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Kubuntu
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<h2 id="name">Name</h2> <p>"Kubuntu" is a registered trademark held by Canonical.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> It is derived from the name <i>Ubuntu</i>, prefixing a <i>K</i> to represent the KDE platform that Kubuntu is built upon (following a widespread naming convention of prefixing <i>K</i> to the name of any software released for use on KDE platforms), as well as the KDE community. </p><p><i><a href="/facts/Ubuntu_philosophy/KbwTm9Dv">Ubuntu</a></i> is a <a href="/facts/Bantu_languages/6xKvpQ1a">Bantu</a> term translating roughly to 'humanity'. Since Bantu grammar involves prefixes to form <a href="/facts/Noun_classes/x2BzW8YT">noun classes</a>, and the prefix <i>ku-</i> has the meaning 'toward' in <a href="/facts/Bemba_language/d4bKwB4F">Bemba</a>, <i>kubuntu</i> is therefore also a meaningful Bemba word or phrase translating to 'toward humanity'. Reportedly, the same word, by coincidence, also takes the meaning of 'free' (in the sense of '<a href="/facts/Gratis_versus_libre/YDd7Hjzm">without payment</a>') in <a href="/facts/Kirundi/9cPqf0oQ">Kirundi</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="comparison-with-ubuntu">Comparison with Ubuntu</h2> <p>Kubuntu typically differs from Ubuntu in graphical applications and tools: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Software</th><th>Ubuntu</th><th>Kubuntu</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kernel_(operating_system)/uEj4U3Rz">Kernel</a> and core</td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">Linux kernel</a> and <a href="/facts/Ubuntu/0WDd7hkb">Ubuntu</a> core</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Display_server/nKYmkjP6">Display server</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/X.Org_Server/7AaPmYtV">X.Org Server</a> and <a href="/facts/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)/I9I1TbEG">Wayland</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sound_server/SbTFARMx">Sound server</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/PipeWire/Wf4ygudF">PipeWire</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Multimedia/PtJteq27">Multimedia</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNOME_Videos/wADQYQrS">GNOME Videos</a> and <a href="/facts/Rhythmbox/3o84ECIp">Rhythmbox</a></td><td><a href="/facts/VLC_media_player/aNurLBXb">VLC</a> and Elisa</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Window_manager/WFRnDBz7">Window manager</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Mutter_(software)/tJDFAYM3">Mutter</a></td><td><a href="/facts/KWin/Pkqdt6G8">KWin</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Desktop_environment/VXBpMWnG">Desktop Environment</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GNOME/EFMNBmpR">GNOME</a></td><td><a href="/facts/KDE_Plasma_5/ao7x6z7s">Plasma Desktop</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Widget_toolkit/v8wM8wwy">Primary toolkit</a></td><td><a href="/facts/GTK/oLpVm9pp">GTK</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Qt_(framework)/gVhwlQnJ">Qt</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Web_browser/2pfyymLs">Browser</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Firefox/xez2zv8H">Firefox</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Office_suite/WcKtjN6j">Office suite</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/LibreOffice/MInj5kF7">LibreOffice</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Email_client/pQdW9HtC">Email and PIM</a></td><td colspan="2"><a href="/facts/Thunderbird_(software)/20lnTsYS">Thunderbird</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Development started back in December 2004 at the Ubuntu Mataró Conference in <a href="/facts/Matar%25C3%25B3/zFk4mMzx">Mataró</a>, <a href="/facts/Spain/bIyrB8EY">Spain</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> when a Canonical employee Andreas Mueller, from Gnoppix, had the idea to make an Ubuntu KDE variant and got the approval from <a href="/facts/Mark_Shuttleworth/cgJ218ec">Mark Shuttleworth</a> to start the first Ubuntu variant, called Kubuntu. On the same evening Chris Halls from the <a href="/facts/OpenOffice.org/561WcNgg">OpenOffice.org</a> project and Jonathan Riddell from KDE started volunteering on the newborn project. </p><p>Shortly after Ubuntu was started, <a href="/facts/Mark_Shuttleworth/cgJ218ec">Mark Shuttleworth</a> stated in an interview that he recognized the need for the KDE-based distribution in order to maintain diversity in Linux distributions, which in his belief aligns with Ubuntu project's overall purpose of increasing the adoption of free software.