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High-power field
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<h2 id="area">Area</h2> <p>Area per high-power field for some microscope types: </p> <ul><li>Olympus BX50, BX40 or BH2 or AO: 0.096 mm2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li> <li>AO with 10x eyepiece: 0.12 mm2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a></li> <li>Olympus with 10x eyepiece: 0.16 mm2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li> <li>Nikon Eclipse E400 with 10x eyepiece and 40x objective: 0.25mm2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li>Leitz Ortholux: 0.27 mm2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li> <li>Leitz Diaplan: 0.31 mm2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="examples-of-usage">Examples of usage</h2> <p>The area provides a reference unit, for example in <a href="/facts/Reference_ranges_for_urine_tests/PeS2UfIG">reference ranges for urine tests</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>Used for grading of soft tissue tumors: Grading, usually on a scale of I to III, is based on the degree of differentiation, the average number of <a href="/facts/Mitoses/ExxrSUs8">mitoses</a> per high-power field, cellularity, <a href="/facts/Pleomorphism_(cytology)/c339JEI0">pleomorphism</a>, and an estimate of the extent of <a href="/facts/Necrosis/zCPsTeWx">necrosis</a> (presumably a reflection of rate of growth). Mitotic counts and necrosis are the most important predictors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>The following grading is part of <a href="/facts/Classification_of_breast_cancer/6uGRELlV">classification of breast cancer</a>: </p> Mitotic count per 10 high-power fields (HPFs)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><table><tbody><tr><th colspan="5">Area per HPF</th><th rowspan="2">Score</th></tr><tr><th>0.096 mm2</th><th>0.12 mm2</th><th>0.16 mm2></th><th>0.27 mm2</th><th>0.31 mm2</th></tr><tr><td>0-3</td><td>0-4</td><td>0-5</td><td>0-9</td><td>0-11</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>4-7</td><td>5-8</td><td>6-10</td><td>10-19</td><td>12-22</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>>7</td><td>>8</td><td>>10</td><td>>19</td><td>>22</td><td>3</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Unless otherwise specified in list/table, then reference is: "Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (Carcinoma of No Special Type)". Stanford University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2019-10-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Unless otherwise specified in list/table, then reference is: "Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (Carcinoma of No Special Type)". Stanford University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2019-10-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Unless otherwise specified in list/table, then reference is: "Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (Carcinoma of No Special Type)". Stanford University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2019-10-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Mikael Häggström (2020-01-29). "Neuroendocrine tumors of the midgut". Patholines.org. <a href="https://patholines.org/Neuroendocrine_tumors_of_the_midgut" target="_blank">https://patholines.org/Neuroendocrine_tumors_of_the_midgut</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Unless otherwise specified in list/table, then reference is: "Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (Carcinoma of No Special Type)". Stanford University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2019-10-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Unless otherwise specified in list/table, then reference is: "Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (Carcinoma of No Special Type)". Stanford University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2019-10-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Normal Reference Range Table Archived 2011-12-25 at the Wayback Machine from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. Used in interactive case study companion to pathologic basis of disease. <a href="http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm" target="_blank">http://pathcuric1.swmed.edu/PathDemo/nrrt.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Robbins Basic Pathology, 9e pg 792 <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Unless otherwise specified in list/table, then reference is: "Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast (Carcinoma of No Special Type)". Stanford University School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2019-10-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20190911054536/http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/breast/infductcabr/grading.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>