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1860
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<h2 id="events">Events</h2> <h3>January</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/January_2/awKrLGc0">January 2</a> – The astronomer <a href="/facts/Urbain_Le_Verrier/mVzvmAPM">Urbain Le Verrier</a> announces the discovery of a hypothetical planet <a href="/facts/Vulcan_(hypothetical_planet)/VT5z4h0b">Vulcan</a> at a meeting of the <a href="/facts/French_Academy_of_Sciences/zF42DYQv">French Academy of Sciences</a> in Paris, France.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/January_10/9GMS7Pz5">January 10</a> – The <a href="/facts/Pemberton_Mill/DjpRCb9j">Pemberton Mill</a> in <a href="/facts/Lawrence%2c_Massachusetts/BE33L3ur">Lawrence, Massachusetts</a> collapses, killing at least 77 workers.</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_13/rvD8TxJq">January 13</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_T%25C3%25A9touan/CXfwjGkd">Battle of Tétouan</a>, <a href="/facts/Morocco/6ly8170M">Morocco</a>: Spanish troops under General <a href="/facts/Leopoldo_O%2527Donnell/ze6pGsqr">Leopoldo O'Donnell</a>, 1st Duke of Tetuan defeat the Moroccan Army.</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_20/GcrSc1fb">January 20</a> – <a href="/facts/Camillo_Benso%2c_Count_of_Cavour/e66IhWn5">Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour</a> is recalled as Prime Minister of <a href="/facts/Piedmont-Sardinia/h7CTWyz2">Piedmont-Sardinia</a>.</li></ul> <h3>February</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/February_20/okIbPUW6">February 20</a> – Canadian Royal Mail steamer <a href="/facts/SS_Hungarian/NjwlMlgX">SS <i>Hungarian</i></a> (1859) is wrecked on <a href="/facts/Cape_Sable_Island/37papjNU">Cape Sable Island</a>, <a href="/facts/Nova_Scotia/RcmIvd1A">Nova Scotia</a>, on passage from the British Isles to the United States with all 205 onboard lost.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/February_26/GGkCTbls">February 26</a> – The <a href="/facts/1860_Wiyot_Massacre/0g7Brqy3">Wiyot Massacre</a> takes place at <a href="/facts/Tuluwat_Island/1EQMwcGk">Tuluwat Island</a>, <a href="/facts/Humboldt_Bay/9nFzoVVI">Humboldt Bay</a> in northern California.</li> <li><a href="/facts/February_26/GGkCTbls">February 27</a> – <a href="/facts/Abraham_Lincoln/F8VqYAsA">Abraham Lincoln</a> makes his <a href="/facts/Cooper_Union_speech/BSTTCfjs">Cooper Union</a> speech in New York that is largely responsible for his election to the presidency.</li></ul> <h3>March</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/March_17/KWQqx7wR">March 17</a> – The <a href="/facts/First_Taranaki_War/IwS5E3PY">First Taranaki War</a> begins at <a href="/facts/Waitara%2c_New_Zealand/LBWjrxxe">Waitara, New Zealand</a>, when <a href="/facts/M%25C4%2581ori_people/cvfbQmp8">Māori</a> refuse to sell land to British settlers.</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_22/fSA3uKnK">March 22</a> – The <a href="/facts/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany/4IbKfzCY">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a> is annexed to the newly formed <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Italy/X5hxYBvF">Kingdom of Italy</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_24/4wPpsvg0">March 24</a> – <a href="/facts/Sakuradamon_Incident_(1860)/nxMupcbT">Sakuradamon Incident</a>: <a href="/facts/R%25C5%258Dnin/XdYS0t0h">Rōnin</a> <a href="/facts/Samurai/5NSPbSuI">samurai</a> of the <a href="/facts/Mito_Domain/sHevXQpK">Mito Domain</a> in Japan assassinate <a href="/facts/Tair%25C5%258D/IK4lvJjI">tairō</a> (Chief Minister) <a href="/facts/Ii_Naosuke/4aYqJDsz">Ii Naosuke</a> outside the Sakurada Gate of <a href="/facts/Edo_Castle/7lWBsrP8">Edo Castle</a>, disaffected with his role in the opening of Japan to foreign powers.</li> <li><a href="/facts/March/11oMY3Hn">March</a>–August – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Jiangnan_(1860)/KVahtXsE">The second rout</a> of the <a href="/facts/Jiangnan_Daying/8lWvWXrd">Jiangnan Daying</a> destroys the <a href="/facts/Qing_dynasty/5j6r4p5m">Qing dynasty</a>'s army of 180,000.</li></ul> <h3>April</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/April_2/dUDfA8dd">April 2</a> – The <a href="/facts/Italian_Parliament/JFxX5z7d">first Italian Parliament</a> meets at <a href="/facts/Turin/PudIVEnr">Turin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/April_3/qXsPDWwH">April 3</a> – In the U.S., the <a href="/facts/Pony_Express/1ERkftDx">Pony Express</a> begins its first run from <a href="/facts/St._Joseph%2c_Missouri/X7HIGMrQ">St. Joseph, Missouri</a>, to <a href="/facts/Sacramento%2c_California/L2BulyUg">Sacramento, California</a>, with riders carrying a small <a href="/facts/Bible/SqkRTKCh">Bible</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/April_4/2L9S4wXV">April 4</a> – A new uprising erupts in <a href="/facts/Palermo/gCwkjXFg">Palermo</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/April_9/YXsD7q0j">April 9</a> – French typesetter <a href="/facts/%25C3%2589douard-L%25C3%25A9on_Scott_de_Martinville/4uea0TUw">Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville</a> creates a recording of the French folk song <i><a href="/facts/Au_clair_de_la_lune/D3WYTNME">Au clair de la lune</a></i> with his <a href="/facts/Phonautograph/0TYLtT0u">phonautograph</a>, producing the world's earliest known intelligible <a href="/facts/Sound_recording/BMbpAWkE">sound recording</a> of the human voice (however, it was not rediscovered until <a href="/facts/2008/nrFQTFDH">2008</a>).</li></ul> <h3>May</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/May_1/eRu0VIw3">May 1</a> – A Chondrite-type <a href="/facts/Meteorite/NsmHlBlX">meteorite</a> falls to earth in <a href="/facts/Muskingum_County%2c_Ohio/3MWEfDql">Muskingum County, Ohio</a>, near the town of <a href="/facts/New_Concord%2c_Ohio/J0oN6o6n">New Concord</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_6/blgxDDYV">May 6</a> – <a href="/facts/Expedition_of_the_Thousand/VKpfQCw7">Expedition of the Thousand</a>: <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> and his troops depart from <a href="/facts/Genoa/PE9sekQU">Quarto</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_8/PEe2X6Xh">May 8</a> – In <a href="/facts/Granadine_Confederation/AXAyb6Qq">New Granada</a> (modern-day <a href="/facts/Colombia/nl7r8Q2u">Colombia</a>) the southern state of <a href="/facts/Cauca_Department/v62d1fAr">Cauca</a> secedes from the central government, in protest at the suggestion of increase of presidential powers; <a href="/facts/Magdalena_Department/KwUw0GHN">Magdalena</a> and <a href="/facts/Bol%25C3%25ADvar_Department/3lwzImBq">Bolívar</a> join it; <a href="/facts/Colombian_Civil_War_(1860%25E2%2580%259362)/I8ysrEG3">civil war</a> erupts.