Scalable TCP modifies the congestion control algorithm. Instead of halving the congestion window size, each packet loss decreases the congestion window by a small fraction (a factor of 1/8 instead of Standard TCP's 1/2) until packet loss stops. When packet loss stops, the rate is ramped up at a slow fixed rate (one packet is added for every one hundred successful acknowledgements) instead of the Standard TCP rate that's the inverse of the congestion window size (thus very large windows take a long time to recover). This helps reduce the recovery time on 10 Gbit/s links from 4+ hours (using Standard TCP) to less than 15 seconds when the round trip time is 200 milliseconds.3
Kelly, Tom. "Scalable TCP: Improving Performance in Highspeed Wide Area Networks" (PDF). Retrieved 12 May 2013. http://datatag.web.cern.ch/datatag/papers/pfldnet2003-ctk.pdf ↩
Allman; et al. "RFC 5681". IETF.org. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5681 ↩