Open Source Enterprise

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<p>In the fall of November 1992, <a href="/facts/United_States_Senate/VyzXHE01">Senator</a> <a href="/facts/David_Boren/2aAKSzJ0">David Boren</a>, then Chairman of the <a href="/facts/Senate_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence/RvreNP4e">Senate Select Committee on Intelligence</a>, sponsored the National Security Act of 1992, attempting to achieve modest reform in the <a href="/facts/U.S._Intelligence_Community/JLLIfECW">U.S. Intelligence Community</a>.  His counterpart on the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence was <a href="/facts/Dave_McCurdy/QutgNXhq">Congressman Dave McCurdy</a>. The House version of the legislation included a separate Open Source Office, at the suggestion of Larry Prior, a Marine Reservist with <a href="/facts/Marine_Corps_Intelligence_Command/zeuJY2NY">Marine Corps Intelligence Command</a> experience then serving on the <a href="/facts/United_States_House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence/RzEguBdu">House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence</a> staff.
</p><p>The <a href="/facts/Aspin-Brown_Commission/IdslbNpo">Aspin-Brown Commission</a> stated in 1996 that US access to open sources was "severely deficient" and that this should be a "top priority" for both funding and <a href="/facts/Director_of_the_Central_Intelligence_Agency/vSERrIF8">DCI</a> attention.
</p><p>In issuing its July 2004 report, the <a href="/facts/9%2f11_Commission/FJ26EaIs">9/11 Commission</a> recommended the creation of an open source intelligence agency, but without further detail or comment.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> Subsequently, the <a href="/facts/Iraq_Intelligence_Commission/l28cpHue">WMD Commission</a> (also known as the Robb-Silberman Commission) report in March 2005 recommended the creation of an Open Source Directorate at the <a href="/facts/CIA/U7urmQYL">CIA</a>.
</p><p>Following these recommendations, in November 2005 the <a href="/facts/United_States_Director_of_National_Intelligence/AnV5cBUQ">Director of National Intelligence</a> announced the creation of the DNI Open Source Center. The Center was established to collect information available from "the Internet, databases, press, radio, television, video, geospatial data, photos and commercial imagery."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> In addition to collecting openly available information, it would train analysts to make better use of this information. Central to the establishment of the new organization was Assistant Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Open Source (ADDNI/OS), <a href="/facts/Eliot_A._Jardines/sJel56a8">Eliot A. Jardines</a>. The OSC absorbed the CIA's previously existing <a href="/facts/Foreign_Broadcast_Information_Service/EoCYM8NQ">Foreign Broadcast Information Service</a> (FBIS), originally established in 1941, with FBIS head Douglas Naquin named as director of the Center.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
</p><p>In response to the <a href="/facts/Cuban_Missile_Crisis/GmDGYcWA">Cuban Missile Crisis</a> and START Treaty, FBIS was tasked with monitoring for clandestine and encoded messages from all nations  and coordinating broadcast media contact points who could instantly broadcast urgent messages on "All Channels" and "All Calls" and mutually receive messages in all languages and codings from any foreign broadcast station. This task continues despite the Open Source Center's <a href="/facts/Director_of_National_Intelligence/AnV5cBUQ">DNI</a> reorganization.
</p><p>On October 1, 2015, the OSC changed its name to Open Source Enterprise and was absorbed into the CIA's Directorate of Digital Innovation.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> On December 21, 2022, Randy Nixon was appointed as director of OSE, previously serving as the Director of Digital Futures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="services">Services</h2>
<p>OSE provides material to the <a href="/facts/National_Technical_Information_Service/tTdsJFnq">National Technical Information Service</a> (NTIS) and other government officials through the online news service <a href="/facts/World_News_Connection/Rk2jSUlT">World News Connection</a>.
