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Centrus Energy
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The <a href="/facts/Energy_Policy_Act_of_1992/Rv5GrIWu">Energy Policy Act of 1992</a> created the United States Enrichment Corporation out of the Department of Energy as a <a href="/facts/State-owned_enterprises_of_the_United_States/ywsgIogE">state owned enterprise</a> to enrich uranium for civilian use, and in July 1993 USEC took over DOE facilities. USEC was fully privatized by the U.S. government on July 28, 1998, through an <a href="/facts/Initial_public_offering/2NntDhrG">initial public offering</a>. The U.S. government received about three billion dollars for USEC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p>USEC had <a href="/facts/Gaseous_diffusion/mHGrDnCd">gaseous diffusion</a> plants at <a href="/facts/Piketon%2c_Ohio/YdnrpB1R">Piketon, Ohio</a> near <a href="/facts/Portsmouth%2c_Ohio/QkkUb7NP">Portsmouth</a> and in <a href="/facts/McCracken_County%2c_Kentucky/UXcTuxbM">McCracken County, Kentucky</a>, near <a href="/facts/Paducah%2c_Kentucky/UadTnlu3">Paducah</a>. The <a href="/facts/United_States_Nuclear_Regulatory_Commission/tbC56grX">United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission</a> assumed regulatory authority over the Portsmouth facility in March 1997 and on June 5, 1998, the agency made an investigation into alleged "failure to control components with uranium deposits, inadequate maintenance, testing and operation of safety valves on equipment, and exceeding the possession limit for uranium enriched greater than 20 percent."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> In May 2001, USEC ceased <a href="/facts/Gaseous_diffusion/mHGrDnCd">uranium enrichment</a> operations in <a href="/facts/Portsmouth_Gaseous_Diffusion_Plant/hGCdTAQu">Piketon</a> and consolidated operations in <a href="/facts/Paducah%2c_Kentucky/UadTnlu3">Paducah, Kentucky</a>. The following year, transfer and shipping operations were also consolidated at Paducah.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p><p>A demonstration <a href="/facts/Gas_centrifuge/Ea2L8xkh">gas centrifuge</a> plant was being built at Piketon for initial commercial operation in 2009, while a full-sized plant is planned there for operation in 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> However, in July 2009 the DOE did not grant a $2 billion loan guarantee for the planned uranium-enrichment facility in Piketon, "causing the initiative to go into financial meltdown," the USEC spokesperson Elizabeth Stuckle said, adding "we are now forced to initiate steps to demobilize the project."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>On July 28, 2009, the company said that it was suspending work on the project because of the Department of Energy's decision not to provide loan guarantees. The Energy Department said that the proposed plant was not ready for commercial production and therefore ineligible for the loan guarantees. The department said that if USEC withdraws its application, it will receive $45 million over the next 18 months to conduct further research. </p><p>Before its downsizing and final cessation of uranium enrichment on May 31, 2013, the <a href="/facts/Paducah_Gaseous_Diffusion_Plant/udbca4PI">Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant</a> consumed about 3,000 <a href="/facts/Watt/VK8oqRrm">megawatts</a> of electricity at peak operation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Power for the Paducah gaseous diffusion plant came from the <a href="/facts/Tennessee_Valley_Authority/RgV7orV4">Tennessee Valley Authority</a> (TVA). In 2012 the majority of the TVA grid was generated by coal fired plants, with three nuclear power plants counting for about 30 percent of TVA's energy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>The Department of Energy remains responsible for clean-up of the sites of materials left there prior to 1993.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>USEC was the executive agent in the U.S./<a href="/facts/Russia/jfkCwyxn">Russia</a> Highly Enriched Uranium Purchase Agreement, implemented under the <a href="/facts/Megatons_to_Megawatts_Program/rbeCjpc1">Megatons to Megawatts Program</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>On December 16, 2013, USEC announced that it had reached an agreement with a majority of its debt holders to file a prearranged and voluntary <a href="/facts/Chapter_11%2c_Title_11%2c_United_States_Code/PjdCBWfn">Chapter 11</a> bankruptcy restructuring in the first quarter of 2014.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> On September 30, 2014, executives announced that the company had emerged from bankruptcy proceedings with a new name, Centrus Energy Corp.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p><p>On March 5, 2015, the Centrus Board of Directors appointed <a href="/facts/Daniel_Poneman/cEFvKIFX">Daniel B. Poneman</a> as president and chief executive officer and as a director of the company, effective on or before April 1, 2015.