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Coccothrinax
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<h2 id="description">Description</h2> <p><i>Coccothrinax</i> is a genus of small to medium-sized, <a href="/facts/Fan_palm/HuscIoYj">fan palms</a> with relatively slender stems<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> and 8 to 22 <a href="/facts/Palmate/GfSyEn7C">palmate</a> leaves.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The stems are initially covered by fibrous leaf sheaths. These break down into a network of fibres or spines, eventually leaving a bare trunk covered with leaf scars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The undersides of the <a href="/facts/Leaflet_(botany)/LkIdafp2">leaflets</a> are often silvery-grey;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> this is reflected in the common name "silver palm", which is given to many species of <i>Coccothrinax</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The base of the petiole is not split longitudinally. The absence of this trait is a distinguishing character that separates <i>Coccothrinax</i> from <i>Thrinax</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> </p><p><i>Coccothrinax</i> species bear branched <a href="/facts/Inflorescence/CvpNd4vS">inflorescences</a> that are located among the leaves. The <a href="/facts/Plant_sexuality/Up20kQT3">bisexual flowers</a>, which are borne on short stalks, have between 6 and 13 <a href="/facts/Stamen/MzNPVK3D">stamens</a> and a single <a href="/facts/Carpel/P5qFQMk1">carpel</a>. The fruit are small, single-seeded, and range in colour from purple-red to purple-black, to brown. The seeds are deeply grooved "and resemble a brain".<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2> <p class="note">See also: <a href="/facts/List_of_Coccothrinax_species/I1XLpLLJ">List of Coccothrinax species</a></p> <table><tbody><tr><td><table><tbody><tr><td><a href="/facts/Cryosophileae/p3Mnh7h5">Cryosophileae</a></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Trithrinax/M8YGuvut">Trithrinax</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Itaya/H2nEvas2">Itaya</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Sabinaria/doTR9TQu">Sabinaria</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Chelyocarpus/SMYWRWUn">Chelyocarpus</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Cryosophila/RH86sgo7">Cryosophila</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Schippia/bxIMr7wM">Schippia</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Thrinax/YVzFlXja">Thrinax</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Leucothrinax/JvKfbt9m">Leucothrinax</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Hemithrinax/UrP09UDn">Hemithrinax</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i><a href="/facts/Zombia/h10h9xoz">Zombia</a></i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td></td><td rowspan="2"><p><i>Coccothrinax</i></p></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td>Simplified phylogeny of the Cryosophileae based on four <a href="/facts/Nuclear_gene/rWTK0uok">nuclear genes</a> and the <i><a href="/facts/Maturase_K/ukztC11f">matK</a></i> plastid gene.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The genus <i>Coccothrinax</i> was first described by American botanist <a href="/facts/Charles_Sprague_Sargent/JQ4pEgRU">Charles Sprague Sargent</a> in 1899. He split the genus away from <i><a href="/facts/Thrinax/YVzFlXja">Thrinax</a></i> based on characteristics of the fruit and seeds. The genus was based on Sargent's description of <i>C. jucunda</i> (now <i><a href="/facts/Coccothrinax_argentata/otgdbRWR">C. argentata</a></i>) and <i>C. garberi</i> (also synonymised with <i>C. argentata</i>). He also assigned <i><a href="/facts/Coccothrinax_argentea/Xubw6zo4">Thrinax argentea</a></i> and <i><a href="/facts/Thrinax_radiata/0x4tXUuI">T. radiata</a></i> to the genus;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> while the former is now recognised as part of <i>Coccothrinax</i>, the latter remains in <i>Thrinax</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> The generic epithet combines "coccus", the Latin word for berry, with <i>Thrinax</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p><p><i>Coccothrinax</i> is the most diverse genus of Caribbean palms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> Although <a href="/facts/Andrew_Henderson_(botanist)/FbkC1HEp">Andrew Henderson</a> and colleagues only recognised fourteen species in their 1995 <i>Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas</i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> the current <i>World Checklist of Arecaceae</i> recognises 52 or 53 species.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p><i>Coccothrinax</i> is placed in the tribe <a href="/facts/Cryosophileae/p3Mnh7h5">Cryosophileae</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="distribution">Distribution</h2> <p><i>Coccothrinax</i> is a primarily Caribbean genus—it is found throughout the insular Caribbean, and in adjacent areas of <a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh">Mexico</a> and <a href="/facts/Florida/cF245A3Q">Florida</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Species are usually found in dry, open or exposed habitats, on <a href="/facts/Limestone/8ntvtFnR">limestone</a>, <a href="/facts/Serpentine_soil/1uIPh32w">serpentine</a> or <a href="/facts/Sand/MdTIt0M8">sandy</a> soils.