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/K_Desktop_Environment_3/lnDp8vs2">K Desktop Environment 3</a> was used as default interface until Kubuntu 8.04. That version included <a href="/facts/KDE_Plasma_Desktop/ao7x6z7s">KDE Plasma Desktop</a> as unsupported option which became default in the subsequent release, 8.10.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p><p>On February 6, 2012 (2012-02-06), Canonical employee Jonathan Riddell announced the end of Canonical's Kubuntu sponsorship.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> On April 10, 2012 (2012-04-10), <a href="/facts/Blue_Systems/PTGGJe6P">Blue Systems</a> was announced on the Kubuntu website as the new sponsor.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> As a result, both developers employed by Canonical to work on Kubuntu–Jonathan Riddell and Aurélien Gâteau–transferred to Blue Systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>Since 2019, Kubuntu has partnered with MindShare Inc. to offer "Kubuntu Focus" laptops and mini-PCs optimized and supported specifically for the LTS releases.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="releases">Releases</h2> <p>Kubuntu follows the same naming/versioning system as Ubuntu, with each release having a code name and a version number (based on the year and month of release). Canonical provides support and security updates for Kubuntu components that are shared with Ubuntu for 18 months – five years in case of <a href="/facts/Long-term_support/0b0L8MKh">long-term support</a> (LTS) versions – after release.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Both a <a href="/facts/Live_CD/J4bpHUs1">desktop</a> version and an alternative (installation) version (for the <a href="/facts/X86/Kypq5fgu">x86</a> and <a href="/facts/AMD64/cyWvUFlP">AMD64</a> platforms) are available. Kubuntu CDs were also available through the ShipIt service (which was discontinued as of April 2011).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Version</th><th>Release date</th><th>Code name</th><th>Supported until<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a></th><th><a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">Linux kernel</a></th><th>KDE Plasma</th><th>Qt</th><th>Notes</th></tr><tr><td><a href="http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/kubuntu/5.04/">5.04</a></td><td>2005-04-08<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></td><td>Hoary Hedgehog</td><td>2006-10-31</td><td>2.6.10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="20">—</td><td>Initial release including KDE 3.4 and a selection of the most useful KDE programs. Some of these are not in the official KDE itself, including <a href="/facts/Amarok_(software)/yWua2HV8">Amarok</a>, <a href="/facts/Kaffeine/dcs5K1Q8">Kaffeine</a>, <a href="/facts/Gwenview/z3dkP4sJ">Gwenview</a>, and <a href="/facts/K3b/lK8XU3KU">K3b</a>. Inclusion of update-manager/upgrade-notifier; Kickstart compatibility.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/kubuntu/5.10/">5.10</a></td><td>2005-10-13<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></td><td>Breezy Badger</td><td>2007-04-13</td><td>2.6.12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></td><td>KDE 3.4.3 and the Guidance configuration tools. It also comes with the Adept Package Manager, the first to make use of debtags for easier searching (replacing the <a href="/facts/Kynaptic/3QdFfJxw">Kynaptic</a> package manager used in the previous release); System Settings, a re-organised kcontrol-like centre and KDE <a href="/facts/Bluetooth/sWAjpMrj">Bluetooth</a>; Graphical boot process with <a href="/facts/Progress_bar/oG2cUxlq">progress bar</a> (<a href="/facts/Usplash/yTm0nogm">Usplash</a>); <a href="/facts/OEM/hmUhIWaS">OEM</a> Installer Support; Launchpad tracking; <a href="/facts/GNU_Compiler_Collection/t07jh01k">GCC</a> 4.0.