</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_15/rRHwCQV6">May 15</a> – <a href="/facts/Expedition_of_the_Thousand/VKpfQCw7">Expedition of the Thousand</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Calatafimi/I2RYN15o">Battle of Calatafimi</a>: Troops under <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> defeat the army of <a href="/facts/Naples/SXrFcg2C">Naples</a> in <a href="/facts/Sicily/E6fug03z">Sicily</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_17/G6EBDqfj">May 17</a> – The German association football club <i><a href="/facts/TSV_1860_M%25C3%25BCnchen/cp0m0hor">TSV 1860 München</a></i> is founded.</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_27/TWP3cqDQ">May 27</a> – Garibaldi's forces take <a href="/facts/Palermo/gCwkjXFg">Palermo</a>, the capital of Sicily.</li></ul> <h3>June</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/June_12/TA9W2nuf">June 12</a> – (May 31 O.S.) – The <a href="/facts/State_Bank_of_the_Russian_Empire/dasd3AdC">State Bank of the Russian Empire</a> is established.</li></ul> <h3>July</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/July_2/09eQoyvE">July 2</a> – <a href="/facts/Vladivostok/NQQrTaMY">Vladivostok</a> is founded in Russia.</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_11/Q2AsEnr6">July 11</a> – Mutsuhito (the future <a href="/facts/Emperor_Meiji/K5YkctrT">Emperor Meiji</a>) becomes <a href="/facts/Crown_Prince/27V3spwl">Crown Prince</a> of Japan.</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_20/vLon7lPc">July 20</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Milazzo_(1860)/qHjz2QQ7">Battle of Milazzo</a>: The forces of <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> defeat royal Neapolitan forces near Messina, bringing nearly all of Sicily under Garibaldi's control.</li></ul> <h3>August</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/August_13/2lF5GAtt">August 13</a> – <a href="/facts/Jos%25C3%25A9_Ignacio_Pav%25C3%25B3n/Hfppkz5T">José Ignacio Pavón</a> (1791-1866) becomes unconstitutional interim <a href="/facts/President_of_Mexico/WKeRteSb">President of Mexico</a>, replacing <a href="/facts/Miguel_Miram%25C3%25B3n/0HbwcLyz">Miguel Miramón</a>. Two days later Miramón becomes president again.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/August_22/h6zS4KCm">August 22</a> – Assisted by the British Navy, the troops of <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> cross from Sicily to the Italian mainland.</li></ul> <h3>September</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/September_3/HveWHyJI">September 3</a>–<a href="/facts/September_5/PSE8BQIk">5</a> – The <a href="/facts/Karlsruhe_Congress/DtkrH84k">First International Chemistry Congress</a> is held in <a href="/facts/Karlsruhe/2unoefIC">Karlsruhe</a>, <a href="/facts/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden/erbHFjpD">Baden</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_7/ylKjs7QG">September 7</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/facts/PS_Lady_Elgin/IDRyME0H">PS <i>Lady Elgin</i></a> is accidentally rammed and sunk in <a href="/facts/Lake_Michigan/t5ynSsvY">Lake Michigan</a>, drowning at least 300 people.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>'s forces capture <a href="/facts/Naples/SXrFcg2C">Naples</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/September_10/1EqUc6E2">September 10</a> – Piedmontese forces invade the <a href="/facts/Papal_States/536PqTjo">Papal States</a>, hoping to link up with <a href="/facts/Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Garibaldi</a> in Naples.</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_18/4BxhKt1x">September 18</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Castelfidardo/pHCkpw1y">Battle of Castelfidardo</a>: The Piedmontese decisively defeat the Papal forces, allowing them to continue their march into Neapolitan territory, and effectively reducing the <a href="/facts/Papal_States/536PqTjo">Papal States</a> to the territory around Rome.</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_24/ykTEzw6d">September 24</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Guayaquil/ut4BakLS">Battle of Guayaquil</a>: <a href="/facts/Ecuador/Tdv7czY4">Ecuadorian</a> forces, led by <a href="/facts/Juan_Jos%25C3%25A9_Flores/lhjDrnUB">Juan José Flores</a> and <a href="/facts/Gabriel_Garc%25C3%25ADa_Moreno/gg64h3sc">Gabriel García Moreno</a>, take the port of Guayaquil from Supreme Chief <a href="/facts/Guillermo_Franco_(Ecuadorian_general)/Qf2LQlSD">Guillermo Franco</a>, who is backed by <a href="/facts/Peru/dBt7XrYD">Peruvian</a> forces.</li></ul> <h3>October</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/October/V2SyT6DS">October</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Hanning_Speke/GTXABf5g">John Hanning Speke</a> and <a href="/facts/James_Augustus_Grant/DPX0616X">James Augustus Grant</a> leave <a href="/facts/Zanzibar/Nj7CFq9B">Zanzibar</a>, to search for the source of the <a href="/facts/Nile_River/vGoXVUFH">Nile River</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_1/1S5rC5p7">October 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Battle_of_Volturnus_(1860)/3dryy1mh">Battle of Volturnus</a>: Garibaldi defeats the last organized army of the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies/oghhmo46">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_5/NRyybbNE">October 5</a> – Austria, Britain, France, <a href="/facts/Prussia/fs1wEGrk">Prussia</a> and the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman Empire</a> form a commission to investigate the <a href="/facts/1860_Druze%25E2%2580%2593Maronite_conflict/yu8RXl8n">causes of the massacres</a> of <a href="/facts/Maronite_Christians/GXPcDyj3">Maronite Christians</a>, committed by <a href="/facts/Druze/HzEnIHJT">Druzes</a> in <a href="/facts/Lebanon/2dReTXyp">Lebanon</a> earlier in the year.