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.NET Remoting
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<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2> <p>.NET Remoting allows an application to make an <a href="/facts/Object-oriented_programming/TxNMEcao">object</a> (termed <i>remotable object</i>) available across <i>remoting boundaries</i>, which includes different <a href="/facts/Application_domain/88syHf1n">appdomains</a>, <a href="/facts/Process_(computing)/Vcq7EnUV">processes</a> or even different computers connected by a network.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> The .NET Remoting runtime hosts the listener for requests to the object in the <a href="/facts/Application_domain/88syHf1n">appdomain</a> of the server application. On the client end, any requests to the remotable object are proxied by the .NET Remoting runtime over Channel objects, that encapsulate the actual transport mode, including <a href="/facts/Transmission_Control_Protocol/WW4sPrt9">TCP</a> streams, <a href="/facts/HTTP/TWtvf7JD">HTTP</a> streams and <a href="/facts/Named_pipe/g78xY9lC">named pipes</a>. As a result, by instantiating proper Channel objects, a .NET Remoting application can be made to support different communication protocols without recompiling the application. The runtime itself manages the act of <a href="/facts/Serialization/T00auFvv">serialization</a> and <a href="/facts/Marshalling_(computer_science)/NhcdrmhR">marshalling</a> of objects across the client and server appdomains.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> </p><p>.NET Remoting makes a reference of a remotable object available to a client application, which then instantiates and uses a remotable object as if it were a local object.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> However, the actual code execution happens at the server-side. A remotable object is identified by <i>Activation <a href="/facts/Uniform_Resource_Locator/pPD5g7Wq">URLs</a></i> and are instantiated by a connection to the URL.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> A listener for the object is created by the remoting runtime when the server registers the channel that is used to connect to the remotable object. At the client side, the remoting infrastructure creates a proxy that stands-in as a pseudo-instantiation of the remotable object. It does not implement the functionality of the remotable object, but presents a similar interface. As such, the remoting infrastructure needs to know the public interface of the remotable object beforehand. Any method calls made against the object, including the identity of the method and any parameters passed, are <a href="/facts/Serial_communication/r5xP7P1c">serialized</a> to a byte stream and transferred over a communication protocol-dependent Channel to a recipient proxy object at the server side ("<a href="/facts/Marshalling_(computer_science)/NhcdrmhR">marshalled</a>"), by writing to the Channel's transport sink.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> At the server side, the proxy reads the stream off the sink and makes the call to the remotable object on the behalf of the client. The results are serialized and transferred over the sink to the client, where the proxy reads the result and hands it over to the calling application.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> If the remotable object needs to make a callback to a client object for some services, the client application must mark it as remotable and have a remoting runtime host a listener for it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> The server can connect to it over a different Channel, or over the already existent one if the underlying connection supports bidirectional communication.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> A channel can be composed of a number of different Channel objects, possibly with different heterogeneous transports. Thus, remoting can also work across systems separated by an interconnection of heterogeneous networks, including the Internet.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Type_safety/WxmEKq8R">Type safety</a> is enforced by the <a href="/facts/Common_Type_System/CrFXeVHB">CTS</a> and the .NET Remoting runtime. Remote method calls are inherently synchronous; asynchronous calls can be implemented using threading libraries. Authentication and access control can be implemented for clients by either using custom Channels or by hosting the remotable objects in <a href="/facts/Internet_Information_Services/nqmfJr3T">IIS</a> and then using the IIS authentication system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <i>.NET Development Foundation</i> <ul><li><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/dotnet/netframework-1.1/kwdt6w2k(v=vs.71)">Official website</a></li> <li><a href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/wcf/migrating-from-net-remoting-to-wcf">Migrating from .NET Remoting to WCF</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Software Technology Roadmap (2001). "Component Object Model and Related Capabilities". Carnegie-Mellon Software Engineering Institute. Archived from the original on 2008-05-15. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515233825/http://www.sei.cmu.edu/str/descriptions/com_body.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080515233825/http://www.sei.cmu.edu/str/descriptions/com_body.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>McLean, Scott; Naftel, James; Kim, Williams (2002). Microsoft .NET Remoting. Microsoft Press. ISBN 9780585476445. <a href="9780585476445" target="_blank">9780585476445</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Rammer, Ingo; Szpuszta, Mario (2005). Advanced .NET Remoting. Apress. ISBN 9781590594179. <a href="9781590594179" target="_blank">9781590594179</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>".NET Remoting Overview". Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/kwdt6w2k(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/kwdt6w2k(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>".NET Remoting Overview". Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/kwdt6w2k(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/kwdt6w2k(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>".NET Remoting Overview". Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/kwdt6w2k(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/kwdt6w2k(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>".NET Remoting Architecture". Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>".NET Remoting Architecture". Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>".NET Remoting Architecture". Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>".NET Remoting Architecture". Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>".NET Remoting Architecture". Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>".NET Remoting Architecture". Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2e7z38xb(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Security". MSDN. 12 October 2006. Retrieved 2007-10-23. <a href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa720577(VS.71).aspx" target="_blank">http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa720577(VS.71).aspx</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>