. </p><p>By 1968, <a href="/facts/Hard_rock/yC1FkQcC">hard rock</a> had been established as a mainstream genre. From the end of the 1960s, it became common to divide mainstream rock music into soft and hard rock,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> with both emerging as major radio formats in the US.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Bee_Gees/J7zwBuFe">Bee Gees</a> were considered soft rock in the late 1960s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h3>Early 1970s</h3> <p>Major artists of that time included <a href="/facts/Bread_(band)/5oVp0yvf">Bread</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Carly_Simon/rTmov7x1">Carly Simon</a>, <a href="/facts/Carole_King/3b3E5lh1">Carole King</a>, <a href="/facts/Cat_Stevens/j8V6CJE2">Cat Stevens</a> and <a href="/facts/James_Taylor/pFWGqCy2">James Taylor</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Billboard_Hot_100/gwKl8VL9">Hot 100</a> and <a href="/facts/Adult_Contemporary_(chart)/JmBSByRU">Easy Listening</a> charts became more similar again toward the end of the 1960s and into the early and mid- 1970s when the texture of much of the music played on <a href="/facts/Top_40/vHTAW2M6">top 40</a> radio once more began to soften. The adult contemporary format began evolving into the sound that later defined it, with rock-oriented acts as <a href="/facts/Chicago_(band)/w3wPR2Kr">Chicago</a>, the <a href="/facts/Eagles_(band)/MDfP7QI6">Eagles</a> and <a href="/facts/Elton_John/DCPCRafW">Elton John</a> becoming associated with the format. <a href="/facts/The_Carpenters/2EXyxUb2">The Carpenters</a>' hit version of "<a href="/facts/(They_Long_to_Be)_Close_to_You/VBGnLBat">(They Long to Be) Close to You</a>" was released in the summer of 1970, followed by <a href="/facts/Bread_(band)/5oVp0yvf">Bread</a>'s "<a href="/facts/Make_It_with_You/KdURp81N">Make It with You</a>", both early examples of a softer sound that was coming to dominate the charts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>The soft rock album <i><a href="/facts/Tapestry_(Carole_King_album)/Xc1ppI3B">Tapestry</a></i> by Carole King, released in February 1971, became one of the best-selling albums of all time. The lead <a href="/facts/A-side_and_B-side/b3X26oFc">double-sided</a> single from the album, "<a href="/facts/It%2527s_Too_Late_(Carole_King_song)/4fjWNY0o">It's Too Late</a>"/"<a href="/facts/I_Feel_the_Earth_Move/LbfpTlMu">I Feel the Earth Move</a>", spent five weeks at number one on the <i>Billboard</i> Hot 100 beginning in mid-June 1971.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>Los Angeles station <a href="/facts/KCBS-FM/n1s73SHr">KNX-FM</a>, under program director Steve Marshall, introduced a "mellow rock" format in 1971.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Albert_Hammond/GIxf2TAV">Albert Hammond</a> scored a major hit single with "<a href="/facts/It_Never_Rains_in_Southern_California/wuF2yc2X">It Never Rains in Southern California</a>" in 1972, which went top 10 in at least six countries including Canada and the U.S. at numbers 2 and 5, respectively. </p><p>In the spring of 1972, <a href="/facts/Neil_Young/6HHMQEYg">Neil Young</a> scored his only number-one single with "<a href="/facts/Heart_of_Gold_(Neil_Young_song)/bBsA8auR">Heart of Gold</a>", from the album <i><a href="/facts/Harvest_(Neil_Young_album)/akCojlsE">Harvest</a></i>. Topping the charts in both the U.S. and Canada, this soft rock ballad featured backing vocals from <a href="/facts/Linda_Ronstadt/BuE86dg7">Linda Ronstadt</a> and <a href="/facts/James_Taylor/pFWGqCy2">James Taylor</a>, heard near the end of the song.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p><p>In 1973, <a href="/facts/Paul_McCartney_and_Wings/nN5rJtrq">Paul McCartney and Wings</a> had a U.S. number one with "<a href="/facts/My_Love_(Paul_McCartney_and_Wings_song)/RWkd2uVH">My Love</a>", which also reached No. 1 on the Adult Contemporary charts of both the U.S. and Canada. </p> <h3>Mid- to late 1970s</h3> <p>Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid- to late 1970s with acts such as <a href="/facts/Toto_(band)/Uq2RKFId">Toto</a>, <a href="/facts/England_Dan_%2526_John_Ford_Coley/scCQ64IE">England Dan & John Ford Coley</a>, <a href="/facts/Air_Supply/RGD3HUc7">Air Supply</a>, <a href="/facts/Seals_and_Crofts/gc6t8XxS">Seals and Crofts</a>, <a href="/facts/America_(band)/c3FmTHtv">America</a> and the reformed <a href="/facts/Fleetwood_Mac/IXSSdJ1f">Fleetwood Mac</a>, whose <i><a href="/facts/Rumours_(album)/4P5C3ssJ">Rumours</a></i> (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p><p>Denver station <a href="/facts/KYGO-FM/bAbuR9kS">KIMN-FM</a> introduced a "mellow rock" album format in 1975. Program director Scott Kenyon told <i>Billboard</i> magazine, <a href="/facts/Michael_Martin_Murphy/wk22sM0W">Michael Murphey's</a> "<a href="/facts/Wildfire_(Michael_Martin_Murphey_song)/VLLdYY1f">Wildfire</a>" is a perfect example; it feels like Colorado, you can tell it came from this part of the country. There's a sound of the Rockies... the best description is mellow rock. Take that kind of music and make it into a Colorado sounding station."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>By 1977, some radio stations, notably New York's <a href="/facts/WKTU/1GoJAMyD">WTFM</a> and <a href="/facts/NBC/zyfTYCvW">NBC</a>-owned <a href="/facts/WQHT/9IpaYE0q">WYNY</a>, had switched to an all-soft rock format.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Chicago's <a href="/facts/WBBM-FM/TM3kuVxR">WBBM-FM</a> adopted a soft rock/album rock hybrid format in 1977 and was known as "Soft Rock 96" presenting the "Mellow sound of Chicago". Five years later, they would flip to a "Hot Hits" top 40 format.