</p>
<h2 id="facilities">Facilities</h2>
<p>The headquarters of OSE is located in the <a href="/facts/Reston_Town_Center/GSBlMwIc">Reston Town Center</a> development in Reston, Virginia, in the former headquarters of the FBIS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> The construction of the facility sparked some controversy in Reston, a <a href="/facts/Planned_community/Lasw19Pu">planned community</a>, due to the presence of a chained linked and barbed wire fence surrounding the buildings. In the late 1980s, the CIA agreed to install a more aesthetically pleasing fence around the buildings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a>
</p><p>From 1943 until 2017, OSE operated a facility at <a href="/facts/Caversham_Park/YzjI5UP3">Caversham Park</a> alongside the UK's equivalent open-source intelligence service, <a href="/facts/BBC_Monitoring/tLzbe0BV">BBC Monitoring</a>. In an information-sharing collaboration at Caversham, BBC Monitoring handled media from 25% of the world while Open Source handled the remaining 75%.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The division was closed in October 2017.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Open_Source_Intelligence/GzCXep9r">Open Source Intelligence</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Foreign_Broadcast_Information_Service/EoCYM8NQ">Foreign Broadcast Information Service</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="sources-and-notes">Sources and notes</h2>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060729031708/http://cramer.house.gov/NR/rdonlyres/3EAFE37C-6754-4970-AC55-40FAEA29FFFA/0/IntelAssessment_FinalReport.pdf">Initial Assessment on the Implementation of The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>See page 413 of the 9-11 Commission Report (pdf) Archived 2007-07-05 at the Wayback Machine. <a href="https://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_FM.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.9-11commission.gov/report/911Report_FM.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Office of the Director of National Intelligence. "ODNI Announces Establishment of Open Source Center Archived 2006-06-23 at the Wayback Machine". Press release, 8 November 2005. <a href="http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20051108_release.htm" target="_blank">http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20051108_release.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Ensor, David. "The Situation Report: Open source intelligence center Archived 2007-03-25 at the Wayback Machine". CNN, 8 November 2005. <a href="http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/08/sr.tues/" target="_blank">http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/11/08/sr.tues/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>"Open Source Center (OSC) Becomes Open Source Enterprise (OSE)". Federation of American Scientists. October 28, 2015. Archived from the original on November 20, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2020. <a href="https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2015/10/osc-ose/" target="_blank">https://fas.org/blogs/secrecy/2015/10/osc-ose/</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>"CIA Appoints Randy Nixon Director for Open Source Enterprise". www.meritalk.com. Retrieved 2024-02-29. <a href="https://www.meritalk.com/articles/cia-appoints-randy-nixon-director-for-open-source-enterprise/" target="_blank">https://www.meritalk.com/articles/cia-appoints-randy-nixon-director-for-open-source-enterprise/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>"High-Tech, Secure & Laboratory Environments". DNC Architects. Archived from the original on 2013-07-29. Retrieved April 4, 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130729013251/http://www.dncarch.com/portfolio/hightech.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130729013251/http://www.dncarch.com/portfolio/hightech.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Doug Naquin (2007), "Remarks by Doug Naquin, Director, Open Source Center" (PDF), CIRA Newsletter, vol. 32, no. 4, Central Intelligence Retirees' Association, archived (PDF) from the original on May 17, 2012, retrieved April 5, 2013 <a href="https://fas.org/irp/eprint/naquin.pdf" target="_blank">https://fas.org/irp/eprint/naquin.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>"CIA Scraps Plan for More Reston Offices". Washington Post. July 20, 1989. p. V15. Archived from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved May 13, 2020. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/07/20/cia-scraps-plan-for-more-reston-offices/15fd6ba2-b4e3-48bd-8577-a8fa45207d5f/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1989/07/20/cia-scraps-plan-for-more-reston-offices/15fd6ba2-b4e3-48bd-8577-a8fa45207d5f/</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>"BBC Monitoring: MPs raise fears over service's future". BBC News. 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2023-08-04. <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38372067" target="_blank">https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-38372067</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:10"><p>Bond, David (20 October 2017). "US to close CIA division's UK intelligence monitoring unit". Financial Times. Retrieved 29 March 2022. <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/99ede9cc-b582-11e7-aa26-bb002965bce8" target="_blank">https://www.ft.com/content/99ede9cc-b582-11e7-aa26-bb002965bce8</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Open Source Enterprise open-in-new

Open Source Enterprise