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p><p><i><a href="/facts/Coccothrinax_argentata/otgdbRWR">Coccothrinax argentata</a></i> ranges from <a href="/facts/Florida/cF245A3Q">Florida</a> and the <a href="/facts/Florida_Keys/rx4IfHGl">Florida Keys</a>, through the <a href="/facts/Bahamas/x6VKsUhj">Bahamas</a> and <a href="/facts/San_Andr%25C3%25A9s_and_Providencia/e9XwjNV0">San Andrés Island</a> to southeastern <a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh">Mexico</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Coccothrinax_barbadensis/7zVoPULM">Coccothrinax barbadensis</a></i> ranges through the <a href="/facts/Lesser_Antilles/e3kYAgTY">Lesser Antilles</a> to <a href="/facts/Trinidad_and_Tobago/jTXQP4Fe">Trinidad and Tobago</a> and the <a href="/facts/Netherlands_Antilles/5bmWIKqe">Netherlands Antilles</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> The remaining species have narrower distributions; many are known from single populations in Cuba or Hispaniola.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="botanic-gardens">Botanic gardens</h2> <p>Large collections are grown in <a href="/facts/Fairchild_Tropical_Botanic_Garden/PnDXeXf4">Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden</a> (more than 250 plants, more than 23 species),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> in <a href="/facts/Miami%2c_Florida/L5FsgQcb">Miami, Florida</a>, Jardín Botánico Nacional (15 species)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> in <a href="/facts/Havana/Md8Krt6E">Havana</a>, <a href="/facts/Cuba/vHjTXLPW">Cuba</a>, and <a href="/facts/Palmetum_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife/dHmeu9la">Palmetum of Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a> (more than 1,000 <i>Thrinax</i> and <i>Coccothrinax</i> plants),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a> in the <a href="/facts/Canary_Islands/7lfpqymu">Canary Islands</a>, <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a>. </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li> Data related to Coccothrinax at Wikispecies</li> <li> Media related to Coccothrinax at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Moya Lopez, Celio E.; Verdecia Perez, Raul M.; García-Lahera, Julio P.; Martínez-Pentón, Lester R. (2017). "The Coccothrinax "azul" from Sancti Spiritus, Cuba". Palms. 61: 83–90. <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden – Coccothrinax Archived 2006-08-14 at the Wayback Machine – URL retrieved June 24, 2006 <a href="http://www.fairchildgarden.org/palmguide/genus.php?family=arecaceae&genus=Coccothrinax" target="_blank">http://www.fairchildgarden.org/palmguide/genus.php?family=arecaceae&genus=Coccothrinax</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Morici, Carlo. 2002. Coccothrinax boschiana. Palms 41:1. "Coccothrinax boschiana". Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2006-12-12. – URL retrieved June 24, 2006 <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061213212038/http://www.palms.org/palmsjournal/2002/boschiana.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20061213212038/http://www.palms.org/palmsjournal/2002/boschiana.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>ePalmetum: Species in the genus Coccothrinax Archived 2006-09-03 at the Wayback Machine – URL retrieved June 24, 2006 <a href="http://www.epalmetum.com/presentacion/especies.php?genero=Coccothrinax" target="_blank">http://www.epalmetum.com/presentacion/especies.php?genero=Coccothrinax</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society. pp. 179–80. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Henderson, Andrew; Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1. <a href="978-0-691-08537-1" target="_blank">978-0-691-08537-1</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society. pp. 179–80. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Henderson, Andrew; Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1. <a href="978-0-691-08537-1" target="_blank">978-0-691-08537-1</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society. pp. 179–80. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Henderson, Andrew; Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1. <a href="978-0-691-08537-1" target="_blank">978-0-691-08537-1</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Henderson, Andrew; Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1. <a href="978-0-691-08537-1" target="_blank">978-0-691-08537-1</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Cano, Ángela; Bacon, Christine D.; Stauffer, Fred W.; Antonelli, Alexandre; Serrano-Serrano, Martha L.; Perret, Mathieu (2018). "The roles of dispersal and mass extinction in shaping palm diversity across the Caribbean". Journal of Biogeography. 45 (6): 1432–1443. Bibcode:2018JBiog..45.1432C. doi:10.1111/jbi.13225. ISSN 1365-2699. S2CID 90347155. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Sargent, Charles Sprague (1899). "New or Little Known North American Trees". Botanical Gazette. 27 (2): 81–94. doi:10.1086/327795. JSTOR 2465176. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Sprague_Sargent" target="_blank">/wiki/Charles_Sprague_Sargent</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Roncal, Julissa; Scott Zona; Carl E. Lewis (2008). "Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Caribbean Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Relationships to Biogeography and Conservation". Botanical Review. 74 (1): 78–102. Bibcode:2008BotRv..74...78R. doi:10.1007/s12229-008-9005-9. S2CID 40119059. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Henderson, Andrew; Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1. <a href="978-0-691-08537-1" target="_blank">978-0-691-08537-1</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Roncal, Julissa; Scott Zona; Carl E. Lewis (2008). "Molecular Phylogenetic Studies of Caribbean Palms (Arecaceae) and Their Relationships to Biogeography and Conservation". Botanical Review. 74 (1): 78–102. Bibcode:2008BotRv..74...78R. doi:10.1007/s12229-008-9005-9. S2CID 40119059. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Henderson, Andrew; Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1. <a href="978-0-691-08537-1" target="_blank">978-0-691-08537-1</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>Govaerts, R.; J. Henderson; S.F. Zona; D.R. Hodel; A. Henderson (2006). "World Checklist of Arecaceae". The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 2007-02-21. Retrieved 2009-06-13. <a href="/wiki/Rafa%C3%ABl_Govaerts" target="_blank">/wiki/Rafa%C3%ABl_Govaerts</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Dransfield, John; Natalie W. Uhl; Conny B. Asmussen; William J. Baker; Madeline M. Harley; Carl E. Lewis (2005). "A New Phylogenetic Classification of the Palm Family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin. 60 (4): 559–69. JSTOR 25070242. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:20"><p>Henderson, Andrew; Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1. <a href="978-0-691-08537-1" target="_blank">978-0-691-08537-1</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:21"><p>Uhl, Natalie E.; John Dransfield (1987). Genera Palmarum: a classification of palms based on the work of Harold E. Moore Jr. Lawrence, Kansas: The L. H. Bailey Hortorium and the International Palm Society. pp. 179–80. <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:22"><p>Henderson, Andrew; Galeano, Gloria; Bernal, Rodrigo (1995). Field Guide to the Palms of the Americas. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. 45–50. ISBN 978-0-691-08537-1. <a href="978-0-691-08537-1" target="_blank">978-0-691-08537-1</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:23"><p>"Coccothrinax argentata". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2009-06-13. <a href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=44377&repSynonym_id=146375&name_id=44377&status=true" target="_blank">http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=44377&repSynonym_id=146375&name_id=44377&status=true</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:24"><p>"Coccothrinax barbadensis". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2009-06-13. <a href="http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=44384&repSynonym_id=203950&name_id=44384&status=true" target="_blank">http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?accepted_id=44384&repSynonym_id=203950&name_id=44384&status=true</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:25"><p>Morici, Carlo; Raúl Verdecia Pérez (2006). "Coccothrinax torrida (Arecaceae), a new species from southeastern Cuba". Brittonia. 58 (2): 189–93. doi:10.1663/0007-196X(2006)58[189:CTAANS]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 21449854. <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Morici" target="_blank">/wiki/Carlo_Morici</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:26"><p>"Fairchild Guide to Palms". Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden. 2007-02-12. Archived from the original on 2007-02-12. Retrieved 2018-08-09. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212042107/http://www.palmguide.org/index.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070212042107/http://www.palmguide.org/index.php</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:27"><p>"Jardin Botanico Nacional de Cuba". Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 2019-05-05. <a href="https://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=1371" target="_blank">https://www.bgci.org/garden.php?id=1371</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:28"><p>"The Palmetum of Santa Cruz de Tenerife". International Palm Society. 2007-04-12. Archived from the original on 2007-04-12. Retrieved 2018-08-09. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070412042612/http://www.palms.org/palmsjournal/2001/palmetum.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070412042612/http://www.palms.org/palmsjournal/2001/palmetum.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>