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/6.06.1/">6.06 LTS</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081224153845/http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/6.06.1">Archived</a> 24 December 2008 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></td><td>2006-06-01<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></td><td>Dapper Drake</td><td>2009-06</td><td>2.6.15<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></td><td>Long Term Support (LTS) release; Live CD and Installer on one disc; <a href="/facts/Ubiquity_installer/8q23Lsy1">Ubiquity installer</a>; Adept Notifier and Simplified Installer; X Display Configuration from Guidance; Better <a href="/facts/Asian_language/U0cLhVsf">Asian language</a> support; <a href="/facts/Avahi_(software)/gYEFgKA8">Avahi</a> networking software.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/kubuntu/6.10/">6.10</a></td><td>2006-10-26<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></td><td>Edgy Eft</td><td>2008-04</td><td>2.6.17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></td><td>KDE 3.5.5. This release adds the photo management application <a href="/facts/DigiKam/kdIFMvXz">digiKam</a> and accessibility profiles–benefiting people with disabilities. System Settings is also redesigned, and power management, laptop button support & networking are improved. Also features automated problem reports and <a href="/facts/Upstart_(software)/Kt2ozI2a">Upstart</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/7.04/">7.04</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081004220926/http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/7.04">Archived</a> 4 October 2008 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></td><td>2007-04-19<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></td><td>Feisty Fawn</td><td>2008-10</td><td>2.6.20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></td><td>KDE 3.5.6; Migration assistant; <a href="/facts/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine/d6eSuTuK">KVM</a>; Easy <a href="/facts/Codec/C7b7Am8t">codec</a>/restricted drivers installation; System Settings restructured into General and Advanced categories; Improved <a href="/facts/Hewlett-Packard/abuNSYNu">Hewlett-Packard</a> printer management; K<a href="/facts/NetworkManager/FgD5xFP5">NetworkManager</a> included; <a href="/facts/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access/a6XvwpFK">WPA</a> support; Topic-based help system; OEM installer update; <a href="/facts/PowerPC/DqmM9y50">PowerPC</a> support officially dropped.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/7.10/">7.10</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229022504/http://releases.ubuntu.com/kubuntu/7.10">Archived</a> 29 December 2008 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></td><td>2007-10-18<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></td><td>Gutsy Gibbon</td><td>2009-04-18</td><td>2.6.22<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></td><td>New background art. Ships with <a href="/facts/Strigi/yzeKCsS5">Strigi</a> and <a href="/facts/Dolphin_(file_manager)/dlFn7brb">Dolphin</a> by default. <a href="/facts/Qt_(toolkit)/gVhwlQnJ">Qt</a> port of <a href="/facts/GDebi/cBd93qfJ">GDebi</a> graphical installer for <a href="/facts/Deb_(file_format)/tTvVkqty">package files</a>. Includes Restricted Drivers Manager for the first time.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> New kubuntu-restricted-extras package is available for download from the repositories.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/hardy/">8.04&</a></td><td>2008-04-24<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a></td><td>Hardy Heron</td><td>2009-10</td><td>2.6.24<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></td><td>It has two versions: KDE 3.5 and <a href="/facts/KDE_4.0/9TPn03R8">KDE 4.0</a> (With community support only). This version intends to provide feature parity with GNOME-based Ubuntu.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> This includes a port of system-config-printer to <a href="/facts/Qt_(toolkit)/gVhwlQnJ">Qt</a> to enable printer auto-detection, easy <a href="/facts/Video_codec/psfSuqg7">video codec</a> installation in <a href="/facts/Kaffeine/dcs5K1Q8">Kaffeine</a>, a simple <a href="/facts/Compiz/lkBxCaUx">Compiz</a> setup tool and inclusion of Bulletproof X in <a href="/facts/KDE_Display_Manager/cbQXcoQl">KDM</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a> and automatic grabbing and releasing of the <a href="/facts/Mouse_cursor/bGhgwPSq">mouse cursor</a> when running on a <a href="/facts/VMware/lKHGULx3">VMware</a> <a href="/facts/Virtual_machine/BLevU3sx">virtual machine</a>. Unlike its Ubuntu counterpart, which is a <a href="/facts/Long-term_support/0b0L8MKh">long-term support</a> release, Kubuntu 8.04 is not.