</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_6/kEsfCLXn">October 6</a> – <a href="/facts/Section_377/su1LP3cn">Section 377</a> of the British Indian penal code was enacted in <a href="/facts/British_India/qdbjMfvI">British India</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_17/WCRlMQyF">October 17</a> – <a href="/facts/The_Open_Championship/LbnCLMyx">The Open Championship</a>, also known as the British Open, is played for the first time at <a href="/facts/Prestwick_Golf_Club/PXaGmh4Y">Prestwick Golf Club</a> in <a href="/facts/Ayrshire/7Itw1PzW">Ayrshire</a>, Scotland. The event is won by <a href="/facts/Willie_Park_Sr/qbA59qMn">Willie Park Sr</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/October_18/V8H762CJ">October 18</a> – The first <a href="/facts/Convention_of_Peking/7zN3Spc0">Convention of Peking</a> formally ends the <a href="/facts/Second_Opium_War/FXfrT3Ew">Second Opium War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_18/V8H762CJ">October 18</a>–<a href="/facts/October_21/03PKQrWy">21</a> – Beijing's <a href="/facts/Old_Summer_Palace/Jbmol2cn">Old Summer Palace</a> is burned to the ground by orders of British general <a href="/facts/James_Bruce%2c_8th_Earl_of_Elgin/3p5WfPwt">Lord Elgin</a>, in retaliation for mistreatment of several <a href="/facts/Prisoners_of_war/X22JC3Fj">prisoners of war</a>, during the <a href="/facts/Second_Opium_War/FXfrT3Ew">Second Opium War</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_19/C2NLg2kT">October 19</a> – A new <a href="/facts/M%25C4%2581ori_people/cvfbQmp8">Māori</a> revolt begins in New Zealand.</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_26/fu1RczjD">October 26</a> <ul><li>Garibaldi again defeats the Neapolitan forces, advancing on <a href="/facts/Siege_of_Gaeta_(1860)/Tlt0Xhw7">Gaeta</a>, the last remaining Neapolitan strong-point.</li> <li>Meeting at <a href="/facts/Teano/fRU2tf1Q">Teano</a>: <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> gives <a href="/facts/Naples/SXrFcg2C">Naples</a> to King <a href="/facts/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy/t3PbhgCp">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, recognizing him as <a href="/facts/King_of_Italy/SbGJEsxn">King of Italy</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3>November</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/November_3/dfF9YPTm">November 3</a> – The combined forces of <a href="/facts/Giuseppe_Garibaldi/QmtD7sKy">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> and King <a href="/facts/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy/t3PbhgCp">Victor Emmanuel II</a> besiege King <a href="/facts/Francis_II_of_the_Two_Sicilies/0cI18zgP">Francis II of the Two Sicilies</a> in <a href="/facts/Gaeta/j9bUDzRD">Gaeta</a>, his last remaining stronghold.</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_6/NceNKCec">November 6</a> – <a href="/facts/1860_United_States_presidential_election/DxVYAjwj">1860 United States presidential election</a>: <a href="/facts/Abraham_Lincoln/F8VqYAsA">Abraham Lincoln</a> elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first <a href="/facts/Republican_Party_(United_States)/XXM1EVPr">Republican</a> to hold that office, defeating <a href="/facts/John_C._Breckinridge/DyubYl83">John C. Breckinridge</a>, <a href="/facts/Stephen_A._Douglas/vWy46DEy">Stephen A. Douglas</a>, and <a href="/facts/John_Bell_(Tennessee_politician)/adQqpw3y">John Bell</a>.</li></ul> <h3>December</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/December_1/2AJh8lYG">December 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Dickens/B54mQHJs">Charles Dickens</a> publishes the first installment of <i><a href="/facts/Great_Expectations/TEWCTaDy">Great Expectations</a></i> in his magazine <i><a href="/facts/All_the_Year_Round/padqjB7Q">All the Year Round</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_7/I3NwxhMj">December 7</a> – After a fiercely contested campaign, <a href="/facts/Monier_Monier-Williams/SDP5WncC">Monier Monier-Williams</a> <a href="/facts/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit_election%2c_1860/TrvoJ25n">is elected</a> as the new <a href="/facts/Boden_Professor_of_Sanskrit/Xc7QWPze">Boden Professor of Sanskrit</a>, at Oxford University.</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_20/swF1aEQn">December 20</a> – <a href="/facts/American_Civil_War/A9FT3ksD">American Civil War</a>: <a href="/facts/South_Carolina_in_the_American_Civil_War/sNf9Tl61">South Carolina</a>, led by Governor Francis Pickens, becomes the first state to secede from the United States.</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_24/UQTXc57P">December 24</a> – Mexico's interim president <a href="/facts/Miguel_Miram%25C3%25B3n/0HbwcLyz">Miguel Miramón</a> flees the country after being defeated in battle.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/December_29/WUbU0yzu">December 29</a> – The world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled and armoured <a href="/facts/Battleship/PjjTspo5">battleship</a>, the (British) <a href="/facts/HMS_Warrior_(1860)/Mqny9xh5">HMS <i>Warrior</i></a>, is launched.</li></ul> <h3>Date unknown</h3> <ul><li>Christians and <a href="/facts/Druze/HzEnIHJT">Druzes</a> clash in <a href="/facts/Damascus/IL0Qwt6R">Damascus</a>, Syria.</li> <li>In <a href="/facts/Buenos_Aires/9lUVmS7f">Buenos Aires</a>, leader <a href="/facts/Bartolom%25C3%25A9_Mitre/mTkm3hE9">Bartolomé Mitre</a> subverts the <a href="/facts/Argentine_Confederation/6R23lHQG">Argentine Confederation</a> and begins to establish a new centralist government, with the help of <a href="/facts/Uruguay/X6V0apCb">Uruguayan</a> <a href="/facts/Colorado_Party_(Uruguay)/xM6uJVsL">Colorado party</a> leader <a href="/facts/Venancio_Flores/BduYGDM3">Venancio Flores</a>.</li> <li>China agrees, in an <a href="/facts/Unequal_treaty/gUMEjwYF">unequal treaty</a> (the <a href="/facts/Convention_of_Peking/7zN3Spc0">Convention of Peking</a>) imposed on it, to allow missionaries to proselytize throughout the country.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Discovery_of_the_chemical_elements/QY4X2RP3">Discovery of the chemical elements</a>: <a href="/facts/Robert_Bunsen/HYqSh9tH">Robert Bunsen</a> discovers <a href="/facts/Caesium/dXKN1S5k">caesium</a> and <a href="/facts/Rubidium/KDHSe2HM">rubidium</a>.