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Nayanars
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The list of the Nayanars was initially compiled by <a href="/facts/Sundarar/LQ7PDJ87">Sundarar</a> (Sundararmurthi). In his poem <i>Tiruthonda Thogai</i> he sings, in eleven verses, the names of the Nayanar saints up to <a href="/facts/Karaikkal_Ammaiyar/DtcRo3g5">Karaikkal Ammaiyar</a>, and refers to himself as "the servant of servants".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The list did not go into the detail of the lives of the saints, which were described in detail in works such as <i><a href="/facts/Tevaram/NFTzjNIW">Tevaram</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>In the 10th century, king <a href="/facts/Raja_Raja_Chola_I/0EMw5j2g">Raja Raja Chola I</a> collected the volumes of <i><a href="/facts/Tevaram/NFTzjNIW">Tevaram</a></i> after hearing excerpts of the hymns in his court.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a>: 50 His priest <a href="/facts/Nambiyandar_Nambi/odLcv4hd">Nambiyandar Nambi</a> began compiling the hymns into a series of volumes called the <i><a href="/facts/Tirumurai/xCWAj9Cb">Tirumurai</a></i>. He arranged the hymns of three saint poets <a href="/facts/Sambandar/oBeExUdt">Sambandar</a>, <a href="/facts/Appar/wMz70nLN">Appar</a> and Sundarar as the first seven books which he called the <i>Tevaram</i>. He compiled <a href="/facts/Manikkavacakar/MCClebNP">Manikkavasakar</a>'s <i>Tirukovayar</i> and <i><a href="/facts/Tiruvasakam/PHCXunvD">Tiruvasakam</a></i> as the eighth book, the 28 hymns of nine other saints as the ninth book, the <i><a href="/facts/Tirumandiram/v7K2BgAt">Tirumandiram</a></i> of <a href="/facts/Tirumular/AUyNQv1l">Tirumular</a> and 40 hymns by 12 other poets as the tenth book. In the eleventh book, he created the <i>Tirutontanar Tiruvanthathi</i> (also known as <i>Tirutoṇṭar Antādi</i>, lit. Necklace of Verses on the Lord's Servants), which consisted of 89 verses, with a verse devoted to each of the saints. With the addition of Sundarar and his parents to the sequence, this became the canonical list of the 63 saints.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> In the 12th century, <a href="/facts/Sekkizhar/CAAzrggJ">Sekkizhar</a> added a twelfth volume to the <i>Tirumurai</i> called <i><a href="/facts/Periya_Puranam/oCPw5UsC">Periya Puranam</a></i> in which he expands further on the stories of each of 63 Nayanars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>The Nayanars were from various backgrounds, including <a href="/facts/Nadar_(caste)/0lXQsvrf">Nadar</a>, <a href="/facts/Vanniyar/FVXSLwnP">Vanniyar</a>, <a href="/facts/Vellalas/VQg4Ac2v">Vellalas</a>, <a href="/facts/Konar_(caste)/fP3wNx0H">Idayars</a>, <a href="/facts/Kurumba_(tribe)/DhDovSvx">Kurumbars</a>, <a href="/facts/Thevar/0nSEJJxk">Thevars</a>, oilmongers, <a href="/facts/Brahmin/V3qxzHAP">Brahmins</a>, <a href="/facts/Vannar/YBGmgYEL">Vannar</a>, and <a href="/facts/Dalit/Hfr6AtzY">Dalits</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Along with the twelve <a href="/facts/Vaishnava/zUBtPcla">Vaishnava</a> <a href="/facts/Alvars/zqxSrvhX">Alvars</a>, they are regarded as the important <a href="/facts/Hindu_saints/BrjKrN5R">Hindu saints</a> from <a href="/facts/South_India/XqkE3NdU">South India</a>. </p><p>Many <a href="/facts/Kannada/cooJ3trn">Kannada</a> works, such has <i>Nambiyannana Ragale</i> and <i>Tiru Nilakanta Devara Ragale</i>, are written on Nayanars by Kannada poet <a href="/facts/Harihara_(poet)/WbBPnX9L">Harihara</a>. Sundara Murthy nayanar is known as Nambiyanna in <a href="/facts/Kannada_literature/dpsRqgU6">Kannada literature</a>. </p> <h2 id="list-of-nayanars">List of Nayanars</h2> <p>Sundarar's original list of Nayanars did not follow any sequence with regards to chronology or importance. However, some groups have since followed an order for arranging their Nayanar temple images according to Sundarar's poem as well as the information from Nambi and Sekkizhar.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> List of 63 Nayanars<table><tbody><tr><th>No.