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150703152517/http://www.kubuntu.org/news/8.10-release">8.10</a></td><td>2008-10-30</td><td>Intrepid Ibex<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></td><td>2010-04-30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></td><td>2.6.27<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a></td><td>KDE 4.1.2 desktop environment by default, <a href="/facts/Linux_(kernel)/dlkduHuA">Linux</a> 2.6.27, <a href="/facts/X.Org_Server/7AaPmYtV">Xserver</a> 1.5, Adept Manager 3, KNetworkManager 0.7, KWin desktop effects by default, various Kubuntu tool integration.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.kubuntu.org/news/9.04-release">9.04</a></td><td>2009-04-23</td><td>Jaunty Jackalope</td><td>2010-10</td><td>2.6.28<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></td><td>KDE 4.2.2 desktop environment by default, <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">kernel</a> 2.6.28, <a href="/facts/X.Org_Server/7AaPmYtV">Xserver</a> 1.6, Adept superseded by <a href="/facts/KPackageKit/F8XGNJv0">KPackageKit</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a> implementation of the <a href="/facts/Ext4/zFbQRpsh">ext4</a> filesystem, faster boot time,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> addition of community-supported PowerPC images<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.kubuntu.org/news/9.10-release">9.10</a></td><td>2009-10-30<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></td><td>Karmic Koala</td><td>2011-04-28</td><td>2.6.31<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a></td><td>KDE 4.3.2 desktop environment by default, <a href="/facts/GNU_GRUB/pbwqDCh1">GRUB</a> 2, <a href="/facts/Init/0NuCuc1g">init</a> system moved to <a href="/facts/Upstart_(software)/Kt2ozI2a">Upstart</a>, <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">kernel</a> 2.6.31</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150611195241/http://www.kubuntu.org/news/10.04-lts-release">10.04 LTS</a></td><td>2010-04-29</td><td>Lucid Lynx</td><td>2013-05-09</td><td>2.6.32<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></td><td>Long Term Support (LTS) release. Security updates will be available for three years for desktops and five years for servers. KDE 4.4.2 desktop environment by default, <a href="/facts/Linux_kernel/dlkduHuA">kernel</a> 2.6.32, KPackageKit 0.5.4, Firefox KDE integration, <a href="/facts/Touchpad/5BptytYa">touchpad</a> configuration module by default.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101012060426/http://www.kubuntu.org/news/10.10-release">10.10</a></td><td>2010-10-10<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a></td><td>Maverick Meerkat</td><td>2012-04</td><td>2.6.35<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a></td><td><a href="/facts/KDE_Software_Compilation_4/9TPn03R8">KDE Software Compilation 4</a>.5. Faster login. Default browser changed to rekonq. New <a href="/facts/Bluetooth_stack/MFzmTcos">Bluetooth stack</a>. PulseAudio inclusion. Updated KPackageKit with categories. Global menu for <a href="/facts/Netbook/aExm3tmc">netbook</a>. Updated Installer. Combining of the Desktop and Netbook Editions (autodetection).</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140715063919/http://www.kubuntu.org/news/11.04-release">11.04</a></td><td>2011-04-28<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></td><td>Natty Narwhal</td><td>2012-10-28</td><td>2.6.38</td><td>KDE SC 4.6, GStreamer multimedia backend for <a href="/facts/Phonon_(software)/HCaBxwFj">Phonon</a>, GTK Oxygen theme, games in the default install, UDisks and <a href="/facts/UPower/BTHcrpVn">UPower</a> replace <a href="/facts/HAL_(software)/GkBMPdPL">HAL</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140421213801/http://www.kubuntu.org/news/11.10-release">11.10</a></td><td>2011-10-12<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a></td><td>Oneiric Ocelot</td><td>2013-05-09</td><td>3.0.3</td><td>KDE SC 4.7, replacing KPackageKit with Muon Software Centre, Kubuntu low fat setting, <a href="/facts/OpenGL_ES/DRkjxUFb">OpenGL ES</a> Powered Desktop Effects, KDE-PIM 4.7.2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140513073904/http://www.kubuntu.org/news/12.04-release">12.04 