</li> <li>German chemist <a href="/facts/Albert_Niemann_(chemist)/w0s7llwY">Albert Niemann</a> makes a detailed analysis of the <a href="/facts/Coca/wWM86JDa">coca</a> leaf, isolating and purifying the <a href="/facts/Alkaloid/m6hUXohz">alkaloid</a>, which he calls <a href="/facts/Cocaine/rdQP4zwF">cocaine</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Napoleon_III/F29546rc">Napoleon III</a>, Emperor of the French, and <a href="/facts/Empress_Eug%25C3%25A9nie/rCyu5E4k">Empress Eugénie</a> visit <a href="/facts/Algiers/Cdk8BQl1">Algiers</a> and stay at the <a href="/facts/Casbah_of_Algiers/EqGBbmHP">Casbah of Algiers</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/TAG_Heuer/ncJYBLxU">TAG Heuer</a> watchmaker founded in <a href="/facts/Canton_of_Bern/YwMly7IW">Bern Canton</a>, <a href="/facts/Switzerland/LcGuxeTe">Switzerland</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a></li> <li>The <a href="/facts/Russian_Empire/hg1g5SpV">Russian Empire</a> has c. 1,250 miles (2,010 km) of railroads.</li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <h3>January–March</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/January_3/fwnGfegG">January 3</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Kato_Takaaki/6NssGPKI">Kato Takaaki</a>, 24th <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Japan/RMknUoMt">Prime Minister of Japan</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1926/03cK1qtm">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Yashiro_Rokur%25C5%258D/zjSU3wpN">Yashiro Rokurō</a>, Japanese admiral and politician (d. <a href="/facts/1930/CrbUfsAD">1930</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/January_8/SGESoya0">January 8</a> – <a href="/facts/Emma_Booth_(The_Salvation_Army)/SIScppdW">Emma Booth</a>, fourth child of <a href="/facts/William_Booth/V4Rnl7eY">William</a> and <a href="/facts/Catherine_Booth/AupW4NY5">Catherine Booth</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1903/3EXlvpmh">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_17/9uBLlBms">January 17</a> – <a href="/facts/Douglas_Hyde/1NY08lDy">Douglas Hyde</a>, 1st President of Ireland (d. <a href="/facts/1949/25neuEUm">1949</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_21/5ftFHkfk">January 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Karl_Staaff/tmBuETII">Karl Staaff</a>, Swedish lawyer, politician, 11th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. <a href="/facts/1915/slMK9ba3">1915</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_25/ACbFavE2">January 25</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Curtis/15cQjqpf">Charles Curtis</a>, American politician, 31st Vice President (d. <a href="/facts/1936/VsNHIP3x">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_28/uuAQcD5G">January 28</a> – <a href="/facts/W._G._Read_Mullan/1nUcA9c0">W. G. Read Mullan</a>, American Jesuit, academic (d. <a href="/facts/1910/Kovl3GRp">1910</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_29/BcCrtMkk">January 29</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/William_Jacob_Baer/ACk132rK">William Jacob Baer</a>, American painter (d. <a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Anton_Chekhov/lyTc2YcI">Anton Chekhov</a>, Russian writer (d. <a href="/facts/1904/pYw7uoS4">1904</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/February_11/rUYRkVDa">February 11</a> – <a href="/facts/Rachilde/mW7PSVBN">Rachilde</a>, French author (d. <a href="/facts/1953/9mQVlynh">1953</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/February_14/CpNgqcq1">February 14</a> – <a href="/facts/Eugen_Schiffer/j63PoWsa">Eugen Schiffer</a>, German politician (d. <a href="/facts/1954/qggMYsgW">1954</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/February_18/WmbangCr">February 18</a> – <a href="/facts/Anders_Zorn/yA7CDUGG">Anders Zorn</a>, Swedish artist (d. <a href="/facts/1920/cMv9MvzA">1920</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/February_25/80yUkkDG">February 25</a> – <a href="/facts/Sir_William_Ashley/rwXD6aQB">Sir William Ashley</a>, English economic historian (d. <a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/February_28/qoYyDYpU">February 28</a> – <a href="/facts/Carl_Georg_Barth/o6gkL81N">Carl Georg Barth</a>, Norwegian-American <a href="/facts/Mathematician/eaFSR8Fx">mathematician</a>, <a href="/facts/Mechanical_engineer/cbId4fye">mechanical engineer</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1939/qMDTC2rc">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/February_29/lJscEwUh">February 29</a> – <a href="/facts/Herman_Hollerith/rxpnvpgz">Herman Hollerith</a>, American businessman, inventor (d. <a href="/facts/1929/CqjpW93q">1929</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_2/fwEowLwl">March 2</a> – <a href="/facts/Susanna_M._Salter/jbrvRTSt">Susanna M. Salter</a>, first woman mayor in the United States (d. <a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_5/jfRKxINQ">March 5</a> – <a href="/facts/Sam_Thompson_(outfielder)/A1MzzYIo">Sam Thompson</a>, American baseball player (d. <a href="/facts/1922/AFrJQ34X">1922</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_13/DRSdLnfv">March 13</a> – <a href="/facts/Hugo_Wolf/XISYYJsB">Hugo Wolf</a>, Austrian composer (d. <a href="/facts/1903/3EXlvpmh">1903</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_19/dnyjjGjF">March 19</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Jennings_Bryan/8hxxy4Wu">William Jennings Bryan</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_23/cKARFNn0">March 23</a> – <a href="/facts/Horatio_Bottomley/fomSkBxn">Horatio Bottomley</a>, British politician and businessman (d. <a href="/facts/1933/2LFFswPa">1933</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>April–June</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/April_2/dUDfA8dd">April 2</a> – <a href="/facts/Zheng_Xiaoxu/2rBh53Eu">Zheng Xiaoxu</a>, Chinese statesman, diplomat and calligrapher, first <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Manchukuo/EFnnLsde">Prime Minister of Manchukuo</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1938/auSpdqeH">1938</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/April_7/RqhK5GY4">April 7</a> – <a href="/facts/Will_Keith_Kellogg/P6YnLeld">Will Keith Kellogg</a>, American industrialist, founder of the <a href="/facts/Kellogg_Company/YuByqJRc">Kellogg Company</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1951/o7KS23e8">1951</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/April_23/VCyKHdkg">April 