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></th><th>Person</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td><a href="/facts/Sundarar/LQ7PDJ87">Sundarar</a></td><td>Born in <a href="/facts/Tamil_calendar/QMmJzNId">Aadi</a> month, <a href="/facts/Svati/jnY8hnY3">Swathi</a> <a href="/facts/Nakshatra/ECt3bFw4">nakshathiram</a></td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td><a href="/facts/Tirunilakanta_Nayanar/9Nh5EMye">Tiru Neelakanta</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td><a href="/facts/Iyarpagai_Nayanar/6urvbjo1">Iyarpagaiar</a></td><td>His name "Iyarpagai" means "Contrary to Nature"</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td><a href="/facts/Ilayankudi_Maranar/56v9I7wa">Ilayankudi Maranar</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td><a href="/facts/Meiporul_Nayanar/CfdLbj7d">Meiporul</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td><a href="/facts/Viralminda_Nayanar/rFgrqRhh">Viralminda</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td><a href="/facts/Amaraneedi_Nayanar/s8aHcfPg">Amaraneedi</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td><a href="/facts/Eripatha_Nayanar/LfbnXMaV">Eripatha</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td><a href="/facts/Yenathinathar/tEMnpxW8">Yenathinathar</a></td><td>A Brave swordsman/general in Chola Military</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td><a href="/facts/Kannappa_Nayanar/qwhHNk6o">Kannappa</a></td><td>Believed to be a reincarnation of <a href="/facts/Arjuna/ofBqRuDM">Arjuna</a></td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td><a href="/facts/Kungiliya_Kalaya_Nayanar/jyR1rqfI">Kungiliya Kalaya</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td><a href="/facts/Manakanchara_Nayanar/kWKJHfQX">Manakanchara</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td><a href="/facts/Arivattaya_Nayanar/4QThnmoh">Arivattaya</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td><a href="/facts/Anaya_Nayanar/fuprDwSh">Anaya</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td><a href="/facts/Murthi_Nayanar/5A9MzxDn">Murthiyar</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td><a href="/facts/Muruga_Nayanar/s9asbGPr">Muruga</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td><a href="/facts/Rudra_Pasupathi_Nayanar/kza68n1q">Rudra Pasupathi</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td><a href="/facts/Nandanar/1PzICEtl">Nandanar (Thirunalai Povar)</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td><a href="/facts/Tiru_Kurippu_Thonda_Nayanar/gFLfXWCx">Tiru Kurippu Thonda</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td><a href="/facts/Chandeshvara_Nayanar/PaUItDYX">Chandeshvara</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td><a href="/facts/Tirunavukkarasar/wMz70nLN">Appar (Tirunavukkarasar)</a></td><td>His efforts convinced the Pallava king, Mahendra- Varman I to take up Shaivism.</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td><a href="/facts/Kulachirai_Nayanar/rSweRRIG">Kulachirai</a></td><td>He became the Prime Minister of the Pandyan King Koon Pandiyan.</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td><a href="/facts/Perumizhalai_Kurumba_Nayanar/yImmVrl3">Perumizhalai Kurumba</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td><a href="/facts/Karaikkal_Ammaiyar/DtcRo3g5">Karaikkal Ammaiyar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Nagarathar/DxctgBGF">Nagarathar</a> Woman saint who lived in the 6th century;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> one of the three female Nayanars</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td><a href="/facts/Apputhi_Adigal/GVBncgNn">Apputhi Adigal</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td><a href="/facts/Tiruneelanakka_Nayanar/qdSA7kBh">Tiruneelanakka</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td><a href="/facts/Nami_Nandi_Adigal/VHL0sHS1">Nami Nandi Adigal</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td><a href="/facts/Sambandar/oBeExUdt">Sambandar</a></td><td>A child prodigy Saiva Saint who lived only 16 years</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td><a href="/facts/Eyarkon_Kalikkama_Nayanar/n3uGbBKw">Eyarkon Kalikama</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td><a href="/facts/Tirumular/AUyNQv1l">Tirumular</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td><a href="/facts/Dandi_Adigal_Nayanar/G5NSWqv8">Dandi Adigal</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td><a href="/facts/Murkha_Nayanar/Bf82S6C0">Murkha</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td><a href="/facts/Somasi_Mara_Nayanar/TG8gAoGw">Somasi Mara</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td><a href="/facts/Sakkiya/3NbhBhwz">Sakkiya</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td><a href="/facts/Sirappuli_Nayanar/luI0oMyS">Sirappuli</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td><a href="/facts/Siruthondar/5DwrGk6c">Siruthondar</a></td><td>Army general of the Pallava king Narasimavarman I</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td><a href="/facts/Cheraman_Perumal_Nayanar/ytssd4r1">Cheraman Perumal</a></td><td>Tentatively identified with Chera ruler <a href="/facts/Rajashekhara_(Chera_king)/P65wd3X1">Rama Rajasekhara</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a><p>Born in Aadhi month, Swathi