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>By the 1980s, tastes had changed and radio formats reflected this change, including musical artists such as <a href="/facts/Journey_(band)/7L5REU99">Journey</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p><p>A prominent counterpart of soft rock in the late 1970s and early 1980s came to be known as <a href="/facts/Yacht_rock/R1FyLXcR">yacht rock</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> its name coined in 2005 by the makers of the online video series <i><a href="/facts/Yacht_Rock_(web_series)/VcB1APrm">Yacht Rock</a></i>. Originating from California's session musicians, yacht rock only partially overlapped with soft rock; it could include soft to mid-level (but rarely ever purely hard) rock.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> Much of the "West Coast sound" of yacht rock bore similarity to some of the East Coast soft rockers of the era such as <a href="/facts/Rupert_Holmes/8nedw6o3">Rupert Holmes</a> and <a href="/facts/Hall_%2526_Oates/4qfsQjgV">Hall & Oates</a>, leading to the conflation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p> <h3>1980s</h3> <p>In the early 1980s, the radio format evolved into what came to be known as "<a href="/facts/Adult_contemporary_music/85e6MkFa">adult contemporary</a>" or "<a href="/facts/Adult_album_alternative/PKw7mdwh">adult album alternative</a>", a format that has less overt rock bias than its forebear radio categorization.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> In Los Angeles, <a href="/facts/KOST/ud6vT61k">KOST</a> 103.5 FM, under program director Jhani Kaye, debuted its soft adult contemporary format in November 1982.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p> <h3>1990s</h3> <p>Soft rock persisted in the 1990s, with artists from previous decades continuing to release new music, such as <a href="/facts/Genesis_(band)/gqggd5Rc">Genesis</a>, whose 1992 soft rock single "<a href="/facts/Hold_on_My_Heart/TS4l211r">Hold on My Heart</a>"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> topped the Canadian singles chart and <a href="/facts/Adult_Contemporary_(chart)/JmBSByRU"><i>Billboard</i> Adult Contemporary chart</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Extreme_(band)/1B4BgFrm">Extreme</a>'s 1991 single "<a href="/facts/More_Than_Words/juLHrtB3">More Than Words</a>"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> was internationally successful, topping the national singles charts in at least five countries, including Canada and the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Mr._Big_(American_band)/9PvHnv9s">Mr. Big</a>'s 1992 single "<a href="/facts/To_Be_with_You/at0EBoYv">To Be with You</a>" was a number one hit in at least twelve countries. <a href="/facts/Eric_Clapton/BxvERMda">Eric Clapton</a>'s 1992 single "<a href="/facts/Tears_in_Heaven/r3JI2IoK">Tears in Heaven</a>"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a> was also successful, topping the national singles charts in Canada,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a> Ireland,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> New Zealand,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a> and six other countries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Richard_Marx/cJvwme47">Richard Marx</a>'s 1994 single "<a href="/facts/Now_and_Forever_(Richard_Marx_song)/vdh3AysN">Now and Forever</a>"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> topped the Canadian adult contemporary chart<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> and peaked in the top ten of the national singles charts in that country,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a> Norway,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a> and the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> New bands and artists emerged such as the Danish band <a href="/facts/Michael_Learns_to_Rock/6j44HUL1">Michael Learns to Rock</a>, who saw massive popularity in Asia, with many singles becoming commercially successful in the continent starting with their 1991 hit "<a href="/facts/The_Actor_(Michael_Learns_to_Rock_song)/h5Iv7XtR">The Actor</a>",<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> and Australian band <a href="/facts/Southern_Sons/zMMdx4lG">Southern Sons</a>, who enjoyed success on the <a href="/facts/ARIA_Charts/aUXUHRK7">ARIA Charts</a> with three top 10 singles.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Adult-oriented_rock_(disambiguation)/IxaYfeIK">Adult-oriented rock</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_soft_rock_artists_and_songs/9UBcp1gM">List of soft rock artists and songs</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Sentimental_ballad/jj6FDXRy">Sentimental ballad</a></li></ul> <p>Bibliography </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Bob_Stanley_(musician)/5SpymlxE">Stanley, Bob</a> (2013). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9emZAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT221"><i>Yeah Yeah Yeah: The Story of Modern Pop</i></a>. Faber & Faber. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-571-28198-5.</li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Kim Simpson, 2011, <i>Early 70s Radio: The American Format Revolution</i> <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-441-13678-7</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Anon (n.d.). "Soft Rock". AllMusic. <a href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/soft-rock-ma0000011841" target="_blank">http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/soft-rock-ma0000011841</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Anon (n.d.). "Soft Rock". AllMusic. <a href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/soft-rock-ma0000011841" target="_blank">http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/soft-rock-ma0000011841</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Alan W. Pollack's Notes on "Here, There, And Everywhere"". Icce.rug.nl. <a href="http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/DATABASES/AWP/htae.shtml" target="_blank">http://www.icce.rug.nl/~soundscapes/DATABASES/AWP/htae.