Koetsier, Teun (2001-05-01). "On the prehistory of programmable machines: musical automata, looms, calculators". Mechanism and Machine Theory. 36 (5): 589–603. doi:10.1016/S0094-114X(01)00005-2. ISSN 0094-114X. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094114X01000052
Kapur, Ajay; Carnegie, Dale; Murphy, Jim; Long, Jason (2017). "Loudspeakers Optional: A history of non-loudspeaker-based electroacoustic music". Organised Sound. 22 (2). Cambridge University Press: 195–205. doi:10.1017/S1355771817000103. ISSN 1355-7718. https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1355771817000103
Professor Noel Sharkey, A 13th Century Programmable Robot (Archive), University of Sheffield, 2007 /wiki/Noel_Sharkey