The fields of knot theory and topology, especially their non-intuitive conclusions, are often seen as a part of recreational mathematics.
Main article: Mechanical puzzle
Kulkarni, D. Enjoying Math: Learning Problem Solving With KenKen Puzzles Archived 2013-08-01 at the Wayback Machine, A textbook for teaching with KenKen Puzzles. http://www.matholympiad.info/Documents/TeachingWithKenKen.pdf ↩