Loyalty program

<h2 id="single-company-vs-coalition-programs">Single-company vs. coalition programs</h2>
Loyalty programs may be either:
Single-brand programs, such as <a href="/facts/Starbucks/tfrTP31s">Starbucks</a>)

<ul><li>Single-corporation programs, such as the joint <a href="/facts/Gap_Inc./wJDus84S">Gap Inc.</a> program, work at the stores and digital channels of Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy, and Athleta, which are all owned by Gap Inc.</li>
<li>Coalition loyalty programs, provide benefits to customers of multiple otherwise-unrelated businesses.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2">2</a> Examples include <a href="/facts/Rakuten_Rewards/7cdKtEom">Rakuten Rewards</a> which, in the U.S. offers cashback at more than 3,500 stores<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3">3</a> and <a href="/facts/Air_Miles/AmNvlQmu">Air Miles</a> which awards points for purchases from multiple merchants in each market it serves (Canada, The Netherlands, Bahrain, Qatar, and the UAE).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4">4</a>
<ul><li>Shopping center programs may also be based on a single or chain of shopping centers, such as the <a href="/facts/Tanger_Outlets/VtKDlScU">Tanger Outlets</a> loyalty programs that can be used at merchants located at its outlet malls.</li>
<li>Downtown <a href="/facts/Olympia,_Washington/4jky8vHh">Olympia, Washington</a>, launched a coalition loyalty program in 2021 for merchants in its downtown shopping district.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a></li></ul></li></ul>
In 2020 <a href="/facts/McKinsey/LEjD93u2">McKinsey</a> spoke of loyalty program "ecosystems".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a>

<h2 id="features">Features</h2>
<h3>How customers provide their account numbers</h3>
<h4>Physical loyalty cards</h4>
A loyalty program typically involves the operator of a particular program setting up an account for a customer of a business associated with the scheme, and then issue to the customer a loyalty card (variously called <a href="/facts/Cashback_reward_program/9FBhxSCd">rewards card</a>, <a href="/facts/Cashback_reward_program/9FBhxSCd">points card</a>, advantage card, club card, or some other name) which may be a <a href="/facts/Plastic_card/JaXN9osE">plastic</a> or paper card, visually similar to a <a href="/facts/Credit_card/7pKSB5LD">credit card</a>, that identifies the cardholder as a participant in the program. Cards may have a <a href="/facts/Barcode/Mkh4cCTp">barcode</a> or <a href="/facts/Magstripe/1mcYEQoT">magstripe</a> to more easily allow for scanning, although some are <a href="/facts/Chip_card/K7b9lowS">chip cards</a> or <a href="/facts/Proximity_card/fJ3p3fd6">proximity cards</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> U.S. supermarkets often issue two copies of the card: one credit-card sized and one that fits on a keychain, in addition to providing access to the card via a mobile app, website.

<h4>Digital loyalty cards</h4>
As of 2024, most programs in the United States offer a digital version of the loyalty card, accessed via a mobile app, and often customers can scan a QR or bar code from the app at the physical point of sale. Some programs now offer digital cards only or only exceptionally, such as <a href="/facts/Marks_and_Spencer/ejIwnXQX">Marks and Spencer</a>'s "Sparks" program in the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">UK</a> launched in 2020 which no longer issues physical cards except upon special request.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> American Airlines no longer sends membership kits to new members of its frequent flyer program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
Encouraging or forcing customers to use a mobile app to present their loyalty account number, although criticized for being unfriendly to people without smartphones including many elderly people,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> benefits the merchant in a number of ways. It lets them present special offers to the customer (or even push them via <a href="/facts/Push_notifications/KoRjtGET">push notifications</a>), tailor customer experience to the individual consumer, and understand customer behavior better, including their purchasing amounts and patterns.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>

<h4>Phone number and other methods</h4>
At a physical point of sale, presenting a physical or digital card is not necessary at many U.S. merchants, if the customer enters the phone number associated with the account on a terminal or tells it to a cashier who enters it into the register. When purchasing online, customers usually must log in to the account on the merchant's website. However, when purchasing airline tickets from online travel agencies, customers can usually enter their airline loyalty number into the agency website and the agency will pass it onto the airline. 

<h3>Points</h3>
Programs that feature points grant customers a certain number of points for each purchase, in the US often per $1 or $10 increment of spend. Once they have enough points, clients can redeem them for either:

<ul><li>merchandise or services free of charge</li>
<li>discounts on merchandise or services</li>
<li>gift cards, credit vouchers, etc. to spend with the merchant</li>
<li>"cashback", either:
<ul><li>money that the program transfers to the customer's account or</li>
<li>a paper check that the program mails to the customer</li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>Tiers</h3>
Programs with tiers define levels (such as silver, gold, and platinum levels) that customers are upgraded to when they spend enough with the merchant(s), usually over a certain period of time such as a year. For example, Sephora gives 1 point for $1 spent. Once customers earn a specific number of points, they can enter a new level with higher discounts and exclusive products.

<h3>Membership fees</h3>
In subscription-based programs, customers pay a fee to enjoy the program's benefits, for example <a href="/facts/Barnes_and_Noble/IIcN2meE">Barnes and Noble</a> bookstores charge members about 40 <a href="/facts/U.S._dollars/naEEDUhC">U.S. dollars</a> per year (as of mid-2024) for its "Premium Membership and Rewards" program, which gives members a 10% discount off most merchandise. There is also a free tier which does not offer such discounts but does allow members to collect virtual "stamps" (i.e. loyalty points).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>

<h2 id="types-of-rewards">Types of rewards</h2>
Depending on the program, rewards may take the form of:

<ul><li>merchandise or services free of charge</li>
<li>discounts on merchandise or services</li>
<li>gift cards, credit vouchers, etc. to spend with the merchant</li>
<li>cashback</li></ul>
In addition to rewards, loyalty cards may also be used identify consumers for benefits and other services, e.g.:

<ul><li>when pharmacies dispense <a href="/facts/Medical_prescription/4jt1T3mY">prescriptions</a></li>
<li>for access to an <a href="/facts/Airport_lounge/6JM6T064">airport lounge</a> (using a <a href="/facts/Frequent-flyer_program/wMhGtS8P">frequent-flyer</a> card)</li>
<li>when customers presented checks for payment at a point-of sale</li></ul>
<h3>Cashback</h3>
Main article: <a href="/facts/Cashback_website/6qgllb3Y">Cashback website</a>
Programs with cashback features give customers a portion of the money that they have spent with a business (usually a defined percent which may be higher than usual during promotions). The "cash back" is rarely actually cash money, but rather takes the form of a transfer of the "cashback" amount to the customer's bank account.
Examples in the U.S. include <a href="/facts/Rakuten_Rewards/7cdKtEom">Rakuten Rewards</a>, a coalition reward program, and many banks that give their clients cash back for using their debit cards to pay for various products and services.