nakshathiram</p></td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td><a href="/facts/Gananatha_Nayanar/zk3XXBrx">Gananatha</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td><a href="/facts/Kutruva_Nayanar/g1hoLIsj">Kootruva</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td><a href="/facts/Pugal_Chola/C2KovMzv">Pugal Chola</a></td><td>Chola King</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td><a href="/facts/Narasinga_Muniyaraiyar_Nayanar/23tERmGs">Narasinga Muniyaraiyar</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td><a href="/facts/Adipaththar/pvrSjyCg">Adipaththar</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td><a href="/facts/Kalikamba_Nayanar/xpecbPBQ">Kalikamba</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td><a href="/facts/Kaliya_Nayanar/hGgF55jB">Kalia</a></td><td>Born in Aadhi month, <a href="/facts/Jyeshtha_(nakshatra)/8kjdHvVx">Kettai</a> nakshathiram</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td><a href="/facts/Satti_Nayanar/nGJ40Ty5">Satti</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td><a href="/facts/Aiyadigal_Kadavarkon_Nayanar/ABxfAoV5">Aiyadigal Kadavarkon</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td><a href="/facts/Kanampulla_Nayanar/7y0juszR">Kanampulla</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td><a href="/facts/Kari_Nayanar/foms6w1b">Kari</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td><a href="/facts/Koon_Pandiyan/J4o0RHcq">Ninra Seer Nedumaara</a></td><td>Pandya King</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td><a href="/facts/Mangayarkkarasiyar/XpBkWYa4">Mangayarkkarasiyar</a></td><td>Queen and consort of <a href="/facts/Koon_Pandiyan/J4o0RHcq">Nindra Seer Nedumaran</a>; one of the three female Nayanars</td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td><a href="/facts/Vayilar/c5nLtH4h">Vayilar</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td><a href="/facts/Munaiyaduvar/BxlJbDGj">Munaiyaduvar</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td><a href="/facts/Kalarsinga_Nayanar/yraahjYE">Kazharsinga</a></td><td>Tentatively identified with Pallava king <a href="/facts/Narasimhavarman_II/TqBw6U9d">Narasimhavarman II</a> (Rajasimha)</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td><a href="/facts/Idangazhi/9dVEGDN1">Idangazhi</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td><a href="/facts/Seruthunai_Nayanar/vahJqWWF">Seruthunai</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>56</td><td><a href="/facts/Pugazh_Thunai_Nayanar/qhIFNsX5">Pugazh Thunai</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td><a href="/facts/Kotpuli/TXMA18kg">Kotpuli</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td><a href="/facts/Pusalar/QamNMb2S">Pusalar</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>59</td><td><a href="/facts/Nesa_Nayanar/XgAhCn4E">Nesa Nayanar</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Saliya/Gr66Dpqm">Saliyar</a>, weaver who donates clothes to Lord Shiva's devotees</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td><a href="/facts/Kocengannan/TmhLUVSv">Sengenar (Kochengat Chola)</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td><a href="/facts/Tiru_Nilakanta_Yazhpanar/vWlcWgMW">Tiru Nilakanta Yazhpanar</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>62</td><td><a href="/facts/Sadaiya_Nayanar/1ohUfC16">Sadaiya</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sundarar/LQ7PDJ87">Sundarar</a>'s father</td></tr><tr><td>63</td><td><a href="/facts/Isaignaniyaar/VAk6rNBV">Isaignaniyaar</a></td><td>Sundarar's mother; one of the three female Nayanars</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="other-saints">Other saints</h2> <p>The 9th-century poet <a href="/facts/Manikkavasagar/MCClebNP">Manikkavacakar</a> was not counted as one of the 63 Nayanars but his works were part of the eighth volume of the <i>Tirumurai</i>. </p><p>In <a href="/facts/Tiruchuli/ta1F2YHM">Tiruchuli</a>, the Tamil poet-philosopher <a href="/facts/Valluvar/7vbnz81g">Valluvar</a> is worshipped as the 64th Nayanar.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> Valluvar was also added as the 64 saint in the annual <a href="/facts/Thiruvalluvar_Temple%2c_Mylapore/g7PTnjSn">Mylapore</a> procession of the 63 Nayanars since c. 1905.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Manikkavacakar/MCClebNP">Manikkavacakar</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Tamil_mythology/8Vs4tC5y">Tamil mythology</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/John_E._Cort/7LeAhB4d">Cort, John E.</a> (1998). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WWfnXbVWjKcC"><i>Open Boundaries: Jain Communities and Culture in Indian History</i></a>. Albany: State University of New York Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 0-7914-3786-8.