LTS</a></td><td>2012-04-25<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a></td><td>Precise Pangolin</td><td>2017-04-28</td><td>3.2.0</td><td>The third Kubuntu LTS release. KDE SC 4.8</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021100632/http://www.kubuntu.org/news/12.10-release">12.10</a></td><td>2012-10-18<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a></td><td>Quantal Quetzal</td><td>2014-04</td><td>3.5.5<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a></td><td>LibreOffice 3.6.2.2, rekonq 1.1, KDE SC 4.9.2</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-13-04/">13.04</a><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130804091158/http://www.kubuntu.org/news/13.04-release">Archived</a> 4 August 2013 at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></td><td>2013-04-25<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a></td><td>Raring Ringtail</td><td>2014-01<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a></td><td>3.8.0<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a></td><td>KDE SC 4.10, Muon Suite 2, LibreOffice 4, Optional Homerun launcher, out-of-the-box MTP support</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-13.10">13.10</a></td><td>2013-10-17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a></td><td>Saucy Salamander</td><td>2014-07-17</td><td>3.11<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a></td><td>KDE SC 4.11.2, LibreOffice 4.1.2 rc3</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-14-04-lts">14.04 LTS</a></td><td>2014-04-17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a></td><td>Trusty Tahr</td><td>2019-04-25<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a></td><td>3.13<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a></td><td>KDE SC 4.13.0, LibreOffice 4.2.3.3. Default browser changed back to Firefox.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-14.10">14.10</a></td><td>2014-10-23<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a></td><td>Utopic Unicorn</td><td>2015-07-23</td><td>3.16<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a></td><td>KDE SC 4.14, KDE Plasma 5 as <a href="/facts/Technical_preview/z4Q4RElA">technical preview</a>.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-15.04">15.04</a></td><td>2015-04-23<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a></td><td>Vivid Vervet</td><td>2015-12</td><td>3.19</td><td>5.2.2</td><td rowspan="8">—</td><td>KDE Plasma 5.2.2 is now the default desktop environment. Adaptation to systemd and to <a href="/facts/SDDM/mThPp8Ps">SDDM</a>. Behind-the-scenes work on the change to Wayland.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-15-10/">15.10</a></td><td>2015-10-22<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a></td><td>Wily Werewolf</td><td>2016-07-22</td><td>4.2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a></td><td>5.4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a></td><td>Firefox 41.0, LibreOffice 5.0.</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-16-04-lts-release-anouncement/">16.04 LTS</a></td><td>2016-04-21<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></td><td>Xenial Xerus</td><td>2019-04-21<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a></td><td>4.4<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></td><td>5.5.5<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></td><td>Firefox 45, LibreOffice 5.1</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-16-10-released/">16.10</a></td><td>2016-10-13<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a></td><td>Yakkety Yak</td><td>2017-07-20</td><td>4.8</td><td>5.7.5</td><td><a href="/facts/KDE_Applications/PW6RokRK">KDE Applications</a> 16.04.3, <a href="/facts/KDE_Frameworks/fuAzewMT">KDE Frameworks</a> 5.26.0, LibreOffice 5.2, Firefox 49</td></tr><tr><td><a href="http://www.kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-17-04-released/">17.04</a></td><td>2017-04-13<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></td><td>Zesty Zapus</td><td>2018-01-11</td><td>4.10</td><td>5.9</td><td>KDE Applications 16.12.3, KDE Frameworks 5.31, LibreOffice 5.3, Firefox 52</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-17-10-artful-aardvark-is-released/">17.10</a></td><td>2017-10-19<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></td><td>Artful Aardvark</td><td>2018-07-19</td><td>4.13</td><td>5.10</td><td>KDE