<h2 id="channels">Channels</h2>
Depending on the program, ways that consumers may access their loyalty account (account number, promotions, other information) may include:

<ul><li>Desktop, mobile, and/or responsive versions of the website(s) for the program and/or of participating merchant(s)</li>
<li>Mobile apps for the program or participating merchant(s)</li>
<li>At dedicated kiosks, such as in casinos<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a></li>
<li>Traditional methods such as:
<ul><li>Physical membership cards</li>
<li>Paper-based mailings of account statements, promotions, and other information</li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>Mobile apps and websites</h3>
There has been a move away from traditional magnetic card, stamp, or punchcard based schemes to online and mobile online loyalty programs. While these schemes vary, the common element is a push toward eradication of a traditional card, in favour of an electronic equivalent. The choice of medium is often a <a href="/facts/QR_code/B0l0IS7a">QR code</a>. Some prominent examples are Austrian based mobile-pocket established in 2009, the US-based Punchd (discontinued from June 2013,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>), which became part of <a href="/facts/Google/GT9Sugza">Google</a> in 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> and an Australian-based loyalty card application called Stamp Me<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> which incorporates <a href="/facts/IBeacon/M0xTmx8G">iBeacon</a> technology. Others, like Loopy Loyalty (HK), Loyalli (UK), <a href="/facts/Perka/wfQs5ob4">Perka</a> (US), and Whisqr Loyalty (CA), have offered similar programs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> <a href="/facts/Passbook_(application)/SP8cfFzb">Passbook by Apple</a> is the first attempt to standardize the format of mobile loyalty cards.

<h3>Offline with mobile device</h3>
With the introduction of <a href="/facts/Host_card_emulation/3RK5BJ2h">host card emulation</a> (HCE) and <a href="/facts/Near_field_communication/awqd3Ea8">near field communication</a> (NFC) technology for mobile applications, traditional contactless smart cards for prepaid and loyalty programs are emulated in a smartphone. <a href="/facts/Google_Wallet/Xe29bnxm">Google Wallet</a> adopted these technologies for mobile off-line payment applications.
The major advantage of off-line over the online system is that the user's smartphone does not have to be online, and the transaction is fast. In addition, multiple emulated cards can be stored in a smartphone to support multi-merchant loyalty programs. Consequently, the user does not need to carry many physical cards anymore.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>

<h2 id="industries">Industries</h2>
Today, such loyalty programs cover most types of commerce, each having varying features and rewards schemes, and range from programs of a single-location business to large chains or membership in a coalition loyalty program. Industries include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>

<ul><li>Retail: Supermarkets, department stores, clothing stores, beauty stores and other specialty shops</li>
<li>Travel and Hospitality: Airlines, passenger railways, hotels, car rental and carshare companies</li>
<li>Food and Beverage: Restaurants, coffee shops, fast-food chains</li>
<li>Financial Services: Banks, credit card companies</li>
<li>Telecommunications: Mobile service providers, internet service providers</li>
<li>Entertainment: Cinemas, streaming services, theme parks, casinos</li>
<li>E-commerce sites/apps and online marketplaces</li>
<li>Fitness and Wellness: Gyms, fitness studios, spas etc.</li>
<li>Automotive: Car dealerships and service centers</li></ul>
The market approach has shifted from product-centric to a customer-centric one due to a highly competitive market and a wide array of services offered to customers, therefore, it's important that marketing strategies prioritize growing a sustainable business and increasing customer satisfaction.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>

<h3>Casinos</h3>
Almost all major U.S. casino chains also have loyalty cards, which offer members tier credits, reward credits, <a href="/facts/Comps_(casino)/nR9sAfTU">comps</a>, and other perks based on card members' "<a href="/facts/Comps_(casino)/nR9sAfTU">theo</a>" from gambling, various demographic data, and spend patterns on various purchases at the casino, within the casino network, and with the casino's partners.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> Examples of such programs include <a href="/facts/Caesars_Entertainment_(2020)/MTowyPXQ">Caesars</a> Rewards<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> (formerly called Total Rewards<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>) and <a href="/facts/MGM_Resorts_International/TtjIVGSr">MGM Resorts International</a>'s Mlife.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>

<h3>Coffee shops</h3>
<h4>"Disloyalty" cards</h4>
As of 2011<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loyalty_program&action=edit">[update]</a>, some independent coffee shops in Boston, Toronto and London has set up experimental "disloyalty card" programs, which rewarded customers for visiting a variety of coffee shops.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>

<h2 id="benefits-to-merchants">Benefits to merchants</h2>
Loyalty programs' most important benefit to merchants is that they generate data, which bring more repeat business and therefore increase sales.
Application forms for cards usually entail agreements by the store concerning customer privacy, typically non-disclosure (by the store) of non-aggregate data about customers. The store uses aggregate data internally (and sometimes externally) as part of its <a href="/facts/Marketing_research/TVqxh9zK">marketing research</a>. Over time the data can reveal, for example, a given customer's favorite brand of beer, or whether they are a vegetarian. 
As of the mid-2020s, loyalty program trends include:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>

<ul><li>the integration of AI and data analytics into loyalty platforms in order to personalize customer experiences,</li>
<li>focusing on emotional connections, and</li>
<li>offering personalized rewards that resonate with individual consumer preferences</li>
<li>omnichannel experience to drive more interaction i.e. access across multiple physical and digital touchpoints such as in-store, via mail, e-mail, mobile apps, push notifications from the app or via SMS, websites, etc.</li></ul>
Loyalty programs are a means of implementing a type of what economists call a <a href="/facts/Two-part_tariff/vSc5M1bD">two-part tariff</a>. 