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://shaivam.org/devotees/63-nayanmarkal">"63 Nayanmarkal – History of the Great Shiva Devotees"</a>. <i>Shaivam.org</i>. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231210211019/https://shaivam.org/devotees/63-nayanmarkal/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2023.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Sekkilhar/CAAzrggJ">Sekkizhaar</a> (2000) [1985]. <a href="/facts/N._Mahalingam/ALQ1bCJc">Mahalingam, N.</a> (ed.). <a href="https://archive.org/details/periya-puranam-english-translation-vanmikanathan-g.-r.-k.-mutt-ocred/"><i>Periya Puranam: A Tamil Classic on the Great Saiva Saints of South India</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/facts/G._Vanmikanathan/CSzcbGQr">Vanmikanathan, G.</a> (Condensed English ed.). Chennai: <a href="/facts/Sri_Ramakrishna_Math%2c_Chennai/nl3MdaIy">Sri Ramakrishna Math</a> – via Internet Archive.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Sadasivan, S. N. (2000). A Social History of India. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 150–51. ISBN 81-7648-170-X. <a href="81-7648-170-X" target="_blank">81-7648-170-X</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Scarecrow Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-8108-6445-0. <a href="978-0-8108-6445-0" target="_blank">978-0-8108-6445-0</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Who Were the Nalvars? – Saivite Scriptures". Himalayan Academy. Archived from the original on 21 March 2024. Retrieved 26 June 2024. <a href="https://www.himalayanacademy.com/saivite-scriptures/who-were-the-nalvars/" target="_blank">https://www.himalayanacademy.com/saivite-scriptures/who-were-the-nalvars/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Scarecrow Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-8108-6445-0. <a href="978-0-8108-6445-0" target="_blank">978-0-8108-6445-0</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Sivananda, Swami. "Sixty-Three Nayanar Saints". The Divine Life Society Uttar Pradesh. 19. Tiru Kurippu Thonda Nayanar. Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" target="_blank">/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Mahadevan, T. M. P. (1971). Ten Saints of India (3rd ed.). Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 35. LCCN 70-924698. <a href="/wiki/T.M.P._Mahadevan" target="_blank">/wiki/T.M.P._Mahadevan</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Zvelebil, Kamil (1974). Tamil Literature. A History of Indian Literature. Vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz. p. 130. ISBN 3-447-01582-9. <a href="3-447-01582-9" target="_blank">3-447-01582-9</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Cutler, Norman (1987). Songs of Experience: The Poetics of Tamil Devotion. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-35334-3. <a href="0-253-35334-3" target="_blank">0-253-35334-3</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Zvelebil, Kamil (1974). Tamil Literature. A History of Indian Literature. Vol. 10. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz. p. 130. ISBN 3-447-01582-9. <a href="3-447-01582-9" target="_blank">3-447-01582-9</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Sadasivan, S. N. (2000). A Social History of India. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 150–51. ISBN 81-7648-170-X. <a href="81-7648-170-X" target="_blank">81-7648-170-X</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Scarecrow Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-0-8108-6445-0. <a href="978-0-8108-6445-0" target="_blank">978-0-8108-6445-0</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Sivananda, Swami. "Sixty-Three Nayanar Saints". The Divine Life Society Uttar Pradesh. 19. Tiru Kurippu Thonda Nayanar. Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" target="_blank">/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Sadasivan, S. N. (2000). A Social History of India. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. pp. 150–51. ISBN 81-7648-170-X. <a href="81-7648-170-X" target="_blank">81-7648-170-X</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Sivananda, Swami. "Sixty-Three Nayanar Saints". The Divine Life Society Uttar Pradesh. 19. Tiru Kurippu Thonda Nayanar. Archived from the original on 23 November 2019. <a href="/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati" target="_blank">/wiki/Sivananda_Saraswati</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Vanmikanathan, G. "The Sixty-Three Nayanars". Skandagurunatha.org. Archived from the original on 30 September 2019. 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