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>In October 2015, the U.S. Department of Energy issued a report to Congress which evaluated options to resume U.S.-technology enrichment operations to meet U.S. national security mission needs. The report concluded that Centrus’ AC100 centrifuge technology was “the most technically advanced and lowest-risk option.”<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p><p>Subsequent to signing the contract with the Department of Energy in 2019, to build the HALEU demonstration plant, Centrus signed a series of agreements with advanced reactor developers including TerraPower,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> X-Energy,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> and Oklo,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> to support the availability of HALEU. </p><p>After several years of losses, on March 28, 2021, the company announced that it returned to profitability in 2020 as a result of declining supply costs and other factors. The company reported positive net income of $54 million in 2020 and $175 million in 2021.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://www.centrusenergy.com/">Centrus Energy</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.centrusenergy.com/gaseous-diffusion/paducah-gdp/paducah-history">Paducah plant history on Centrus site</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.today/20130923072542/http://www.emcbc.doe.gov/pgdp%20deactivation/">Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant Deactivation Project, Home Page (US DOE)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.pppo.energy.gov">U.S. Department of Energy's Portsmouth/Paducah Project Office - or pppo.energy.gov</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928041629/http://www.pppo.energy.gov/">Archived</a> 2013-09-28 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.today/20130928000340/http://www.wise-uranium.org/epusec.html">Uranium Enrichment Current Issues, USEC Paducah and Portsmouth plants, USA. (WISE Uranium Project, World Information Service on Energy, www.wiseinternational.org)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.wise-uranium.org/edusa.html#PADUCAH">Paducah gaseous diffusion enrichment plant (Kentucky) - Decommissioning Issues (wise-uranium.org/ page)</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.wise-uranium.org/edusa.html#PORTS">Portsmouth gaseous diffusion enrichment plant (Ohio) - Decommissioning Issues (wise-uranium.org/ page)</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Patel, Sonal (17 June 2021). "Centrus Gets NRC Approval to Demonstrate HALEU Production". Power. Power Mag. <a href="https://www.powermag.com/centrus-gets-nrc-approval-to-demonstrate-haleu-production/" target="_blank">https://www.powermag.com/centrus-gets-nrc-approval-to-demonstrate-haleu-production/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Day, Paul (March 22, 2022). "US urges haste on domestic HALEU plan as Russia faces isolation". Reuters Events. Reuters. <a href="https://www.reutersevents.com/nuclear/us-urges-haste-domestic-haleu-plan-russia-faces-isolation" target="_blank">https://www.reutersevents.com/nuclear/us-urges-haste-domestic-haleu-plan-russia-faces-isolation</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Patel, Sonal (17 June 2021). "Centrus Gets NRC Approval to Demonstrate HALEU Production". Power. Power Mag. <a href="https://www.powermag.com/centrus-gets-nrc-approval-to-demonstrate-haleu-production/" target="_blank">https://www.powermag.com/centrus-gets-nrc-approval-to-demonstrate-haleu-production/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"History". Centrus Energy Corp. <a href="https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/" target="_blank">https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 29 May 1998. (Press Release). NRC website Retrieved 8 November 2019. <a href="https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/news/1998/98-036iii.html" target="_blank">https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/news/1998/98-036iii.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"History". Centrus Energy Corp. <a href="https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/" target="_blank">https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"USEC Portsmouth "American Centrifuge Plant" project, USA". wise-uranium.org. Retrieved 21 September 2014. <a href="http://www.wise-uranium.org/epusecc.html" target="_blank">http://www.wise-uranium.org/epusecc.