<h3>Asia</h3>
<ul><li>Japan: see ja:共通ポイント and ja:ポイントプログラム#日本における歴史. In Japan, non credit card multi-brand points who awarded in addition to each store's own points are becoming more common. Most Japanese people say Big 4 of multi-brand points are V-POINT(ja)(SMCC(affiliated <a href="/facts/Sumitomo_Mitsui_Banking_Corporation/Gxtzv778">SMBC Group</a>) and <a href="/facts/Culture_Convenience_Club/Jcq7JxaP">CCC</a>)(merged T-POINT(ja)(CCC) on 22th Aplil 2024), Ponta(ja)(affiliated <a href="/facts/Mitsubishi_Corporation/2ckD671A">Mitsubishi Corporation</a>), <a href="/facts/Rakuten/xDQLmEGN">Rakuten</a> point(ja), d Point Club(ja)(<a href="/facts/NTT_Docomo/vW4uaTaj">NTT Docomo</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> Other famous point bland are <a href="/facts/Waon/LpfnbqBp">WAON</a>(<a href="/facts/Aeon_(company)/4thVPT8l">AEON</a> Group(ja), JRE POINT(ja)(<a href="/facts/East_Japan_Railway_Company/75Y4HJ7H">JR East</a>), PayPay(ja) point(<a href="/facts/SoftBank_Group/rTPGcTJt">SoftBank Group</a>'s <a href="/facts/QR_code_payment/DKrChmIT">QR code payment</a>), <a href="/facts/Nanaco/yco9bt5J">Nanaco</a>.</li>
<li>Hong Kong: <a href="/facts/Octopus_Cards_Limited/H62Hpdat">Octopus Rewards</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> <a href="/facts/MTR_Corporation/VJ7XP0fw">MTR Corporation</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> Different chain stores under common ownership often share the same loyalty program, such as <a href="/facts/A.S._Watson_Group/KjqevEpj">A.S. Watson Group</a>'s MoneyBack, which can be used at <a href="/facts/Parknshop/JCxKG1pd">Parknshop</a>, <a href="/facts/Watsons/vxld6JCR">Watsons</a>, and Fortress stores, as well as the corporation's retail partners.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a> <a href="/facts/Hong_Kong_Telecom/X1jaM5lF">HKT</a>'s The club also offers a similar loyalty program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> Flag airline carrier <a href="/facts/Cathay_Pacific/lF6NyT2w">Cathay Pacific</a> operates <a href="/facts/Asia_Miles/1coUlavX">Asia Miles</a>, a loyalty and frequent-flyer program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a></li>
<li>India: PAYBACK India is <a href="/facts/India/1kKHcnxM">India</a>'s largest coalition loyalty program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a> German loyalty program operator Loyalty Partner took a controlling interest in i-mint in June 2010<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> and renamed the program PAYBACK India in July 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> BPCL's PetroBonus fuel card program has 2 million members.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> <a href="/facts/Indian_Oil/yqeb553W">Indian Oil</a>'s fleet card program XTRAPOWER and retail program XTRAREWARDS claim a combined customer base of 3 million.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a></li>
<li>Iran: The first <a href="/facts/Iran/24yukge8">Iranian</a> loyalty program launched in 1996.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> East Credit Card Group Kish launched its loyalty program in 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></li>
<li>Malaysia: <a href="/facts/Genting_Highlands/kRf8cwe3">Genting Highlands</a> Resort loyalty card, WorldCard,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a> is valid in three countries: Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong.</li>
<li>Philippines:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a> <a href="/facts/SM_Supermalls/8D2nMVWN">SM Supermalls</a> and <a href="/facts/BDO_Unibank/t3MPHbVu">BDO Unibank</a> offer rewards cards which are accepted by <a href="/facts/The_SM_Store/UVDc7mol">The SM Store</a>, <a href="/facts/SM_Supermarket/UVDc7mol">SM Supermarket</a>, <a href="/facts/SM_Hypermarket/UVDc7mol">SM Hypermarket</a>, <a href="/facts/ACE_Hardware/xW4gEp8g">ACE Hardware</a> and Watsons Pharmacy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> <a href="/facts/Robinsons_Malls/kkYXoIuN">Robinsons Malls</a> also offers a loyalty program through the Go Rewards app (formerly known as the Robinsons Rewards card).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a> Others are <a href="/facts/Jollibee/PLAYCyl1">Jollibee</a>, (HappyPlus card),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a> Grab Rewards,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a> and <a href="/facts/Mercury_Drug/ubpQg21G">Mercury Drug</a>'s Suki Card.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a></li>
<li>Singapore: Loyalty programs in Singapore include GrabRewards<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a> by <a href="/facts/Grab_(company)/zrqwAymv">Grab</a>, SAFRA<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a> and Plus!<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a> from <a href="/facts/National_Trades_Union_Congress/1Pr9jBCA">NTUC</a>.</li></ul>
<h3>Europe</h3>
<ul><li>Austria: The two largest loyalty programs in <a href="/facts/Austria/4qWIMIyc">Austria</a> are Payback and mo. JÖ was fully launched in 2019.</li>
<li>Finland: The two major retail coalitions with loyalty programs are the <a href="/facts/S-Group/gUYAeKqJ">S-Group</a> with their S-Etukortti card<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a>) and <a href="/facts/Kesko/o89ozfCR">Kesko</a> with K-Plussa (67%).</li>
<li>Georgia: <a href="/facts/Georgia_(country)/ccBF8bBE">Georgia</a>'s biggest loyalty card program has been run by Universal Card Corporation since 2010 via <a href="/facts/Unicard/7ytva7u2">UNICARD</a>.</li>
<li>Germany: The largest loyalty program is Payback, launched in 2000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a> HappyDigits [de] and the Shell ClubSmart program are next in size.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a> DeutschlandCard [de] was launched by <a href="/facts/Arvato/9HVvcD7S">Arvato</a> in 2008. HappyDigits was disbanded by 2010.</li>
<li>Hungary: SuperShop and Multipoint are their main loyalty programs.</li>
<li>Italy: After the exit of Nectar from the market in 2015, Payback is the most popular loyalty program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a> Supermarkets Esselunga, Coop and Il Gigante also have loyalty programs.</li>
<li>Latvia: One of the largest loyalty programs in Latvia which is working as an operator for many merchants is Pins. Another is Walmoo</li>
<li>Norway: The largest Norwegian loyalty program is Trumf. Trumf is a "brick and mortar" loyalty program owned by <a href="/facts/NorgesGruppen/qmJk8aDV">NorgesGruppen</a>, a grocery wholesaling group in Norway.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a> KickBack.no is one of the largest online loyalty programs and cashback sites in Norway. KickBack.no is owned by <a href="/facts/Schibsted/RrIoXJM2">Schibsted Media Group</a>.</li>
<li>Republic of Ireland: <a href="/facts/Superquinn/RDFfSowc">Superquinn</a> introduced its SuperClub loyalty card in 1993, the prototype for Europe. However, loyalty cards did not expand until 1997, when <a href="/facts/Tesco_Ireland/PtdCeMNQ">Tesco Ireland</a> introduced its Clubcard scheme, shortly after its purchase of Power Supermarkets. <a href="/facts/SuperValu_(Ireland)/WpP8lsKV">SuperValu</a> introduced their own loyalty club called Real Rewards. Others were:
<ul><li>During the late 1990s—<a href="/facts/Esso/BH1EQrh8">Esso</a> petrol program were: Tiger Miles, <a href="/facts/Maxol/01ysNDXJ">Maxol</a>, <a href="/facts/Texaco/SMvGrdIW">Texaco</a> and <a href="/facts/Statoil/xhKT9fyQ">Statoil</a>. Increasing oil prices ended these in 2005.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Game_(retailer)/j8Nad4XH">Game</a>, a major computer game and hardware retailer, which merged with <a href="/facts/Electronics_Boutique/TypNDfBV">Electronics Boutique</a>'s programme.</li>
<li>Rewards From Us To You, a hotel loyalty program</li></ul></li>
<li>Russia: MALINA, "the largest multicorporate customer loyalty program in Russia,"<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a> was launched in 2006 by Loyalty Partners Vostok.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a> Another is Mnogo.ru.</li>
<li>Switzerland: Loyalty programs are popular in <a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe">Switzerland</a>, with the two main supermarket chains, <a href="/facts/Migros/ga8HyKPp">Migros</a> and <a href="/facts/Coop_(Switzerland)/yxnvdkwc">Coop</a> prominent. The M-Cumulus card can be used at the Migros supermarkets, <a href="/facts/Ex_Libris_(bookshop)/6wweQ7vs">Ex Libris</a>, SportXX, and other retailers. The Coop Supercard earns points on purchases at Coop and a variety of other associated stores. Other stores such as Interio, a furniture retailer, are also joining the market with loyalty cards and store-based incentivized credit cards. The only coalition loyalty scheme in Switzerland is Bonus Card with a network of over 300 independent retail partners.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a> In recent years, online loyalty programs have also started to target the Swiss. First to make an offering in Switzerland was German-based Webmiles. Claiming to be Switzerland's first online bonus program, Bonuspoints was launched in early 2008 and offers incentives for shopping at 70 different online stores.</li>
<li>Turkey: <a href="/facts/Pegasus_Airlines/HjT3eCX5">Pegasus Airlines</a> has a loyalty program called Pegasus Plus which gives rewards for every flight. Passengers can spend reward points as a discount without waiting to cover a full flight. <a href="/facts/Turkish_Airlines/Qm68uKbz">Turkish Airlines</a> has a loyalty program called Miles&Smiles.</li>
<li>United Kingdom: Passcard (later renamed Passkey) was in the early 1980s.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a> <a href="/facts/Sainsbury%27s/wqVUEEhU">Sainsbury's</a> <a href="/facts/Homebase/f9x3zIVo">Homebase</a> Spend and Save Card was another early 1980s loyalty card.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a> A later program, <a href="/facts/Tesco/Xjn7VFmo">Tesco</a>'s ClubCard, was criticized for not offering value for money.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a> <a href="/facts/The_Economist/KNjzFCVU">The Economist</a> suggested that the real benefit of loyalty cards to UK outlets is the massive <a href="/facts/Marketing_research/TVqxh9zK">marketing research</a> database potential they offer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a> <a href="/facts/Morrisons/vPyXPLy9">Morrisons</a> is another program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a> Many stores have kiosks that, with the cards, print vouchers that can be used at the till.<a href="/facts/Safeway_plc/vEJ971N6">Safeway's</a> ABC Card was discontinued in 2000.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a> Maximiles<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a> is an online coalition program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a>Formerly operated by <a href="/facts/British_Airways/EbR0VE4k">British Airways</a>, <a href="/facts/Air_Miles/AmNvlQmu">Airmiles</a> was rebranded in 2011 from Airmiles to Avios, with changes that caused members to pay taxes and fees on flights they used for redemption.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a></li></ul>
Co-operative Membership: the Co-op Group offers a 2% (previously 5%) refund to members on Co-op branded products with 2% also going to the cardholder's nominated charity. This is only available in Co-op Group stores. It replaced the dividend benefit previously used. Other Co-op chains continue with the dividend scheme, e.g. Midcounties Co-operative. Many of these accept other Co-operative loyalty cards but generally without the same benefits. For instance Midcounties Co-operative accept Co-operative Group cards but there is no charity donation or cardholder refund.