Applications 17.04.3, KDE Frameworks 5.38, LibreOffice 5.4.1, Firefox 56, <a href="/facts/Cantata_(software)/Ln42daLg">Cantata</a> replaces <a href="/facts/Amarok_(software)/yWua2HV8">Amarok</a> as <a href="/facts/Audio_player_(software)/AwtCuWfG">audio player</a>, <a href="/facts/VLC_media_player/aNurLBXb">VLC media player</a> replaces <a href="/facts/Dragon_Player/tb5tIcEK">Dragon Player</a> as media player</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-18-04-has-been-released/">18.04 LTS</a></td><td>2018-04-26<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></td><td>Bionic Beaver</td><td>2021-05-01<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a></td><td>4.15</td><td>5.12 LTS</td><td>LibreOffice 6.0 and Firefox 59; <a href="/facts/Double-click/6nqvjS1b">double-click</a> is now default to open files; file indexing default changed to "basic" only (not file content).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-18-10-is-released-today/">18.10</a></td><td>2018-10-18<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a></td><td>Cosmic Cuttlefish</td><td>2019-07-18<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a></td><td>4.18</td><td>5.13</td><td>KDE Applications 18.04.3, KDE Frameworks 5.50, LibreOffice 6.1.2, Firefox 63; snap integration by default in software centre, Plasma Wayland session-can be installed for testing (but is not supported), <a href="/facts/Fingerprint_scanner/QMbc8az1">fingerprint scanner</a> support, only available in <a href="/facts/64-bit/AgvkQHkM">64-bit</a> <a href="/facts/ISO_image/LrE8odYa">ISO images</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-19-04-is-released-today/">19.04</a></td><td>2019-04-18<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a></td><td>Disco Dingo<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a></td><td>2020-01-23<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a></td><td>5.0</td><td>5.15.4</td><td>5.12.2</td><td>KDE Applications 18.12.3, KDE Frameworks 5.56, LibreOffice 6.2.2, Firefox 66, <a href="/facts/KDE_Connect/M4rG5sX8">KDE Connect</a> 1.3.4, <a href="/facts/KDevelop/CFUunpL9">KDevelop</a> 5.3.2, <a href="/facts/Krita/VuMXYuxD">Krita</a> 4.1.7, Latte Dock 0.8.8<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-19-10-is-released-today/">19.10</a></td><td>2019-10-17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a></td><td>Eoan Ermine</td><td>2020-07-17<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a></td><td>5.3</td><td>5.16.5</td><td>5.12.4</td><td>KDE Applications 19.04.3, KDE Frameworks 5.62, LibreOffice 6.3, Firefox 69</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-20-04-lts-has-been-released/">20.04 LTS</a></td><td>2020-04-23<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a></td><td>Focal Fossa</td><td>2023-04-29</td><td>5.4</td><td>5.18 LTS</td><td>5.12.8</td><td>KDE Frameworks 5.68.0, LibreOffice 6.4.2.2, Firefox 75</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-20-10-groovy-gorilla-released/">20.10</a></td><td>2020-10-22</td><td>Groovy Gorilla</td><td>2021-07-22<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a></td><td>5.8</td><td>5.19.5</td><td>5.14.2</td><td>KDE Frameworks 5.74.0, LibreOffice 7.0.2, Firefox 82</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-21-04-hirsute-hippo-released/">21.04</a></td><td>2021-04-22<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a></td><td>Hirsute Hippo</td><td>2022-01-20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a></td><td>5.11</td><td>5.21</td><td>5.15.2</td><td>KDE Frameworks 5.80, LibreOffice 7.1, Firefox 87</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-21-10-impish-indri-released/">21.10</a></td><td>2021-10-14<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a></td><td>Impish Indri</td><td>2022-07-14</td><td>5.13</td><td>5.22.5</td><td>5.15.2</td><td>KDE Gear 21.08, KDE Frameworks 5.86, LibreOffice 7.2, Firefox 92</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-22-04-lts-released/">22.04 LTS</a></td><td>2022-04-21</td><td>Jammy Jellyfish</td><td>2025-04-24</td><td>5.15</td><td>5.24 LTS</td><td>5.15.3</td><td>KDE Gear 21.12.3, KDE Frameworks 5.92, LibreOffice 7.3.2.2, Firefox 99</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-22-10-kinetic-kudu-released/">22.10</a></td><td>2022-10-21</td><td>Kinetic Kudu</td><td>2023-07-20<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112"><sup>112</sup></a></td><td>5.18</td><td>5.25</td><td>5.15.5</td><td>KDE Gear 22.04.1, LibreOffice 7.4, Firefox 103, KDE Frameworks 5.95</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-23-04-lunar-lobster-released/">23.04</a></td><td>2023-04-20</td><td>Lunar Lobster</td><td>2024-01-20</td><td>6.2</td><td>5.27</td><td>5.15.8.