23</a> – <a href="/facts/Archibald_Murray/4sShmxgx">Archibald Murray</a>, British general (d. <a href="/facts/1945/w7Rc9CUl">1945</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/May_2/Jkr8fs6q">May 2</a> – <a href="/facts/Theodor_Herzl/9VahSzAI">Theodor Herzl</a>, Austrian founder of modern political Zionism (d. <a href="/facts/1904/pYw7uoS4">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_7/Nq3amdo7">May 7</a> – <a href="/facts/Tom_Norman/xhBLA9ry">Tom Norman</a>, English freak <a href="/facts/Showman/9FVFr9np">showman</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1930/CrbUfsAD">1930</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_9/0sQWxsWS">May 9</a> – <a href="/facts/J._M._Barrie/qJaD5vSG">J. M. Barrie</a>, Scottish author (d. <a href="/facts/1937/BUX8Hwbf">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_15/rRHwCQV6">May 15</a> – <a href="/facts/Ellen_Axson_Wilson/NvhqqjHR">Ellen Axson Wilson</a>, <a href="/facts/First_Lady_of_the_United_States/NpbrzLdI">First Lady of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1914/VNGWH7j3">1914</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_20/cs2G4cma">May 20</a> – <a href="/facts/Eduard_Buchner/oD3kz8fa">Eduard Buchner</a>, German chemist, <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize</a> laureate (d. <a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_21/7eCgCTWG">May 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Willem_Einthoven/3y1B5zSH">Willem Einthoven</a>, Dutch inventor, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_25/VasFejaY">May 25</a> – <a href="/facts/James_McKeen_Cattell/gynxY09I">James McKeen Cattell</a>, American psychologist (d. <a href="/facts/1944/A6Jvm3T6">1944</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_27/TWP3cqDQ">May 27</a> – <a href="/facts/Manuel_Teixeira_Gomes/ohrw5VGU">Manuel Teixeira Gomes</a>, 7th President of Portugal (d. <a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_29/aEkfT7p6">May 29</a> – <a href="/facts/Isaac_Alb%25C3%25A9niz/gkDVRVd7">Isaac Albéniz</a>, Spanish composer (d. <a href="/facts/1909/EYEK0tGS">1909</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_20/k8thsbu0">June 20</a> – <a href="/facts/Jack_Worrall/jLb2YsbT">Jack Worrall</a>, Australian cricketer, footballer, and coach (d. <a href="/facts/1937/BUX8Hwbf">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_25/3dtwUR6Q">June 25</a> – <a href="/facts/Gustave_Charpentier/Q1gIUuyX">Gustave Charpentier</a>, French composer (d. <a href="/facts/1956/s8lywmqd">1956</a>)</li></ul> <h3>July–September</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/July_3/gKlJPhUd">July 3</a> – <a href="/facts/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman/IhKP3a6T">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a>, American feminist (d. <a href="/facts/1935/cgLN91AJ">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_7/k6IWlEDM">July 7</a> – <a href="/facts/Gustav_Mahler/yYTMSJb6">Gustav Mahler</a>, Austrian composer (d. <a href="/facts/1911/f6cCDfr8">1911</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_13/sGyISgoP">July 13</a> – <a href="/facts/Gustav_Bachmann/5xvwhRJ6">Gustav Bachmann</a>, German admiral (d. <a href="/facts/1943/3DdRsjrn">1943</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/July_16/Db20tCPx">July 16</a> – <a href="/facts/Otto_Jespersen/EjGNp8SJ">Otto Jespersen</a>, Danish linguist, creator of <a href="/facts/Ido_(language)/ShxuTqjF">Ido</a> and <a href="/facts/Novial/KTKyWhkj">Novial</a> languages (d.<a href="/facts/1943/3DdRsjrn">1943</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_19/I0r0n2mL">July 19</a> – <a href="/facts/Lizzie_Borden/fKeFBJeo">Lizzie Borden</a>, American murder suspect (d. <a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/July_31/XlP9dbAo">July 31</a> – <a href="/facts/Sir_George_Warrender%2c_7th_Baronet/o9gqYGfu">Sir George Warrender, 7th Baronet</a>, British admiral (d. <a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_1/K6a8b43b">August 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Bazil_Assan/vItPMQLE">Bazil Assan</a>, Romanian engineer and explorer (d. <a href="/facts/1918/eIGlxNIx">1918</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_3/9AcKoe0e">August 3</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Kennedy_Dickson/afstskYt">William Kennedy Dickson</a>, Scottish inventor, cinema pioneer, and film director (d. <a href="/facts/1935/cgLN91AJ">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_5/0HFogU69">August 5</a> – <a href="/facts/Louis_Wain/vDDPR9d4">Louis Wain</a>, English artist (d. <a href="/facts/1939/qMDTC2rc">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_7/wwF2q19v">August 7</a> – <a href="/facts/Alan_Leo/E4SVmQwQ">Alan Leo</a>, British astrologer (d. <a href="/facts/1917/f4XunIGQ">1917</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_10/gbkk1UJQ">August 10</a> – <a href="/facts/Vishnu_Narayan_Bhatkhande/XIQTPds8">Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande</a>, Indian musician (d. <a href="/facts/1936/VsNHIP3x">1936</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_13/2lF5GAtt">August 13</a> – <a href="/facts/Annie_Oakley/WPVMbqc8">Annie Oakley</a>, American Wild West show performer (d. <a href="/facts/1926/03cK1qtm">1926</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_15/UkXS3RX1">August 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Henrietta_Vinton_Davis/TnaTRgyF">Henrietta Vinton Davis</a>, American elocutionist, dramatist, and impersonator (d. <a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Florence_Harding/9B64e5Py">Florence Harding</a>, <a href="/facts/First_Lady_of_the_United_States/NpbrzLdI">First Lady of the United States</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1924/lArFYWHI">1924</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/August_16/W7hpMxEU">August 16</a> – <a href="/facts/Jules_Laforgue/ogLSvCdC">Jules Laforgue</a>, French poet (d. <a href="/facts/1887/42l31f6p">1887</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_20/a2rr3sGH">August 20</a> – <a href="/facts/Raymond_Poincar%25C3%25A9/xmHbzWMG">Raymond Poincaré</a>, French president (d. <a href="/facts/1934/tayEAFpw">1934</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_22/h6zS4KCm">August 22</a> – <a href="/facts/Alfred_Ploetz/YEyWaxfa">Alfred