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Nacholapithecus
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<h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <p><i>Nacholapithecus</i> was initially classified as belonging in <i><a href="/facts/Kenyapithecus/KfgMVBT2">Kenyapithecus</a></i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> then attributed<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> to <i>Equatorius</i> (with <i>Equatorius</i> perhaps grouped into a subfamily Equatorinae, instead of both species in Afropithecini),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> finally recognised by Ishida <i>et al.</i> (1999) as a separate genus.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> Classified perhaps as a member of the family <a href="/facts/Proconsulidae/vqxTz64D">Proconsulidae</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="fossil-finds">Fossil finds</h2> <p><i>Nacholapithecus kerioi</i> is known from the lowest part of the Aka Aiteputh Formation, one of five formations in the Neogene System in Nachola, <a href="/facts/Samburu_District/MVRjrotL">Samburu District</a>, northern Kenya.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> The formation is largely part of the north-western rift <i>flank</i> overlying the Nachola Formation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <ul><li>Cameron, D. W. (2004). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fnqzb4_UVfkC&pg=PA101"><i>Hominid Adaptations and Extinctions</i></a>. UNSW Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780868407166.</li> <li>Henke, W.; Hardt, T. (2007). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vhoRdbTrjc8C&pg=PA1020"><i>Handbook of paleoanthropology</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-3-540-32474-4.</li> <li>Ishida, H.; Pichford, M.; Nakaya, H.; Nakano, Y. (1984). "Fossil anthropoids from Nachola and Samburu Hills, Samburu District, Kenya". <i>African Study Monographs. Supplementary Issue</i>. 2 (2): 73–85. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.14989%2F68314">10.14989/68314</a>.</li> <li>Ishida, H.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Nakatsukasa, M.; Nakano, Y. (1999). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1537%2Fase.107.189">"New hominoid genus from the Middle Miocene of Nachola, Kenya"</a>. <i>Anthropological Science</i>. 107 (2): 189–191. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1537%2Fase.107.189">10.1537/ase.107.189</a>.</li> <li>Ishida, H.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Takano, T.; Nakano, Y.; Nakatsukasa, M. (2004). "<i>Nacholapithecus</i> skeleton from the Middle Miocene of Kenya". <i>Journal of Human Evolution</i>. 46 (1): 69–103. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JHumE..46...69I">2004JHumE..46...69I</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jhevol.2003.10.001">10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.10.001</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14698685">14698685</a>.</li> <li>Ishida, H.; Tuttle, R.; Pickford, M.; Ogihara, N.; Nakatsukasa, M. (2006). Ishida, H.; Tuttle, R.; Pickford, M.; Ogihara, N.; Nakatsukasa, M. (eds.). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KfjsoDXUtUC&pg=PA74"><i>Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds</i></a>. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780387296388.</li> <li>Moyà-Solà, S.; Alba, D. M.; Almécija, S.; Casanovas-Vilar, I.; Köhler, M.; de Esteban-Trivigno, S.; Robles, J. M.; Galindo, J.; Fortuny, J. (2009). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701031">"A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade"</a>. <i>PNAS</i>. 106 (24): 9601–06. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.9601M">2009PNAS..106.9601M</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0811730106">10.1073/pnas.0811730106</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701031">2701031</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19487676">19487676</a>.</li> <li>Nakatsukasa, M.; Kunimatsu, Y. (May–June 2009). "<i>Nacholapithecus</i> and its importance for understanding hominoid evolution". <i>Evolutionary Anthropology</i>. 18 (3): 103–119. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fevan.20208">10.1002/evan.20208</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:84530387">84530387</a>.</li> <li>Russon, A. E.; Begun, D. R. (2004). Russon, A. E.; Begun, D. R. (eds.). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DvV-WJHWcTsC&pg=PA305"><i>The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Ape Intelligence</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 9780521783354.</li> <li>Sawada, Y.; Saneyoshi, M.; Nakayama, K.; Sakai, T.; Itaya, T.; Hyodo, M.; Mukokya, Y.; Pickford, M.; Senut, B.; Tanaka, S. (2006). "The Ages and Geological Backgrounds of Miocene Hominoids <i>Nacholapithecus</i>, <i>Samburupithecus</i>, and <i>Orrorin</i> from Kenya". <i>Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds</i>. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. pp. 71–96. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F0-387-29798-7_6">10.1007/0-387-29798-7_6</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-387-29638-8.</li> <li>Ward, S.; Brown, B.; Hill, A.; Kelley, J.; Downs, W. (1999). "<i>Equatorius</i>: A new hominoid genus from the middle Miocene of Kenya". <i>Science</i>. 285 (5432): 1382–1386. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.285.5432.1382">10.1126/science.285.5432.1382</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10464093">10464093</a>.</li> <li>Zalmout, I. S.; Sanders, W. J.; MacLatchy, L. M.; Gunnell, G. F.; Al-Mufarreh, Y. A.; Ali, M. A.; Nasser, A.-A. H.; Al-Masari, A. M.; Al-Sobhi, S. A.; Nadhra, A. O.; Matari, A. H.; Wilson, J. A.; Gingerich, P. D. (2010). "New Oligocene primate from Saudi Arabia and the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys". <i>Nature</i>. 466 (7304): 360–364. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.466..360Z">2010Natur.466..360Z</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature09094">10.1038/nature09094</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20631798">20631798</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205220837">205220837</a>.</li></ul> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Nacholapithecus. <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Sawada et al. 2006 - Sawada, Y.; Saneyoshi, M.; Nakayama, K.; Sakai, T.; Itaya, T.; Hyodo, M.; Mukokya, Y.; Pickford, M.; Senut, B.; Tanaka, S. (2006). "The Ages and Geological Backgrounds of Miocene Hominoids Nacholapithecus, Samburupithecus, and Orrorin from Kenya". Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. pp. 71–96. doi:10.1007/0-387-29798-7_6. ISBN 978-0-387-29638-8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F0-387-29798-7_6" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007%2F0-387-29798-7_6</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Henke & Hardt 2007, p. 1020 - Henke, W.; Hardt, T. (2007). Handbook of paleoanthropology. Springer. ISBN 978-3-540-32474-4. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vhoRdbTrjc8C&pg=PA1020" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=vhoRdbTrjc8C&pg=PA1020</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Moyà-Solà et al. 2009 - Moyà-Solà, S.; Alba, D. M.; Almécija, S.; Casanovas-Vilar, I.; Köhler, M.; de Esteban-Trivigno, S.; Robles, J. M.; Galindo, J.; Fortuny, J. (2009). "A unique Middle Miocene European hominoid and the origins of the great ape and human clade". PNAS. 106 (24): 9601–06. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.9601M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0811730106. PMC 2701031. PMID 19487676. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701031" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2701031</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Ishida et al. 1984 - Ishida, H.; Pichford, M.; Nakaya, H.; Nakano, Y. (1984). "Fossil anthropoids from Nachola and Samburu Hills, Samburu District, Kenya". African Study Monographs. Supplementary Issue. 2 (2): 73–85. doi:10.14989/68314. <a href="https://doi.org/10.14989%2F68314" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.14989%2F68314</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Ward et al. 1999 - Ward, S.; Brown, B.; Hill, A.; Kelley, J.; Downs, W. (1999). "Equatorius: A new hominoid genus from the middle Miocene of Kenya". Science. 285 (5432): 1382–1386. doi:10.1126/science.285.5432.1382. PMID 10464093. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.285.5432.1382" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.285.5432.1382</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Cameron 2004 - Cameron, D. W. (2004). Hominid Adaptations and Extinctions. UNSW Press. ISBN 9780868407166. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fnqzb4_UVfkC&pg=PA101" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=fnqzb4_UVfkC&pg=PA101</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Cameron 2004, p. 101 - Cameron, D. W. (2004). Hominid Adaptations and Extinctions. UNSW Press. ISBN 9780868407166. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fnqzb4_UVfkC&pg=PA101" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=fnqzb4_UVfkC&pg=PA101</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Ishida et al. 1999 - Ishida, H.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Nakatsukasa, M.; Nakano, Y. (1999). "New hominoid genus from the Middle Miocene of Nachola, Kenya". Anthropological Science. 107 (2): 189–191. doi:10.1537/ase.107.189. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1537%2Fase.107.189" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1537%2Fase.107.189</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Russon & Begun 2004, p. 305 - Russon, A. E.; Begun, D. R. (2004). Russon, A. E.; Begun, D. R. (eds.). The Evolution of Thought: Evolutionary Origins of Great Ape Intelligence. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521783354. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DvV-WJHWcTsC&pg=PA305" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=DvV-WJHWcTsC&pg=PA305</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Ishida et al. 2004, Abstract - Ishida, H.; Kunimatsu, Y.; Takano, T.; Nakano, Y.; Nakatsukasa, M. (2004). "Nacholapithecus skeleton from the Middle Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Human Evolution. 46 (1): 69–103. Bibcode:2004JHumE..46...69I. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2003.10.001. PMID 14698685. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JHumE..46...69I" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004JHumE..46...69I</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Zalmout et al. 2010 - Zalmout, I. S.; Sanders, W. J.; MacLatchy, L. M.; Gunnell, G. F.; Al-Mufarreh, Y. A.; Ali, M. A.; Nasser, A.-A. H.; Al-Masari, A. M.; Al-Sobhi, S. A.; Nadhra, A. O.; Matari, A. H.; Wilson, J. A.; Gingerich, P. D. (2010). "New Oligocene primate from Saudi Arabia and the divergence of apes and Old World monkeys". Nature. 466 (7304): 360–364. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..360Z. doi:10.1038/nature09094. PMID 20631798. S2CID 205220837. <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.466..360Z" target="_blank">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Natur.466..360Z</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Nakatsukasa & Kunimatsu 2009, Abstract - Nakatsukasa, M.; Kunimatsu, Y. (May–June 2009). "Nacholapithecus and its importance for understanding hominoid evolution". Evolutionary Anthropology. 18 (3): 103–119. doi:10.1002/evan.20208. S2CID 84530387. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fevan.20208" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fevan.20208</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Sawada et al. 2006 - Sawada, Y.; Saneyoshi, M.; Nakayama, K.; Sakai, T.; Itaya, T.; Hyodo, M.; Mukokya, Y.; Pickford, M.; Senut, B.; Tanaka, S. (2006). "The Ages and Geological Backgrounds of Miocene Hominoids Nacholapithecus, Samburupithecus, and Orrorin from Kenya". Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. pp. 71–96. doi:10.1007/0-387-29798-7_6. ISBN 978-0-387-29638-8. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F0-387-29798-7_6" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007%2F0-387-29798-7_6</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Ishida et al. 2006, p. 74 - Ishida, H.; Tuttle, R.; Pickford, M.; Ogihara, N.; Nakatsukasa, M. (2006). Ishida, H.; Tuttle, R.; Pickford, M.; Ogihara, N.; Nakatsukasa, M. (eds.). Human Origins and Environmental Backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. ISBN 9780387296388. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0KfjsoDXUtUC&pg=PA74" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=0KfjsoDXUtUC&pg=PA74</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>