<h3>The Americas</h3>
<ul><li>Brazil
<ul><li>Dotz is a coalition loyalty program in Brazil with over 50 million members<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Canada
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Aeroplan/yCuF0WVm">Aeroplan</a>, a coalition program centered on <a href="/facts/Air_Canada/fXPwaFRp">Air Canada</a> with Apple, Sephora, Uber also participating<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Air_Miles/AmNvlQmu">Air Miles</a> is Canada's largest loyalty program.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Canadian_Tire/PsEa3jNQ">Canadian Tire</a>'s <a href="/facts/Canadian_Tire_money/zmfUIs27">Canadian Tire money</a> is the oldest loyalty program in <a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc">Canada</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<ul><li><ul><li>The food and beverage industry also has several companies with rewards programs such as <a href="/facts/Tim_Hortons/rAIHWtXj">Tim Hortons</a>' Tim's Rewards<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Scene%2B/aD7P6IDp">Scene+</a>, a coalition program with participants include Cineplex-owned cinemas, Scotiabank (for spending using its cards), Sobeys grocery stores, Home Hardware , Expedia, Recipe restaurants and <a href="/facts/Rakuten_Rewards/7cdKtEom">Rakuten Rewards</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79">79</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80">80</a></li></ul></li>
<li>United States: In the US, loyalty cards have a long history.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81">81</a> Some are only online.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82">82</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83">83</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84">84</a> Some partner with classic credit cards.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85">85</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86">86</a> <a href="/facts/Frequent-flyer_program/wMhGtS8P">Frequent-flyer programs</a> and, less commonly SeaMiles<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87">87</a> co-exist with programs that donate a percentage of sales to a designated charity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88">88</a> Some American retailers either have not implemented these cards, or eliminated them, in favor of discounts for all shoppers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89">89</a> Few states regulate club cards. As an example, supermarkets in <a href="/facts/California/zLW2vdQJ">California</a> are subject to the Supermarket Club Card Disclosure Act of 1999.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90">90</a>
<ul><li>Coalition programs include <a href="/facts/Plenti/NDymFlxS">Plenti</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91">91</a></li></ul></li>
<li>Mexico:
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Aerom%C3%A9xico_Rewards/o4w10ySA">Aeroméxico Rewards</a>, formerly Club Premier, a coalition program with participation of <a href="/facts/Aeromexico/cBBk7AnL">Aeromexico</a> airlines and multiple otherwise unrelated retail chains</li>
<li>Monedero Naranja (lit. "Orange Wallet"), in which <a href="/facts/Comercial_Mexicana/D0XsTgpz">Comercial Mexicana</a>'s various supermarket brands La Comer, Fresko and City Market, participate<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92">92</a></li></ul></li></ul>
<h3>Oceania</h3>
Flybuys is the largest loyalty program in both <a href="/facts/Flybuys_(Australia)/3VTIubmJ">Australia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93">93</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94">94</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95">95</a> and <a href="/facts/Flybuys_(New_Zealand)/CUBalQYD">New Zealand</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96">96</a> 