Ploetz</a>, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (d. <a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_25/U2BMVhpt">August 25</a> – <a href="/facts/George_Fawcett/5qmYeqxc">George Fawcett</a>, American actor (d. <a href="/facts/1939/qMDTC2rc">1939</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_26/7FX0ghhn">August 26</a> – <a href="/facts/Eudora_Stone_Bumstead/DL8mSx9T">Eudora Stone Bumstead</a>, American poet and hymnwriter (d. <a href="/facts/1892/t6ztGdnJ">1892</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_1/Masvqhar">September 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Mary_E._C._Bancker/tT7e41UU">Mary E. C. Bancker</a>, American author (d. <a href="/facts/1921/7abkb6mF">1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_5/PSE8BQIk">September 5</a> – <a href="/facts/Andrew_Volstead/6LVCnKnR">Andrew Volstead</a>, American politician (d. <a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_6/RRFP6ywh">September 6</a> – <a href="/facts/Jane_Addams/ahqHochN">Jane Addams</a>, American social worker, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Peace_Prize/2wVhmLrX">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1935/cgLN91AJ">1935</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_7/ylKjs7QG">September 7</a> – Anna Mary Robertson Moses (aka <a href="/facts/Grandma_Moses/RtzpoNvX">Grandma Moses</a>), American painter (d. <a href="/facts/1961/aVtANPeE">1961</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_13/1fQluuol">September 13</a> – <a href="/facts/John_J._Pershing/d9q2cEHM">John J. Pershing</a>, American general (d. <a href="/facts/1948/8PpY1FY5">1948</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_16/YMWWCMmh">September 16</a> – <a href="/facts/Hermann_Kusmanek_von_Burgneust%25C3%25A4dten/5MzVTDkc">Hermann Kusmanek von Burgneustädten</a>, Austro-Hungarian general (d. <a href="/facts/1934/tayEAFpw">1934</a>)</li></ul> <h3>October–December</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/October_31/unFJnkkY">October 31</a> – <a href="/facts/Juliette_Gordon_Low/xzLcGu5H">Juliette Gordon Low</a>, American founder of the Girl Scouts (d. <a href="/facts/1927/jcoYnDtY">1927</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_1/1tRfIDru">November 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Boies_Penrose/vRhkkG4e">Boies Penrose</a>, United States Senator from Pennsylvania (d. <a href="/facts/1921/7abkb6mF">1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_2/oFnkNkjx">November 2</a> – <a href="/facts/Soapy_Smith/r08zNv2H">Soapy Smith</a>, American con artist and gangster (d. <a href="/facts/1898/22NQXEjQ">1898</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_6/NceNKCec">November 6</a> – <a href="/facts/Ignacy_Jan_Paderewski/HIHyLEwN">Ignacy Jan Paderewski</a>, Polish pianist and composer, 3rd <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Poland/S4to6xja">Prime Minister of Poland</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1941/MxJwh6rk">1941</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_16/9NKJYenm">November 16</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Henry_Kirby/UwKafByu">John Henry Kirby</a>, Texas legislator, American businessman (d. <a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_23/8SFDmo7f">November 23</a> – <a href="/facts/Hjalmar_Branting/R6v5xRKf">Hjalmar Branting</a>, <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden/cELLLCUv">Prime Minister of Sweden</a>, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Peace_Prize/2wVhmLrX">Nobel Peace Prize</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_26/8mzsvBXL">November 26</a> – <a href="/facts/Gabrielle_Petit/2lN7qM2G">Gabrielle Petit</a>, French feminist activist (d. <a href="/facts/1952/LYQM5Bu0">1952</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_27/1oxhThC3">November 27</a> – <a href="/facts/Yui_Mitsue/Bqj1LA0B">Yui Mitsue</a>, Japanese general (d. <a href="/facts/1925/FKVmYRam">1925</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_4/VG2J0cjd">December 4</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_de_Broqueville/gF5eUdxs">Charles de Broqueville</a>, <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Belgium/AloNS24Y">Prime Minister of Belgium</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_7/I3NwxhMj">December 7</a> – <a href="/facts/Joseph_Cook/SyTmepU1">Joseph Cook</a>, 6th <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_Australia/yzh0N8oH">Prime Minister of Australia</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1947/Wy1AYbDz">1947</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_15/JNJ0bo0L">December 15</a> – <a href="/facts/Niels_Ryberg_Finsen/Y0RjHJSc">Niels Ryberg Finsen</a>, Danish physician, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine/rlnpJX84">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1904/pYw7uoS4">1904</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_16/05Yaph5h">December 16</a> – <a href="/facts/Ion_Dragalina/TgPxSjJN">Ion Dragalina</a>, Romanian general (d. <a href="/facts/1916/Vfq2LjJ1">1916</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_25/cQC6alfX">December 25</a> – <a href="/facts/Manuel_Dimech/YceN3eab">Manuel Dimech</a>, Maltese philosopher, social reformer (d. <a href="/facts/1921/7abkb6mF">1921</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_31/YBW5G3CP">December 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Joseph_S._Cullinan/nGj1LT8u">Joseph S. Cullinan</a>, American oil industrialist, founder of <i><a href="/facts/Texaco/SMvGrdIW">Texaco</a></i> (d. <a href="/facts/1937/BUX8Hwbf">1937</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/John_T._Thompson/KLAsHhpG">John T. Thompson</a>, United States Army officer, inventor of the <a href="/facts/Thompson_gun/0Um3TzJz">Tommy gun</a> (d. <a href="/facts/1940/AMQgqkYN">1940</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <h3>January–June</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/January_1/SI1VAKRT">January 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Hobbes_Scott/jE0wU7H8">Thomas Hobbes Scott</a>, English clergyman (b. <a href="/facts/1783/etHoALjY">1783</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_5/SELkhFAN">January 5</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Neumann/4vcdUkBm">John Neumann</a>, <a href="/facts/Saint/lDE6So1B">Saint</a> and <a href="/facts/Roman_Catholic_Bishop_of_Philadelphia/uAxPwjnD">Roman