</td><td>KDE Gear 22.12, LibreOffice 7.5, Firefox 111, KDE Frameworks 5.104</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-23-10-mantic-minotaur-released/">23.10</a></td><td>2023-10-17</td><td>Mantic Minotaur</td><td>2024-07</td><td>6.5</td><td>5.27.8</td><td>5.15.10</td><td>KDE Gear 23.08, LibreOffice 7.6.2.1, Firefox 118</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-24-04-lts-noble-numbat-released/">24.04 LTS</a></td><td>2024-04-25</td><td>Noble Numbat</td><td>2027-04</td><td>6.8</td><td>5.27.11</td><td>5.15.13</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://kubuntu.org/news/kubuntu-24-10-oracular-oriole-released/">24.10</a></td><td>2024-10-10</td><td>Oracular Oriole</td><th>2025-07</th><td>6.11</td><td>6.1</td><td>Qt6 6.6 / Qt5 5.15.13</td><td><a href="/facts/Wayland_(protocol)/I9I1TbEG">Wayland</a> as default Plasma session</td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PluckyPuffin/ReleaseNotes/Kubuntu">25.04</a></td><td>2025-04-17</td><td>Plucky Puffin</td><th>2026-01</th><td>6.14</td><td>6.3</td><td>Qt6.8</td><td>KDE Frameworks 6.12.0, Firefox 137 snap, LibreOffice 25.2, Linux kernel 6.14</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8">Legend: Old version, not maintained Older version, still maintained Current stable version Future version</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="system-requirements">System requirements</h2> <p>The desktop version of Kubuntu currently supports the <a href="/facts/AMD/CB1G7QTb">AMD</a> 64 architectures, <a href="/facts/Intel/SMF0gJJX">Intel</a> x86 support was discontinued after the 18.04 release and existing <a href="/facts/32-bit/TDMVce8s">32-bit</a> users were supported until 2023.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113"><sup>113</sup></a> The recommended minimum system requirements for a desktop installation are as follows: </p> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Minimum Requirement<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114"><sup>114</sup></a></th></tr><tr><th>64-bit <a href="/facts/Central_processing_unit/Jxp1bqMV">Processor</a></th><td>2.0 GHz dual-core</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/RAM/DuD4bxh6">Memory</a></th><td>2 GB</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Hard_disk_drive/kekLSGSE">Hard drive</a> capacity</th><td>10 GB</td></tr></tbody></table> <table><tbody><tr><th colspan="2">Recommended Requirement<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115"><sup>115</sup></a></th></tr><tr><th>64-bit <a href="/facts/Central_processing_unit/Jxp1bqMV">Processor</a></th><td>2.5 GHz quad-core</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/RAM/DuD4bxh6">Memory</a></th><td>8 GB</td></tr><tr><th><a href="/facts/Hard_disk_drive/kekLSGSE">Hard drive</a> capacity</th><td>50 GB</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="deployments">Deployments</h2> <p>Kubuntu rollouts include the world's largest Linux desktop deployment, that includes more than 500,000 desktops in Brazil (in 42,000 schools of 4,000 cities).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116"><sup>116</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117"><sup>117</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118"><sup>118</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119"><sup>119</sup></a> </p><p>The software of the 14,800 Linux workstations of <a href="/facts/Munich/Pr6zw2ev">Munich</a> was switched to Kubuntu LTS 12.04 and KDE 4.11.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120"><sup>120</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121"><sup>121</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Taipei_City_Government/dPsfuFWG">Taipei City Government</a> decided to replace Windows with a Kubuntu distribution on 10,000 PCs for schools.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122"><sup>122</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123"><sup>123</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/French_Parliament/pgF2W51b">French Parliament</a> announced in 2006 that they would switch over 1,000 workstations to Kubuntu by June 2007.