<ul><li>Australia: Contenders include <a href="/facts/Woolworths_Group_(Australia)/kIVqlu6n">Woolworths</a>' <a href="/facts/Everyday_Rewards/qLFQfpyh">Everyday Rewards</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97">97</a> <a href="/facts/Myer/o9kIdMGd">Myer</a>'s <a href="/facts/MYER_one/o9kIdMGd">MYER one</a> program, the <a href="/facts/Priceline_(Australia)/BHn2BREP">Priceline</a>'s Sister Club,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98">98</a> <a href="/facts/Amcal/2cG74kKS">Amcal</a> Rewards, <a href="/facts/Miller%27s_Fashion_Club/U087pVRS">Miller's Fashion Club</a>, and the <a href="/facts/BB_Retail_Capital/hxQ5TJKH">BB Retail Capital</a> Pulse Rewards program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99">99</a></li>
<li>New Zealand: Other programs include the <a href="/facts/New_Zealand_Automobile_Association/frGNhjYe">New Zealand Automobile Association</a> AA Smartfuel programme and <a href="/facts/Countdown_(supermarket)/IEL5urcj">Countdown</a> supermarket's Onecard. <a href="/facts/Kachingo/Q9h0PV02">Kachingo</a> was a short-lived "card free" programme.</li></ul>
<h2 id="as-virtual-currency">As virtual currency</h2>
Loyalty programs have been described as a form of centralized <a href="/facts/Virtual_currency/jCkgxzUp">virtual currency</a>, one with unidirectional cash flow, since reward points can be exchanged into a <a href="/facts/Goods_and_services/zsMmYyUJ">good or service</a> but not into cash.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100">100</a>

