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Chiniquodon
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<h2 id="classification">Classification</h2> <p><i>Chiniquodon theotonicus</i>, the <a href="/facts/Type_species/kL03T6V4">type species</a>, is from the <a href="/facts/Santa_Maria_Formation/PfbJXUuv">Santa Maria Formation</a>, Brazil and <a href="/facts/Cha%25C3%25B1ares_Formation/yWJwWAup">Chañares Formation</a>, Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, northwestern Argentina. This species is known from a number of skulls. The <a href="/facts/Holotype/a8n9vhHa">holotype</a> is in the paleontological collection at <a href="/facts/T%25C3%25BCbingen/j0rBaILv">Tübingen</a> University, <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a>. </p><p><i>Chiniquodon kitchingi</i>, from the Santa Maria Formation of Brazil, was described in 1982 by A. M. Sá-Teixeira based on a single skull missing the lower jaw. When first described, it was assigned to the genus <i>Probelesodon</i>, but was reassigned to <i>Chiniquodon</i> in a 1995 paper by Fernando Abdala, as the type species of <i>Probelesodon</i> (<i>P. lewisi</i>) was found to be a <a href="/facts/Junior_synonym/BHLdox7E">junior synonym</a> of <i>C. theotonicus</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> A 2002 paper by Abdala and Norberto P. Giannini went even further by synonymising <i>C. kitchingi</i> with <i>C. theotonicus</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> In 2023 the type material of <i>C. kitchingi</i> was redescribed by Hoffmann <i>et al.</i>, who found it to be a valid species of <i>Chiniquodon</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p><p><i>Chiniquodon sanjuanensis</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> is from the Cancha de Bochas Member of the <a href="/facts/Ischigualasto_Formation/srj6DQB7">Ischigualasto Formation</a>, <a href="/facts/Ischigualasto-Villa_Uni%25C3%25B3n_Basin/Q7pFBFFb">Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin</a>, northwestern <a href="/facts/Argentina/aFSA5bAk">Argentina</a>. It was originally assigned to the genus <i>Probelesodon</i>, but was reassigned to <i>Chiniquodon</i> in 2002.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> It is differentiated from <i>C. theotonicus</i> because of its <a href="/facts/Teeth/Wc6IqwVf">teeth</a> and the shape of the <a href="/facts/Zygomatic_bone/on2Xkb0q">zygomatic process</a>. </p> <p><i>Chiniquodon kalanoro</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> is from the <a href="/facts/Isalo_II_Formation/zclxQngV">Isalo II Formation</a>, <a href="/facts/Madagascar/ez12IAcY">Madagascar</a>. This species is known from a <a href="/facts/Mandible/1ATEfAQa">mandible</a> (<a href="/facts/Holotype/a8n9vhHa">holotype</a> UA 10607). </p><p><i>Chiniquodon omaruruensis</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> is from the <a href="/facts/Omingonde_Formation/pFUnbRG1">Omingonde Formation</a> of Namibia. It is known from a single specimen (GSN F315), consisting of a complete skull and parts of the postcranial skeleton. </p> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Von Huene. <i>Die Fossilien Reptilien des südamerikanischen Gondwanalandes an der Zeitenwende (Denwa-Molteno-Unterkeuper = Ober-Karnisch)</i>. Ergebnisse der Sauriergrabungen in Südbrasilien 1928/29. (<i>The fossil reptiles of South American <a href="/facts/Gondwana/zqbAvsnY">Gondwana</a> during the temporal transition) (Denwa-Molteno-Upper Triassic = Upper Carnian</i>). Results of the excavations in South Brazil 1928/29, part II.) 1936. Pages 93–159.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Martinelli, A. G.; Kammerer, C. F.; Melo, T. P.; Paes Neto, V. D.; Ribeiro, A. M.; Da-Rosa, Á. A. S.; Schultz, C. L.; Soares, M. B. (2017). "The African cynodont Aleodon (Cynodontia, Probainognathia) in the Triassic of southern Brazil and its biostratigraphic significance". PLOS ONE. 12 (6): e0177948. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1277948M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177948. PMC 5470689. PMID 28614355. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5470689" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5470689</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Abdala, F.; Giannini, N. P. (2002). "Chiniquodontid cynodonts: systematic and morphometric considerations". Palaeontology. 45 (6): 1151–1170. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45.1151A. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00280. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1475-4983.00280" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1475-4983.00280</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Abdala, F.; Giannini, N. P. (2002). "Chiniquodontid cynodonts: systematic and morphometric considerations". Palaeontology. 45 (6): 1151–1170. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45.1151A. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00280. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1475-4983.00280" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1475-4983.00280</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Hoffmann, C. A.; de Andrade, M. B.; Martinelli, A. G. (2023). "Anatomy of the holotype of 'Probelesodon' kitchingi revisited, a chiniquodontid cynodont (Synapsida, Probainognathia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil". Journal of Paleontology. 97 (3): 693–710. Bibcode:2023JPal...97..693H. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.25. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Ricardo N. Martinez & Catherine A. Forster (June 1996). "The skull of Probelesodon sanjuanensis, sp. nov., from the Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 16 (2): 285–291. Bibcode:1996JVPal..16..285M. doi:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011315. <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Forster" target="_blank">/wiki/Catherine_Forster</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Abdala, F.; Giannini, N. P. (2002). "Chiniquodontid cynodonts: systematic and morphometric considerations". Palaeontology. 45 (6): 1151–1170. Bibcode:2002Palgy..45.1151A. doi:10.1111/1475-4983.00280. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1475-4983.00280" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1475-4983.00280</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Christian F. Kammerer; John J. Flynn; Lovasoa Ranivoharimanana; André R. Wyss (2010). "The first record of a probainognathian (Cynodontia: Chiniquodontidae) from the Triassic of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6): 1889–1894. Bibcode:2010JVPal..30.1889K. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.520784. S2CID 85868922. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Mocke, H. B.; Gaetano, L. C.; Abdala, F. (2020). "A new species of the carnivorous cynodont Chiniquodon (Cynodontia, Chiniquodontidae) from the Namibian Triassic". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (6): e1754231. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1754231. S2CID 220548365. <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342668045" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342668045</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>