Catholic Bishop of Philadelphia</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1811/t8Uwt7ka">1811</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_10/9GMS7Pz5">January 10</a> – <a href="/facts/Ezequiel_Zamora/SEwvHFSE">Ezequiel Zamora</a>, leader of the Federalist Army in <a href="/facts/Venezuela/eX1qnkln">Venezuela</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1817/0Qb5vfNS">1817</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_13/rvD8TxJq">January 13</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Mason_(New_York_politician)/ySV94Reb">William Mason</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/facts/1786/QyXMf0Bn">1786</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_18/3SBX5CoM">January 18</a> – <a href="/facts/John_Nelson_(lawyer)/r1XWjhSE">John Nelson (lawyer)</a>, American lawyer (b. <a href="/facts/1791/h2byaFmA">1791</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/January_27/sCpAVlra">January 27</a> <ul><li><a href="/facts/J%25C3%25A1nos_Bolyai/JeXBranr">János Bolyai</a>, Hungarian mathematician (b. <a href="/facts/1802/opxy9FNB">1802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Thomas_Brisbane/ls2SlHYE">Thomas Brisbane</a>, Scottish astronomer (b. <a href="/facts/1773/v86LdbWr">1773</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/January_29/BcCrtMkk">January 29</a> – <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ernst_Moritz_Arndt/nolaRtTr">Ernst Moritz Arndt</a>, German poet and author (b. <a href="/facts/1769/4IEBFm0Y">1769</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/St%25C3%25A9phanie_de_Beauharnais/adaJ1NJe">Stéphanie de Beauharnais</a>, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. <a href="/facts/1789/q2vGJ9n1">1789</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/facts/February_29/lJscEwUh">February 29</a> – <a href="/facts/George_Bridgetower/eKvUt00k">George Bridgetower</a>, Afro-Polish violinist (b. <a href="/facts/1778/FqbucKX5">1778</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_6/XyDIJaSH">March 6</a> – <a href="/facts/Justus_Johann_Friedrich_Dotzauer/N6VFJKma">Justus Johann Friedrich Dotzauer</a>, German cellist, composer (b. <a href="/facts/1783/etHoALjY">1783</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_14/psCU0ha1">March 14</a> – <a href="/facts/Carl_Ritter_von_Ghega/36u50In6">Carl Ritter von Ghega</a>, Albanian-born Venetian road engineer (b. <a href="/facts/1802/opxy9FNB">1802</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/March_17/KWQqx7wR">March 17</a> – <a href="/facts/Anna_Brownell_Jameson/0IrTnU3X">Anna Brownell Jameson</a>, British art historian (b. <a href="/facts/1794/9u6HxdjY">1794</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/March_25/D4N2hXpp">March 25</a> – <a href="/facts/James_Braid_(surgeon)/1C339sNk">James Braid</a>, Scottish surgeon (b. <a href="/facts/1795/I2Nmzncx">1795</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_1/eRu0VIw3">May 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Anders_Sand%25C3%25B8e_%25C3%2598rsted/t2IvqGnr">Anders Sandøe Ørsted</a>, 3rd Prime Minister of Denmark (b. <a href="/facts/1778/FqbucKX5">1778</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_10/BkQqYRkX">May 10</a> – <a href="/facts/Theodore_Parker/eUYSS2MV">Theodore Parker</a>, American preacher, Transcendentalist, and abolitionist (b. <a href="/facts/1810/KghrRXX6">1810</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/May_12/07PVkbMH">May 12</a> – Sir <a href="/facts/Charles_Barry/BLTxj72p">Charles Barry</a>, English architect (b. <a href="/facts/1795/I2Nmzncx">1795</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/May_21/7eCgCTWG">May 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Phineas_Gage/ojLpXwkG">Phineas Gage</a>, improbable American head injury survivor (b. <a href="/facts/1823/jrk4eX9n">1823</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/June_26/KnqlWh62">June 26</a> – <a href="/facts/George_Montgomery_White/CxEIxsSa">George Montgomery White</a>, American politician (b. <a href="/facts/1828/dgLDhnSW">1828</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/June_30/jPfW3sLy">June 30</a> – <a href="/facts/Gotthilf_Heinrich_von_Schubert/W6SYW6lp">Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert</a>, German naturalist (b. <a href="/facts/1780/44aMMEeW">1780</a>)</li></ul> <h3>July–December</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/July_1/KU7lnN6l">July 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Charles_Goodyear/RLSBBLAW">Charles Goodyear</a>, American inventor (b. <a href="/facts/1800/G5Il6fwc">1800</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/August_25/U2BMVhpt">August 25</a> – <a href="/facts/Johan_Ludvig_Heiberg_(poet)/JlPxoeu6">Johan Ludvig Heiberg</a>, Danish poet and critic (born <a href="/facts/1791/h2byaFmA">1791</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/September_12/3qnbl2ow">September 12</a> – <a href="/facts/William_Walker_(filibuster)/7RYEgsQY">William Walker</a>, American filibuster who was briefly President of <a href="/facts/Nicaragua/PsyPGXxm">Nicaragua</a> (executed) (b. <a href="/facts/1824/S9leuJfU">1824</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/September_21/M05hqK1K">September 21</a> – <a href="/facts/Arthur_Schopenhauer/pYt2cRmc">Arthur Schopenhauer</a>, German philosopher (b. <a href="/facts/1788/z3JxsH1K">1788</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/October_12/HLQNWqyv">October 12</a> – <a href="/facts/Sir_Harry_Smith%2c_1st_Baronet/l2MQUPmk">Sir Harry Smith</a>, English soldier, military commander (b. <a href="/facts/1787/I2GaPFfB">1787</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_25/sRbwCcIf">October 25</a> – <a href="/facts/Alexander_Maconochie_(penal_reformer)/BGA7wsl1">Alexander Maconchie</a>, Scottish penal reformer (b. <a href="/facts/1787/I2GaPFfB">1787</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/October_31/unFJnkkY">October 31</a> – <a href="/facts/Thomas_Cochrane%2c_10th_Earl_of_Dundonald/nVKg5Nz4">Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald</a>, British admiral (b. <a href="/facts/1775/9PSgKBNU">1775</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/November_1/1tRfIDru">November 1</a> – <a href="/facts/Alexandra_Feodorovna_(Charlotte_of_Prussia)/rD3nmT1G">Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)</a>, Empress Consort of Russian Emperor <a