<h2 id="criticism">Criticism</h2>
Evidence for the effectiveness of loyalty programs is controversial. Many companies are unsure whether and how to use customer loyalty programs profitably. Many programs (regardless of location, size, or industry) are run without the appropriate metrics or target parameters.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101">101</a>
Some companies complain that loyalty programs discount goods to people who are buying goods anyway.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102">102</a> Moreover, the expense of participating in these programs rarely generates a good return on investment. The Forte Consultancy Group regards loyalty programs as <a href="/facts/Bribery/wacTVqVz">bribes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103">103</a> In the case of infrequent spenders, loyalty fees provide a means of <a href="/facts/Subsidy/W9lLudyn">subsidizing</a> discounts.
A 2015 study found that most supermarket loyalty cards in the United States do not offer any real value to their customers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104">104</a> Furthermore, commercial use of customers' <a href="/facts/Personal_data/384PbBg5">personal data</a> – collected as part of loyalty programs – has the potential for abuse; it is highly likely that consumer purchases are tracked and used for <a href="/facts/Marketing_research/TVqxh9zK">marketing research</a> to increase the efficiency of marketing and advertising, which is one of the purposes of offering the loyalty card.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105">105</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106">106</a> For some customers, participating in a loyalty program (even with a fake or anonymous card) funds activities that violate privacy.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107">107</a> Consumers have also expressed concern about the integration of <a href="/facts/RFID/4CnmIV2b">RFID</a> technology into loyalty-card systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108">108</a>
One may view loyalty and credit-card reward-plans as modern-day examples of <a href="/facts/Kickback_(bribery)/2L4nDI73">kickbacks</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109">109</a>
Employees who need to buy something (such as an airline flight or a hotel room) for a <a href="/facts/Business_trip/CG4IWYvh">business trip</a>, but who have discretion to decide which airline or hotel chain to use, have an incentive to choose the payment method that provides the most <a href="/facts/Cashback_reward_program/9FBhxSCd">cash-back</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110">110</a> <a href="/facts/Cashback_reward_program/9FBhxSCd">credit-card rewards</a> or loyalty points instead of minimizing costs for their employer.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111">111</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Geomarketing/zn8n9uzL">Geomarketing</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Identity_management/D4Ukft0T">Identity management</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Incentive/eWAy7odC">Incentive</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Incentive_program/jSXCMAuh">Incentive program</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Loyalty_marketing/QJNkNVkl">Loyalty marketing</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Premium_(marketing)/gVQ2c5xk">Premium (marketing)</a>, e.g., "premiums"</li>
<li><a href="/facts/S%26H_Green_Stamps/8ER3Xu0f">S&H Green Stamps</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Trading_stamp/QBhmCfVM">Trading stamp</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sunk_cost/S0N2pv1C">Sunk cost</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Sharp, Byron; Sharp, Anne (1997), "Loyalty programs and their impact on repeat-purchase loyalty patterns", International Journal of Research in Marketing, 14 (5): 473–486, doi:10.1016/S0167-8116(97)00022-0 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Coalition loyalty programs: how to create an engaging open-loop loyalty program?". www.openloyalty.io. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.openloyalty.io/insider/coalition-loyalty-programs#:~:text=A%20coalition%20loyalty%20program%20is,offer%20a%20shared%20loyalty%20initiative." target="_blank">https://www.openloyalty.io/insider/coalition-loyalty-programs#:~:text=A%20coalition%20loyalty%20program%20is,offer%20a%20shared%20loyalty%20initiative.</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"Earn Cash Back". Rakuten. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.rakuten.com/all-brands" target="_blank">https://www.rakuten.com/all-brands</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Air Miles Middle East". www.airmilesme.com. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.airmilesme.com" target="_blank">https://www.airmilesme.com</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Do downtown shopping districts need their own loyalty programs? - RetailWire". 19 August 2021. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://retailwire.com/discussion/do-downtown-shopping-districts-need-their-own-loyalty-programs/" target="_blank">https://retailwire.com/discussion/do-downtown-shopping-districts-need-their-own-loyalty-programs/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Boudet, Julien (5 March 2020). "Preparing for loyalty's next frontier: Ecosystems | McKinsey". McKinsey. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/growth-marketing-and-sales/our-insights/preparing-for-loyaltys-next-frontier-ecosystems" target="_blank">https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/growth-marketing-and-sales/our-insights/preparing-for-loyaltys-next-frontier-ecosystems</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"What is a Loyalty Program: Benefits, Types". SendPulse. Retrieved 30 May 2024. <a href="https://sendpulse.com/support/glossary/loyalty-program" target="_blank">https://sendpulse.com/support/glossary/loyalty-program</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Wood, Zoe (3 July 2024). "Sparks fly as M&S says no to a plastic loyalty card". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/money/article/2024/jul/03/sparks-fly-as-ms-says-no-to-a-plastic-loyalty-card" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/money/article/2024/jul/03/sparks-fly-as-ms-says-no-to-a-plastic-loyalty-card</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Leff, Gary (24 September 2020). "No More American Airlines Elite Membership Cards, But You Can Still Call For Employee Recognition Certs". View from the Wing. Retrieved 3 July 2024.[self-published source?] <a href="https://viewfromthewing.com/no-more-american-airlines-elite-membership-cards-but-you-can-still-call-for-employee-recognition-certs/" target="_blank">https://viewfromthewing.com/no-more-american-airlines-elite-membership-cards-but-you-can-still-call-for-employee-recognition-certs/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Wood, Zoe (3 July 2024). "Sparks fly as M&S says no to a plastic loyalty card". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/money/article/2024/jul/03/sparks-fly-as-ms-says-no-to-a-plastic-loyalty-card" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/money/article/2024/jul/03/sparks-fly-as-ms-says-no-to-a-plastic-loyalty-card</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Mottl, Judy (3 August 2023). "Tanger Outlets takes digital-first strategy in loyalty program revamp". Retail Customer Experience. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.retailcustomerexperience.com/articles/tanger-outlets-takes-digital-first-strategy-in-loyalty-program-revamp/" target="_blank">https://www.retailcustomerexperience.com/articles/tanger-outlets-takes-digital-first-strategy-in-loyalty-program-revamp/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"Premium Membership and Rewards". Barnes and Noble. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.barnesandnoble.com/membership/" target="_blank">https://www.barnesandnoble.com/membership/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"Global games and FinTech supplier Everi acquires casino kiosk firm Atrient for US$40 million". IAG. 13 March 2019. