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Density theorem for Kleinian groups
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>Bers (1970) suggested the Bers density conjecture, that singly degenerate Kleinian surface groups are on the boundary of a <a href="/facts/Bers_slice/k3PPGSnt">Bers slice</a>. This was proved by Bromberg (2007) for Kleinian surface groups with no parabolic elements. A more general version of Bers's conjecture due to Sullivan and Thurston in the late 1970s and early 1980s states that every finitely generated Kleinian group is an algebraic limit of geometrically finite Kleinian groups. Brock & Bromberg (2004) proved this for freely indecomposable Kleinian groups without parabolic elements. The density conjecture was finally proved using the <a href="/facts/Tameness_theorem/TsrXGtBT">tameness theorem</a> and the <a href="/facts/Ending_lamination_theorem/rVnmXdMb">ending lamination theorem</a> by Namazi & Souto (2012) and Ohshika (2011). </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Lipman_Bers/NNzj5epN">Bers, Lipman</a> (1970), "On boundaries of Teichmüller spaces and on Kleinian groups. I", <i><a href="/facts/Annals_of_Mathematics/CUYktUqD">Annals of Mathematics</a></i>, Second Series, 91: 570–600, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1970638">10.2307/1970638</a>, <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-486X">0003-486X</a>, <a href="/facts/JSTOR_(identifier)/YTeVmaJ7">JSTOR</a> <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1970638">1970638</a>, <a href="/facts/MR_(identifier)/uP137L11">MR</a> <a href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=0297992">0297992</a></li> <li>Brock, Jeffrey F.; Bromberg, Kenneth W. (2003), "Cone-manifolds and the density conjecture", <i>Kleinian groups and hyperbolic 3-manifolds (Warwick, 2001)</i>, London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser., vol. 299, <a href="/facts/Cambridge_University_Press/fgEBSSRq">Cambridge University Press</a>, pp. 75–93, <a href="/facts/ArXiv_(identifier)/H6EtgnBe">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0210484">math/0210484</a>, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511542817.004">10.1017/CBO9780511542817.004</a>, <a href="/facts/MR_(identifier)/uP137L11">MR</a> <a href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=2044545">2044545</a></li> <li>Brock, Jeffrey F.; Bromberg, Kenneth W. (2004), "On the density of geometrically finite Kleinian groups", <i><a href="/facts/Acta_Mathematica/11kbuhDT">Acta Mathematica</a></i>, 192 (1): 33–93, <a href="/facts/ArXiv_(identifier)/H6EtgnBe">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0212189">math/0212189</a>, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02441085">10.1007/BF02441085</a>, <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-5962">0001-5962</a>, <a href="/facts/MR_(identifier)/uP137L11">MR</a> <a href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=2079598">2079598</a></li> <li>Bromberg, K. (2007), "Projective structures with degenerate holonomy and the Bers density conjecture", <i><a href="/facts/Annals_of_Mathematics/CUYktUqD">Annals of Mathematics</a></i>, Second Series, 166 (1): 77–93, <a href="/facts/ArXiv_(identifier)/H6EtgnBe">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0211402">math/0211402</a>, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.4007%2Fannals.2007.166.77">10.4007/annals.2007.166.77</a>, <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-486X">0003-486X</a>, <a href="/facts/MR_(identifier)/uP137L11">MR</a> <a href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=2342691">2342691</a></li> <li>Namazi, Hossein; Souto, Juan (2012), <a href="https://projecteuclid.org/journals/acta-mathematica/volume-209/issue-2/Non-realizability-and-ending-laminations--Proof-of-the-density/10.1007/s11511-012-0088-0.full">"Non-realizability and ending laminations: Proof of the density conjecture"</a>, <i><a href="/facts/Acta_Mathematica/11kbuhDT">Acta Mathematica</a></i>, 209 (2): 323–395, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11511-012-0088-0">10.1007/s11511-012-0088-0</a>, <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0001-5962">0001-5962</a></li> <li>Ohshika, Ken'ichi (2011), <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525195019/http://www.msp.warwick.ac.uk/gt/2011/15-02/p023.xhtml">"Realising end invariants by limits of minimally parabolic, geometrically finite groups"</a>, <i><a href="/facts/Geometry_and_Topology/I1kNzs22">Geometry and Topology</a></i>, 15 (2): 827–890, <a href="/facts/ArXiv_(identifier)/H6EtgnBe">arXiv</a>:<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0504546">math/0504546</a>, <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.2140%2Fgt.2011.15.827">10.2140/gt.2011.15.827</a>, <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1364-0380">1364-0380</a>, archived from <a href="http://www.msp.warwick.ac.uk/gt/2011/15-02/p023.xhtml">the original</a> on 2014-05-25, retrieved 2011-08-01</li> <li>Series, Caroline (2005), <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110722063916/http://www.dmi.units.it/~rimut/volumi/37/">"A crash course on Kleinian groups"</a>, <i>Rendiconti dell'Istituto di Matematica dell'Università di Trieste</i>, 37 (1): 1–38, <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0049-4704">0049-4704</a>, <a href="/facts/MR_(identifier)/uP137L11">MR</a> <a href="https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=2227047">2227047</a>, archived from <a href="http://www.dmi.units.it/~rimut/volumi/37/">the original</a> on 2011-07-22</li></ul>