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"Dispatch Politics". The Columbus Dispatch. Archived from the original on 10 July 2011. Retrieved 21 September 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110710133508/http://www.dispatchpolitics.com/live/content/local_news/stories/2009/07/29/Piketon29.ART_ART_07-29-09_A1_VBEK453.html?sid=101" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110710133508/http://www.dispatchpolitics.com/live/content/local_news/stories/2009/07/29/Piketon29.ART_ART_07-29-09_A1_VBEK453.html?sid=101</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"USEC loan guarantee application rejected; shares plunge". Washington Business Journal. Retrieved 21 September 2014. <a href="http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2009/07/27/daily41.html" target="_blank">http://www.bizjournals.com/washington/stories/2009/07/27/daily41.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Sea, Geoffrey (May 31, 2013). "Uranium Enrichment Ends at Paducah (Part 3)". ecowatch. Retrieved 22 September 2013. <a href="http://ecowatch.com/2013/breaking-uranium-enrichment-ends-at-paducah/" target="_blank">http://ecowatch.com/2013/breaking-uranium-enrichment-ends-at-paducah/</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Nuclear Energy". TVA. November 2012. Archived from the original on 31 August 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150831144829/http://www.tva.com/power/nuclear/index.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20150831144829/http://www.tva.com/power/nuclear/index.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"History". Centrus Energy Corp. <a href="https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/" target="_blank">https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"History". Centrus Energy Corp. <a href="https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/" target="_blank">https://www.centrusenergy.com/who-we-are/history/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"USEC Inc. Reaches Agreement with Noteholder Group sus To Move Forward with Balance Sheet Restructuring". USEC. 16 December 2013. Archived from the original on 13 January 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140113225552/http://www.usec.com/news/usec-inc-reaches-agreement-noteholder-group-move-forward-balance-sheet-restructuring" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140113225552/http://www.usec.com/news/usec-inc-reaches-agreement-noteholder-group-move-forward-balance-sheet-restructuring</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Overly, Steven (30 September 2014). "Centrus Energy, formerly known as USEC, emerges from Chapter 11 bankruptcy". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 October 2014. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/centrus-energy-formerly-known-as-usec-emerges-from-chapter-11-bankruptcy/2014/09/30/df84fde4-48bc-11e4-891d-713f052086a0_story.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/capitalbusiness/centrus-energy-formerly-known-as-usec-emerges-from-chapter-11-bankruptcy/2014/09/30/df84fde4-48bc-11e4-891d-713f052086a0_story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"form8-K_20150311". www.sec.gov. SEC. <a href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1065059/000106505915000006/form8-k_20150311.htm" target="_blank">https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1065059/000106505915000006/form8-k_20150311.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>"U.S. Department of Energy, Tritium and Enriched Uranium Management Plan Through 2060". 27 October 2015. <a href="https://fissilematerials.org/library/2015/10/tritium_and_enriched_uranium_m.html" target="_blank">https://fissilematerials.org/library/2015/10/tritium_and_enriched_uranium_m.html</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>"TerraPower and Centrus team up for HALEU production". World Nuclear News. <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001065059/000106505922000012/leu-20211231.htm" target="_blank">https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001065059/000106505922000012/leu-20211231.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>"X-energy and Centrus to continue work of TRISO-X fuel - Nuclear Engineering International". www.neimagazine.com. Nuclear Engineering International. 5 November 2021. <a href="https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsx-energy-and-centrus-to-continue-work-of-triso-x-fuel-9224418" target="_blank">https://www.neimagazine.com/news/newsx-energy-and-centrus-to-continue-work-of-triso-x-fuel-9224418</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>"Oklo and Centrus team up for HALEU supply chain : Uranium & Fuel - World Nuclear News". www.world-nuclear-news.org. World Nuclear News. <a href="https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Oklo-and-Centrus-team-up-for-HALEU-supply-chain" target="_blank">https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/Articles/Oklo-and-Centrus-team-up-for-HALEU-supply-chain</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>"Centrus Form 10-K 2021". www.sec.gov. SEC. <a href="https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001065059/000106505922000012/leu-20211231.htm" target="_blank">https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/0001065059/000106505922000012/leu-20211231.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>