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.asgam.com/index.php/2019/03/13/global-games-and-fintech-supplier-everi-acquires-casino-kiosk-firm-atrient-for-us40-million/" target="_blank">https://www.asgam.com/index.php/2019/03/13/global-games-and-fintech-supplier-everi-acquires-casino-kiosk-firm-atrient-for-us40-million/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">"Google Kills Punchd Mobile Loyalty Card App". fiercemobilecontent.com. 17 December 2012. Archived from the original on 31 December 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121231021842/http://www.fiercemobilecontent.com/story/google-kills-punchd-mobile-loyalty-card-app/2012-12-17" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20121231021842/http://www.fiercemobilecontent.com/story/google-kills-punchd-mobile-loyalty-card-app/2012-12-17</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Google's Punchd acquisition to push mobile wallet uptake". VentureBeat. 12 July 2011. <a href="https://venturebeat.com/2011/07/12/googles-punchd-acquisition-to-push-mobile-wallet-uptake" target="_blank">https://venturebeat.com/2011/07/12/googles-punchd-acquisition-to-push-mobile-wallet-uptake</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">"Stamp Me app replaces loyalty cards". qsrmedia.com.au. 26 November 2012. <a href="http://qsrmedia.com.au/marketingadvertising/more-news/stamp-me-app-replaces-loyalty-cards" target="_blank">http://qsrmedia.com.au/marketingadvertising/more-news/stamp-me-app-replaces-loyalty-cards</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Collinson, Patrick; Lunn, Emma (12 April 2013). "10 Best Money Saving Apps". The Guardian. London. <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/money/2013/apr/12/10-best-money-saving-apps" target="_blank">https://www.theguardian.com/money/2013/apr/12/10-best-money-saving-apps</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Plink". <a href="https://www.cbinsights.com/company/plink" target="_blank">https://www.cbinsights.com/company/plink</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"Similar companies". <a href="https://www.ventureradar.com/similar/Drop%20Loyalty/8fae528a-3d48-4dc5-8008-81830c0ff41d" target="_blank">https://www.ventureradar.com/similar/Drop%20Loyalty/8fae528a-3d48-4dc5-8008-81830c0ff41d</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">"101 of the best loyalty programs". White Label Loyalty. 25 October 2023. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://whitelabel-loyalty.com/blog/loyalty-industry-insight/101-of-the-best-loyalty-programs" target="_blank">https://whitelabel-loyalty.com/blog/loyalty-industry-insight/101-of-the-best-loyalty-programs</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Fook, Andy Chin Woon; Dastane, Omkar (June 2021). "Effectiveness of Loyalty Programs in Customer Retention: A Multiple Mediation Analysis". Jindal Journal of Business Research. 10 (1): 7–32. doi:10.1177/22786821211000182. ISSN 2278-6821. S2CID 234771932. <a href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/22786821211000182" target="_blank">http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/22786821211000182</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">Dow, Natasha (26 January 2012). "Issue 2 Crowds and Clouds » THE TOUCH-POINT COLLECTIVE: CROWD CONTOURING ON THE CASINO FLOOR". Limn (2): 14. <a href="https://limn.it/articles/the-touch-point-collective-crowd-contouring-on-the-casino-floor/" target="_blank">https://limn.it/articles/the-touch-point-collective-crowd-contouring-on-the-casino-floor/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Long, Emily (6 December 2018). "How Casinos Use Rewards Programs to Track Everything You Do". Lifehacker. <a href="https://lifehacker.com/how-casinos-use-rewards-programs-to-track-everything-yo-1830864482" target="_blank">https://lifehacker.com/how-casinos-use-rewards-programs-to-track-everything-yo-1830864482</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"Caesars Rewards". Caesars.com. <a href="https://www.caesars.com/total-rewards" target="_blank">https://www.caesars.com/total-rewards</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">"Total Rewards Card". Las Vegas How To. <a href="https://www.lasvegashowto.com/total-rewards" target="_blank">https://www.lasvegashowto.com/total-rewards</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:84">Geron, Tomio (14 December 2011). "Belly Targets Paper Punch Card With iPad-Based Loyalty Service". Forbes. <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2011/12/14/belly-enters-loyalty-space-with-ipad-based-system" target="_blank">https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomiogeron/2011/12/14/belly-enters-loyalty-space-with-ipad-based-system</a> <a href="#fnref:84" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:85">"Foursquare And Amex Launching Big Partnership Next Week at SXSW". Business Insider. Retrieved 22 November 2016. <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/foursquare-and-amex-launching-big-partnership-next-week-at-sxsw-2011-3" target="_blank">http://www.businessinsider.com/foursquare-and-amex-launching-big-partnership-next-week-at-sxsw-2011-3</a> <a href="#fnref:85" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:86">Wasserman, Todd (21 November 2011). "Shopkick and Visa to Offer Retail Store Purchase Rewards". Mashable. Retrieved 22 November 2016. <a href="http://mashable.com/2011/11/21/shopkick-visa" target="_blank">http://mashable.com/2011/11/21/shopkick-visa</a> <a href="#fnref:86" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:87">"Article". Los Angeles Times. 14 July 2008. Archived from the original on 6 October 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2015. <a href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20121006015957/http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-28977082" target="_blank">http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20121006015957/http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-28977082</a> <a href="#fnref:87" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:88">"Shop Through iGive.com". animalalliancenyc.org. Retrieved 22 November 2016. <a href="http://www.animalalliancenyc.org/help/other/igive.htm" target="_blank">http://www.animalalliancenyc.org/help/other/igive.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:88" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:89">"Disloyalty Movement". TIME. 11 July 2013. <a href="https://business.time.com/2013/07/11/a-disloyalty-movement-supermarkets-and-customers-drop-loyalty-card-programs/" target="_blank">https://business.time.com/2013/07/11/a-disloyalty-movement-supermarkets-and-customers-drop-loyalty-card-programs/</a> <a href="#fnref:89" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:90">"Supermarket Club Card Disclosure Act of 1999". FindLaw. Retrieved 25 July 2007. <a href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cacodes/civ/1749.60-1749.66.html" target="_blank">http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cacodes/civ/1749.60-1749.66.html</a> <a href="#fnref:90" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:91">Smith, Geoff (August 2016). "How Coalition Loyalty Programs can Excel". Ad Age. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://adage.com/article/digitalnext/strategies-coalition-loyalty-programs/299861" target="_blank">https://adage.com/article/digitalnext/strategies-coalition-loyalty-programs/299861</a> <a href="#fnref:91" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:92">"¿Qué es Monedero Naranja?". La Comer. Retrieved 3 July 2024. <a href="https://www.lacomer.com.mx/lacomer/#!/wallet?succId=287&succFmt=100" target="_blank">https://www.lacomer.com.mx/lacomer/#!/wallet?succId=287&succFmt=100</a> <a href="#fnref:92" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:93">"And the best loyalty program goes to... Coles". B & T. 20 May 2013. Archived from the original on 9 June 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130609211226/http://www.bandt.com.au/news/marketing/and-the-best-loyalty-program-goes-to-coles" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130609211226/http://www.bandt.com.au/news/marketing/and-the-best-loyalty-program-goes-to-coles</a> <a href="#fnref:93" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:94">Flybuys (Australia) Speedy, Blair (17 February 2011). "Coles supermarket to overhaul FlyBuys scheme". The Australian. Retrieved 27 February 2011. <a href="/wiki/Flybuys_(Australia)" target="_blank">/wiki/Flybuys_(Australia)</a> <a href="#fnref:94" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:95">"Australia: FlyBuys launches iPhone App". Colloquy. 