href="/facts/Nicholas_I_of_Russia/rP0v4wXz">Nicholas I</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1798/Fk24DPDK">1798</a>)</li> <li><a href="/facts/December_2/e3FzUoxF">December 2</a> – <a href="/facts/Ferdinand_Christian_Baur/nTU8k61W">Ferdinand Christian Baur</a>, German theologian (b. <a href="/facts/1792/YszyqCQ7">1792</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/December_14/daaukgg7">December 14</a> – <a href="/facts/George_Hamilton-Gordon%2c_4th_Earl_of_Aberdeen/bmszBacE">George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen</a>, <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom/Uf40UlBb">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (b. <a href="/facts/1784/V7EehDfV">1784</a>)</li></ul> <h3>Date unknown</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Dai_Xi/SY4qB6aP">Dai Xi</a>, Chinese painter (b. <a href="/facts/1801/wINkvk08">1801</a>)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Dumézil, Georges (1996) [1966]. Archaic Roman Religion: Volume One. trans. Philip Krapp. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 320–321. ISBN 978-0-8018-5482-8. <a href="978-0-8018-5482-8" target="_blank">978-0-8018-5482-8</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Proctor, Richard A. (September 30, 1877). "Leverrier and the Discovery of Neptune". The New York Times. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1877/09/30/archives/leverrier-and-the-discovery-of-neptune-tune.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/1877/09/30/archives/leverrier-and-the-discovery-of-neptune-tune.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"SS Hungarian - 1860". On the Rocks. Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. 2007-10-05. Archived from the original on 2007-07-13. Retrieved 2021-05-18. <a href="https://novascotia.ca/museum/wrecks/wrecks/shipwrecks.asp?ID=2197" target="_blank">https://novascotia.ca/museum/wrecks/wrecks/shipwrecks.asp?ID=2197</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"José Ignacio Pavón". Presidentes.mx (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608191703/https://presidentes.mx/jose-ignacio-pavon" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190608191703/https://presidentes.mx/jose-ignacio-pavon</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Miguel Miramón". Presidentes.mx (in Spanish). Archived from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved June 8, 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608191655/https://presidentes.mx/miguel-miramon" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190608191655/https://presidentes.mx/miguel-miramon</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Niemann, Albert (1860). On a New Organic Base in the Coca Leaves ("Über eine neue organische Base in den Cocablättern", published version of Ph.D. dissertation). <a href="/wiki/On_a_New_Organic_Base_in_the_Coca_Leaves" target="_blank">/wiki/On_a_New_Organic_Base_in_the_Coca_Leaves</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Interior of Governors Palace, Algiers, Algeria". World Digital Library. 1899. Retrieved 2013-09-25. <a href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8768/" target="_blank">http://www.wdl.org/en/item/8768/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>"TAG Heuer's History". TAG Heuer. Retrieved 2020-12-07. <a href="https://www.tagheuer.com/gb/en/our-story/history.html" target="_blank">https://www.tagheuer.com/gb/en/our-story/history.html</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Morris, A.J.A. (January 2011). "Bottomley, Horatio William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31981. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31981?docPos=1" target="_blank">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/31981?docPos=1</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Edmonds, , J.; Bunton, M. (3 January 2008). "Sir Archibald Murray". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/35155.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" target="_blank">/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Duffy, Michael. "Who's Who- Gustav Bachmann". First World War.com. Retrieved August 4, 2015. <a href="http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/bachmann.htm" target="_blank">http://www.firstworldwar.com/bio/bachmann.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Arndt, Ernst Moritz" . Encyclopedia Americana. <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Arndt,_Ernst_Moritz" target="_blank">https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Arndt,_Ernst_Moritz</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Jameson, Anna Brownell". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 147. <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" target="_blank">/wiki/Public_domain</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"Sir Charles Barry | British architect". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 November 2021. <a href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Barry" target="_blank">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Barry</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>"George Montgomery White's death notice". The Wilmington Journal. Wilmington, North Carolina. July 19, 1860. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/article/wilmington-journal-george-m-white-death/92171489" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/article/wilmington-journal-george-m-white-death/92171489</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Stewart, Jon (2015). The cultural crisis of the Danish golden age: Heiberg, Martensen and Kierkegaard. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 39. ISBN 9788763542692. <a href="9788763542692" target="_blank">9788763542692</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Schopenhauer, Arthur (1999). Prize essay on the freedom of the will. Cambridge New York: Cambridge University Press. p. xi. ISBN 9780521577663. <a href="9780521577663" target="_blank">9780521577663</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Overbeck, Franz (2002). On the Christianity of Theology Translated with an Introduction and Notes. Eugene: Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 58. ISBN 9781725242128. <a href="9781725242128" target="_blank">9781725242128</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>