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Samadder, Rhik (January 31, 2017). "Dogs-Reggae-Soft-Rock-10-Top-Dog-Tracks". The Guardian. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/31/dogs-reggae-soft-rock-10-top-dog-tracks" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/jan/31/dogs-reggae-soft-rock-10-top-dog-tracks</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>R. B. Browne and P. Browne, eds, The Guide to United States Popular Culture (Popular Press, 2001), ISBN 0-87972-821-3, p. 687. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>M. C. Keith, The Radio Station: Broadcast, Satellite and Internet (Focal Press, 8th edn., 2009), ISBN 0-240-81186-0, p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Andy Gibb, In the Shadow of the Bee Gees". Legacy.com. March 5, 2011. <a href="http://www.legacy.com/news/celebrity-deaths/article/andy-gibb-in-the-shadow-of-the-bee-gees" target="_blank">http://www.legacy.com/news/celebrity-deaths/article/andy-gibb-in-the-shadow-of-the-bee-gees</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Soft Rock. "Soft Rock : Significant Albums, Artists and Songs, Most Viewed". AllMusic. Retrieved January 9, 2013. <a href="http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/soft-rock-ma0000011841" target="_blank">http://www.allmusic.com/subgenre/soft-rock-ma0000011841</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Soft Rock – Profile of the Mellow, Romantic Soft Rock of the '70s and Early '80s". 80music.about.com. April 12, 2012. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved January 9, 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116133043/http://80music.about.com/od/genresmovements/p/softrockprofile.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130116133043/http://80music.about.com/od/genresmovements/p/softrockprofile.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>J. M. Curtis, Rock Eras: Interpretations of Music and Society, 1954–1984 (Popular Press, 1987), p. 236. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Simpson, 2011 Early 70s Radio, chap. 2 "Pillow Talk: MOR, Soft Rock, and the 'Feminization' of Hit Radio". <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Bronson, Fred, (2003). The Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits (5th ed.) New York: Billboard Books. p. 294. ISBN 9780823076772 <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"KNX FM 93.1". Socalradiohistory.com. Retrieved September 5, 2020. <a href="http://www.socalradiohistory.com/knxfm.html" target="_blank">http://www.socalradiohistory.com/knxfm.html</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Fortenot, Robert. "Sound Familiar? 10 Famous Cameos That May Surprise You". about.com. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2020. #8 Neil Young's "Heart of Gold". "Musicians of the Los Angeles scene -- this time in the mellow '70s, when soft rock was king and El Lay was its epicenter." <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150526050043/http://oldies.about.com/od/oldieshistory/tp/Sound-Familiar-10-Famous-Cameos-That-May-Surprise-You.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150526050043/http://oldies.about.com/od/oldieshistory/tp/Sound-Familiar-10-Famous-Cameos-That-May-Surprise-You.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>P. Buckley, The Rough Guide to Rock (Rough Guides, 3rd edn., 2003), p. 378. <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Pelton-Roby, Ruth (September 13, 1975). ""Colorado's Diverse Radio Scene"". Americanradiohistory.com. Billboard. p. C-22. <a href="https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1975/Billboard%25201975-09-13.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjB87LLov_mAhVaGDQIHWX1CtEQFjABegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw1ixqdOZoOIOxeaJPIgnDRF" target="_blank">https://www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Billboard/70s/1975/Billboard%25201975-09-13.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjB87LLov_mAhVaGDQIHWX1CtEQFjABegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw1ixqdOZoOIOxeaJPIgnDRF</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>C. H. Sterling, M. C. Keith, Sounds of Change: a History of FM broadcasting in America (UNC Press, 2008), pp. 136–7. <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"B96 History Summarized - CLASSICB96 Wiki". Wiki.classicb96.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2020. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093609/https://wiki.classicb96.com/B96_History_Summarized" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20220401093609/https://wiki.classicb96.com/B96_History_Summarized</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"Journey: The band who did not stop believing". Bbc.co.uk. November 12, 2010. Retrieved December 6, 2010. <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11733277" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11733277</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Berlind, William (August 27, 2006). "Yacht Rock Docks in New York". The New York Observer. Archived from the original on May 18, 2011. 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