Diazodinitrophenol

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
Diazodinitrophenol was first prepared in 1858 by the German chemist <a href="/facts/Peter_Griess/6ksmURVu">Peter Griess</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> It was among the first <a href="/facts/Diazo/qNcCkYb8">diazo</a> compounds and for a long time thereafter it was
used as a starting material for dyes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> Although Griess had mentioned in 1859 that diazodinitrophenol exploded upon heating,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> it was not until 1892 that diazodinitrophenol was first used as an explosive – when Wilhelm Will<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> and Friedrich Lenze, German chemists at the Militär-Versuchsamt (military research office) in Spandau, Germany, began to investigate azides as potential initiators of explosives.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a> The research was conducted secretly. After a fatal accident, the work was discontinued.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>

<h2 id="synthesis">Synthesis</h2>
DDNP can be synthesized by the reaction of <a href="/facts/Nitric_acid/UDbwGp6s">nitric acid</a> with <a href="/facts/Picramic_acid/aF9965Vk">picramic acid</a> in <a href="/facts/Ethanol/3lCLfBSP">ethanol</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Robert Matyáš and Jiří Pachman, Primary Explosives (Berlin, Germany: Springer Verlag, 2013), Chapter 6: Diazodinitrophenol, pp. 157-166; see p. 159. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wfJHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=wfJHAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA157</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Tadeusz Urbański with Marian Jurecki and Sylvia Laverton, trans., Chemistry and Technology of Explosives (Oxford, England: Permagon Press, 1967), vol. 3, pp. 201-204; see especially p. 202. <a href="https://archive.org/stream/ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii/ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii-TadeuszUrbanski#page/n211/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii/ChemistryAndTechnologyOfExplosives-VolumeIii-TadeuszUrbanski#page/n211/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">(Urbański, 1967), p. 202. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">(Urbański, 1967), p. 204. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Courtney, Elya; Courtney, Amy; Peter David Summer; Courtney, Michael (2014). "Performance testing of lead free primers: Blast waves, velocity variations, and environmental testing". arXiv:1410.6390 [physics.pop-ph]. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Peter Griess (1858) "Vorläufige Notiz über die Einwirkung von salpetriger Säure auf Amidinitro- und Aminitrophenylsäure," (Preliminary notice of the reaction of nitrous acid with picramic acid and aminonitrophenol), Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie, 106 : 123-125. <a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101044011037;view=1up;seq=541" target="_blank">http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101044011037;view=1up;seq=541</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">L. V. Clark (1933) "Diazodinitrophenol, a detonating explosive," Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 25 (6) : 663-669. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">P. Griess (1859) "On new nitrogenous derivatives of the phenyl- and benzoyl-series," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 9 : 594-597; see especially p. 595. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T0JEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA594" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=T0JEAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA594</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">For biographical information about Wilhelm Will, see Wilhelm Will in German Wikipedia (in German). <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Will" target="_blank">https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Will</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">See:
(Urbański, 1967), p. 202.
H. Kast, Spreng- und Zündstoffe [Explosives and Detonators] (Braunschweig, Germany: Friedrich Vieweg & Sohn, 1921), pp. 433, 426.
 <a href="https://archive.org/stream/DieSprengUndZundstoffe/SprengUndZndstoffe_kast-1921#page/n441/mode/2up" target="_blank">https://archive.org/stream/DieSprengUndZundstoffe/SprengUndZndstoffe_kast-1921#page/n441/mode/2up</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">See:
Guy B. Taylor and W. C. Cope (1917) "Initial priming substances for high explosives," Technical Paper 162, Bureau of Mines, U. S. Dept. of the Interior, 32 pages; see p. 7.
Will, W. (1914) "Der Fortschritt in der Auslösung der explosiblen Systeme und sein Einfluss auf die Sprengstoffindustrie" (Progress in the triggering of explosive systems and its influence on the explosives industry), Zeitschrift für das gesamte Schieß- und Sprengstoffwesen, 9 : 52-53.
 <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H647AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA7" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=H647AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA7</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Clark, L. V. (1933). "Diazodinitrophenol, a Detonating Explosive". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 25 (6): 663–669. doi:10.1021/ie50282a021. ISSN 0019-7866. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Diazodinitrophenol open-in-new

Diazodinitrophenol