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124"><sup>124</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125"><sup>125</sup></a> </p><p>A Kubuntu distribution, by <a href="/facts/La_Laguna_University/zdSUWqjM">La Laguna University</a>, is used in more than 3,000 computers spread in several computer labs, laboratories and libraries, among other internal projects in the <a href="/facts/Canary_Islands/7lfpqymu">Canary Islands</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126"><sup>126</sup></a> Since October 2007, Kubuntu is now used in all of the 1,100 state schools in the Canary Islands.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127"><sup>127</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128"><sup>128</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/KDE_neon/dbGVmPGr">KDE neon</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Lubuntu/724LRCKQ">Lubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Xubuntu/GS5Lt0Er">Xubuntu</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Comparison_of_Linux_distributions/DI2AtKjE">Comparison of Linux distributions</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kubuntu. <ul><li><a href="https://kubuntu.org/">Official website</a> </li> <li><a href="https://www.distrowatch.com/table.php?distribution=kubuntu">Kubuntu</a> at <a href="/facts/DistroWatch/PXUkruJo">DistroWatch</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Canonical. "About the Ubuntu project". www.ubuntu.com. Retrieved May 1, 2018. <a href="https://www.ubuntu.com/about" target="_blank">https://www.ubuntu.com/about</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"Is Kubuntu a fork?". Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307181806/http://www.kubuntu.org/faq.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080307181806/http://www.kubuntu.org/faq.php</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"KDE Community Wiki". Kubuntu. March 22, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020. <a href="https://community.kde.org/Kubuntu" target="_blank">https://community.kde.org/Kubuntu</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Garling, Caleb (April 11, 2012). "Kubuntu Linux Gets New Sugar Daddy". Wired. <a href="https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/04/kubuntu-blue-systems" target="_blank">https://www.wired.com/wiredenterprise/2012/04/kubuntu-blue-systems</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Trade Mark Number EU004541661". IPO.gov.uk. Intellectual Property Office. May 18, 2006. Retrieved December 9, 2020. <a href="https://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmcase/Results/4/EU004541661" target="_blank">https://www.ipo.gov.uk/tmcase/Results/4/EU004541661</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Meaning of Kubuntu". Archived from the original on March 7, 2008. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080307181806/http://www.kubuntu.org/faq.php" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20080307181806/http://www.kubuntu.org/faq.php</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Kubuntu Birthdate". Ubuntu. 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Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228090906/http://news.zdnet.com/2100-3513_22-150389.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20100228090906/http://news.zdnet.com/2100-3513_22-150389.html</a> <a href="#fnref:125" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:126"><p>"Virtue of Necessity". August 26, 2015. <a href="http://blog.toscalix.com/2015/08/virtue-of-necessity-canary-sublime-your.html" target="_blank">http://blog.toscalix.com/2015/08/virtue-of-necessity-canary-sublime-your.html</a> <a href="#fnref:126" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:127"><p>Voicu, Daniel. "Kubuntu in the Canary Islands". Softpedia. <a href="http://news.softpedia.com/news/Kubuntu-in-the-Canary-Islands-67182.shtml" target="_blank">http://news.softpedia.com/news/Kubuntu-in-the-Canary-Islands-67182.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:127" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:128"><p>"Kubuntu Takes Over the Canary Islands". <a href="http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2007/09/28/kubuntu-takes-over-the-canary-islands" target="_blank">http://fridge.ubuntu.com/2007/09/28/kubuntu-takes-over-the-canary-islands</a> <a href="#fnref:128" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>