29 June 2010. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100729113827/http://www.colloquy.com/breaking_view.asp?xd=7379" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100729113827/http://www.colloquy.com/breaking_view.asp?xd=7379</a> <a href="#fnref:95" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:96">Flybuys (New Zealand) "NZ's biggest loyalty programme gets pumped with fuel discounts| Z". z.co.nz. Z Energy. Retrieved 9 January 2018. <a href="/wiki/Flybuys_(New_Zealand)" target="_blank">/wiki/Flybuys_(New_Zealand)</a> <a href="#fnref:96" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:97">"Woolworths reports solid profits". Australian Food News. 26 August 2010. Retrieved 27 August 2010. <a href="http://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2010/08/26/woolworths-reports-solid-profits.html" target="_blank">http://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2010/08/26/woolworths-reports-solid-profits.html</a> <a href="#fnref:97" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:98">Smith, Sean (30 June 2023). "Wesfarmers Health fast-tracks growth to $40 billion bounty". The West Australian. Retrieved 30 August 2023. <a href="https://thewest.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/wesfarmers-health-wants-to-go-as-fast-as-we-can-in-pursuit-of-takeover-targets-and-growth--c-11124906" target="_blank">https://thewest.com.au/lifestyle/health-wellbeing/wesfarmers-health-wants-to-go-as-fast-as-we-can-in-pursuit-of-takeover-targets-and-growth--c-11124906</a> <a href="#fnref:98" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:99">"Brazin's Pulse goes over the 1 million mark". The Wise Marketer. 25 September 2006. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 25 July 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184658/http://www.thewisemarketer.com/briefs/archive.asp?action=read&bid=1989" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184658/http://www.thewisemarketer.com/briefs/archive.asp?action=read&bid=1989</a> <a href="#fnref:99" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:100">European Central Bank (October 2012). "1" (PDF). Virtual Currency Schemes. Frankfurt am Main: European Central Bank. p. 5. ISBN 978-92-899-0862-7. Retrieved 5 March 2014. <a href="978-92-899-0862-7" target="_blank">978-92-899-0862-7</a> <a href="#fnref:100" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:101">Meili, Alexander (2022). "Loyalty Program Assessment. KPI-Based Evaluation of Customer Loyalty Programs". HWZ Working Paper Series. doi:10.5281/zenodo.6521984. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281%2Fzenodo.6521984" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.5281%2Fzenodo.6521984</a> <a href="#fnref:101" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:102">Taylor, Wayne; Hollenbeck, Brett (2021). "Leveraging Loyalty Programs Using Competitor Based Targeting". Quantitative Marketing and Economics. 19 (3–4): 417–455. doi:10.1007/s11129-021-09237-y. S2CID 108298338. SSRN 3353432. <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3353432" target="_blank">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3353432</a> <a href="#fnref:102" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:103">"Designing Best-in-Class Loyalty Programs – Getting the Benefits Right". White Paper. Forte Consultancy. Retrieved 28 April 2019. Loyalty program benefits are, in their essence, a bribe. In exchange for a set of benefits, a consumer allows the company to give those benefits to track his or her purchasing behavior. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DPHuBQAAQBAJ" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=DPHuBQAAQBAJ</a> <a href="#fnref:103" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:104">"Discover the Best and Worst Loyalty Programs with Our New Infographic". Weekly Ads and Circulars. Retrieved 3 September 2015. The reality is, not all loyalty rewards programs actually add value. Some programs only exist to draw you in and tempt you away from competitors that could actually offer you a better deal. The worst? It turns out that just about any supermarket chain will offer you nothing but bad deals. <a href="http://www.iweeklyads.com/the-best-and-worst-loyalty-programs-grocery-retailer-and-drug-stores" target="_blank">http://www.iweeklyads.com/the-best-and-worst-loyalty-programs-grocery-retailer-and-drug-stores</a> <a href="#fnref:104" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:105">"How do companies use my loyalty card data?". BBC News. 21 March 2018. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-43483426" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-43483426</a> <a href="#fnref:105" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:106">Taylor, Wayne; Hollenbeck, Brett (2021). "Leveraging Loyalty Programs Using Competitor Based Targeting". SMU Cox School of Business Research Paper No. 19-10. SSRN 3353432. <a href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3353432" target="_blank">https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3353432</a> <a href="#fnref:106" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:107">Albrecht, Katherine. "Why getting a shopper card under a fake name is not the answer". Consumers Against Supermarket Privacy Invasion And Numbering. Archived from the original on 19 October 2007. Retrieved 23 November 2007. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071019035625/http://www.nocards.org/essays/nofakes.shtml" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20071019035625/http://www.nocards.org/essays/nofakes.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:107" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:108">Blau, John (1 March 2004). "Metro Store bows to pressure from anti-RFID activists". InfoWorld. Archived from the original on 12 March 2004. Retrieved 23 November 2007. Ahead of a planned demonstration on Saturday, Metro AG decided to drop the use of RFID tags in customer loyalty cards used at its Extra Future Store supermarket in Rheinberg, Germany, where the retail group is testing several new IT retail technologies, Metro company spokesman Albrecht von Truchsess said Monday. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040312062250/http://www.infoworld.com/article/04/03/01/HNmetrostore_1.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20040312062250/http://www.infoworld.com/article/04/03/01/HNmetrostore_1.html</a> <a href="#fnref:108" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:109">Compare:
Gup, Benton E. (1990). Bank Fraud: Exposing the Hidden Threat to Financial Institutions. Rolling Meadows, Illinois: Bankers Publishing Company. p. 85. ISBN 9781555201678. Retrieved 10 January 2021. [...] kickback and credit card schemes that are relatively small by themselves, but collectively qualify as major frauds. <a href="9781555201678" target="_blank">9781555201678</a> <a href="#fnref:109" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:110">Kowalik, Frank (1991). IRS Humbug: IRS Weapons of Enslavement. Oakland Park, Florida: Universalistic Publishers. p. 46. ISBN 9780962655203. Retrieved 10 January 2021. Among other terms used for kickbacks are sales incentive, cash back, coupon sales, commissions, and discounts. <a href="9780962655203" target="_blank">9780962655203</a> <a href="#fnref:110" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:111">Shugan, Steve (2005). "Brand Loyalty Programs: Are They Shams?". Marketing Science. 24 (2): 185–193. doi:10.1287/mksc.1050.0124. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1287%2Fmksc.1050.0124" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1287%2Fmksc.1050.0124</a> <a href="#fnref:111" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Loyalty program open-in-new

Loyalty program