Shaba II

<h2 id="foreign-involvement">Foreign involvement</h2>
<p>The Mobutist government appealed for foreign assistance and <a href="/facts/France/CxIeIKM3">French</a> and <a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Belgian</a> military intervention beat back the invasion, <a href="/facts/Shaba_I/DP4hRSzK">just as in 1977</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>
</p><p>The U.S. and <a href="/facts/Cuba/vHjTXLPW">Cuba</a> coerced Angola and Zaire into negotiations leading to a non-aggression pact. That ended support for insurgencies in each other's countries. Zaire temporarily cut off support to the <a href="/facts/Front_for_the_Liberation_of_the_Enclave_of_Cabinda/BdVbh722">Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda</a> (FLEC), the <a href="/facts/National_Liberation_Front_of_Angola/uo0bbK56">National Liberation Front of Angola</a> (FNLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (<a href="/facts/UNITA/ReGNkmoV">UNITA</a>), and Angola forbade further activity by the Shaba separatists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
</p><p>The U.S. worked with France in repelling the invaders in the first military co-operation between the two since the <a href="/facts/Vietnam_War/W0gfbGTE">Vietnam War</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>[<i>dubious – discuss</i>] <a href="/facts/United_States_Air_Force/7MxWBYlc">U.S. Air Force</a> elements involved included a <a href="/facts/United_States_Air_Force_Combat_Control_Team/NqKaAWYv">Combat Control Team</a> (air traffic controllers) of the <a href="/facts/435th_Air_Ground_Operations_Wing/l3Bh11Ty">435th Tactical Airlift Wing</a>, the <a href="/facts/445th_Airlift_Wing/TtjIgB1u">445th Airlift Wing</a>, and other airlift wings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="battle-of-kolwezi">Battle of Kolwezi</h2>
<p class="note">Main article: <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Kolwezi/0q56f4VF">Battle of Kolwezi</a></p>
<p>The <a href="/facts/French_Foreign_Legion/sIBRU8D2">French Foreign Legion</a>'s 2 Foreign Paratroop Regiment had 600 troops, who took back Kolwezi after a seven-day battle and airlifted 2,250 European citizens to Belgium but not before the FNLC had massacred 80 Europeans and 200 Africans. In one instance, the FNLC killed 34 European civilians who had hidden in a room. However, Zairean helicopter pilot <a href="/facts/Pierre_Yambuya/zGPz5rsx">Pierre Yambuya</a> claims that many of the civilian deaths were caused by Zairian armed forces, not the FLNC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h2>
<p>The FNLC retreated to Zambia and back to Angola, vowing to return. The Zairian armed forces (<a href="/facts/Forces_Arm%25C3%25A9es_Za%25C3%25AFroises/L0djRB38">Forces Armées Zaïroises</a>) forcibly evicted civilians along Shaba's 105-kilometre-long (65 mi) border with Angola, and Mobutu ordered them to shoot on sight.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Angolan_Civil_War/TgKbf3dm">Angolan Civil War</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Cuban_intervention_in_Angola/km0zd8my">Cuban intervention in Angola</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Shaba_I/DP4hRSzK">Shaba I</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shaba II.

<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609181927/http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/odom2/odom2.asp">Shaba II: The French and Belgian Intervention in Zaire in 1978</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Widstrand, Carl Gösta, Timothy M. Shaw, and Douglas George Anglin. Canada, Scandinavia, and Southern Africa, 1978. Page 130. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>George, Edward. The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965-1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale, 2005. Page 136. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>George, Edward. The Cuban Intervention in Angola, 1965-1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale, 2005. Page 136. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Widstrand, Carl Gösta, Timothy M. Shaw, and Douglas George Anglin. Canada, Scandinavia, and Southern Africa, 1978. Page 130. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>"Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 September 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2011.{{cite web}}:  CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110912003029/http://www.ccshf.org/book/Chapter3.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20110912003029/http://www.ccshf.org/book/Chapter3.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>NDAYWELE NZIEM, ISIDORE, Histoire Générale du Congo, p.757 see https://books.google.com/books?id=U47B0mwVU_4C&dq=pierre+yambuya+flnc&pg=PA757 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U47B0mwVU_4C&dq=pierre+yambuya+flnc&pg=PA757" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=U47B0mwVU_4C&dq=pierre+yambuya+flnc&pg=PA757</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Inside Kolwezi: Toll of Terror, 5 June 1978. Time magazine <a href="https://archive.today/20120913214453/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,916174,00.html" target="_blank">https://archive.today/20120913214453/http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,916174,00.html</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Shaba II open-in-new

Shaba II