Angolar Creole

<h2 id="description">Description</h2>
<p>It is a Portuguese-based creole language different from other Portuguese-based creole languages in Africa. The main difference is the substrate form <a href="/facts/Kimbundu/RfbWqLhS">Kimbundu</a> and <a href="/facts/Kongo_language/JlEsHIa0">Kikongo</a> from Angola.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a>
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<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<p>In the middle of the 16th century, a <a href="/facts/Slave_ship/Vdyb5ESe">slave ship</a> from Angola sunk before the southern coast of <a href="/facts/S%25C3%25A3o_Tom%25C3%25A9_Island/aNuQ0KrL">São Tomé</a>. The surviving people aboard settled the coast as free fishermen. Their language was different from other creole language on the island. Today, between 10% and 20% of its linguistic elements are still of African origin.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>
</p><p>European Portuguese is mostly spoken in formal situations, in the media, business, education, judicial system and legislature, while Angolar and Sao Tomean Portuguese are preferred for informal situations as a <a href="/facts/Vernacular_language/DEmxDgM3">vernacular language</a> in day-to-day life and daily activities, and <a href="/facts/Code_switching/130hrwol">code switching</a> even occurs between Angolar, standard European Portuguese, and São Tomean Portuguese in informal speech.
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<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>

<ul><li>Maurer, Philippe (1995). <i>L'angolar: Un créole afro-portugais parlé à São Tomé</i> [<i>Angolar: An Afro-Portuguese creole spoken in São Tomé</i>] (in French). Hamburg: Buske.</li>
<li>Lorenzino, Gerardo (1998). <i>The Angolar Creole Portuguese of São Tomé: Its Grammar and Sociolinguistic History</i>. Munich: Lincom Europa.</li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

<i>Angolar Creole test</i> of <a href="/facts/Wikipedia/KDRNKWnc">Wikipedia</a> at Wikimedia Incubator

<ul><li><a href="https://apics-online.info/surveys/36">APiCS Online - Survey chapter: Angolar</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Lorenzino, Gerardo A. (1998). The Angolar Creole Portuguese of São Tomé : its grammar and sociolinguistic history. München: LINCOM Europa. ISBN 978-3895865459. <a href="978-3895865459" target="_blank">978-3895865459</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Christóvão, Fernando, ed. (2005). Dicionário temático da Lusofonia (1 ed.). Lissabon/Luanda/Praia/Maputo: ACLUS. p. 614. ISBN 972-47-2935-4. <a href="972-47-2935-4" target="_blank">972-47-2935-4</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Angolar Creole open-in-new

Angolar Creole