Lesser trochanter

<h2 id="structure">Structure</h2>
<p>The lesser trochanter is a conical posteromedial projection of the <a href="/facts/Shaft_of_the_femur/hFAyyDSc">shaft</a> of the <a href="/facts/Femur/uVyTwj4l">femur</a>, projecting from the posteroinferior aspect of its junction with the <a href="/facts/Neck_of_femur/4yEjhP3p">femoral neck</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a>
</p><p>The summit and anterior surface of the lesser trochanter are rough, whereas its posterior surface is smooth.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a>
</p><p>From its apex three well-marked borders extend:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>
</p>
<ul><li>two of these are above
<ul><li>a medial continuous with the lower border of the femur neck</li>
<li>a lateral with the <a href="/facts/Intertrochanteric_crest/bFTUVhMW">intertrochanteric crest</a></li></ul></li>
<li>the inferior border is continuous with the middle division of the <a href="/facts/Linea_aspera/9v9LFJeA">linea aspera</a></li></ul>
<h3>Attachments</h3>
<p>The summit of the lesser trochanter gives insertion to the tendon of the <a href="/facts/Psoas_major_muscle/6t6vXwEn">psoas major muscle</a> and the <a href="/facts/Iliacus_muscle/2NVYNqL2">iliacus muscle</a>;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> the lesser trochanter represents the principal attachment of the <a href="/facts/Iliopsoas/zbENr05d">iliopsoas</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a>
</p>
<h3>Anatomical relations</h3>
<p>The <a href="/facts/Intertrochanteric_crest/bFTUVhMW">intertrochanteric crest</a> (which demarcates the junction of the femoral shaft and neck posteriorly) extends between the lesser trochanter and the <a href="/facts/Greater_trochanter/PADNGyuw">greater trochanter</a> on the posterior surface of the femur.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="clinical-significance">Clinical significance</h2>

<p>The lesser trochanter can be involved in an <a href="/facts/Avulsion_fracture/GDpoL38u">avulsion fracture</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a>
</p>
<h2 id="other-animals">Other animals</h2>
<h3>Paleontology</h3>
<p>The position of the lesser <a href="/facts/Trochanter/cf7tybnj">trochanter</a> close to the head of the <a href="/facts/Femur/uVyTwj4l">femur</a> is one of the defining characteristics of the <a href="/facts/Prozostrodontia/D2eN8cH1">Prozostrodontia</a>, which is the <a href="/facts/Clade/XefyYmWn">clade</a> of <a href="/facts/Cynodont/8Trvx14s">cynodonts</a> including <a href="/facts/Mammal/phSwTzBo">mammals</a> and their closest non-<a href="/facts/Mammaliform/FvX0owYy">mammaliform</a> relatives. It was erected as a <a href="/facts/Node-based_taxon/JasKVABk">node-based taxon</a> as the least inclusive clade containing <i><a href="/facts/Prozostrodon_brasiliensis/CSez9oeM">Prozostrodon brasiliensis</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Tritylodon_langaevus/UaozUI7e">Tritylodon langaevus</a></i>, <i><a href="/facts/Pachygenelus_monus/nL9TuvuQ">Pachygenelus monus</a></i>, and <i><a href="/facts/Mus_musculus/A1fj6LQ2">Mus musculus</a></i> (the house mouse).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a>
</p><p>All living mammals have a lesser trochanter, whose size, shape, and position is distinctive to their species.
</p>
<h2 id="additional-images">Additional images</h2>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<p class="note">This article uses <a href="/facts/Anatomical_terminology/n3IASQlr">anatomical terminology</a>.</p>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Greater_trochanter/PADNGyuw">Greater trochanter</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Third_trochanter/HlwnYlhI">Third trochanter</a></li></ul>

<p> <i>This article incorporates text in the <a href="/facts/Public_domain/YWKMDKw4">public domain</a> from <a href="https://archive.org/stream/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray#page/245/mode/2up">page 245</a> of the 20th edition of</i> <a href="/facts/Gray%2527s_Anatomy/dLMyjr2p">Gray's Anatomy</a> <i>(1918)</i>
</p>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101010101/http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/figs/l13/130111.htm">Anatomy figure: 13:01-11</a> at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center</li>
<li><a href="http://www.wesnorman.com/lljoints.htm">lljoints</a> at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (<i><a href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/hipjointanterior.jpg">hipjointanterior</a></i>, <i><a href="http://www.wesnorman.com/Images/hipjointposterior.jpg">hipjointposterior</a></i>)</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Susan Standring (Forty-second ed.). [New York]. 2021. p. 1362. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) <a href="978-0-7020-7707-4" target="_blank">978-0-7020-7707-4</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Susan Standring (Forty-second ed.). [New York]. 2021. p. 1362. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) <a href="978-0-7020-7707-4" target="_blank">978-0-7020-7707-4</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Susan Standring (Forty-second ed.). [New York]. 2021. p. 1362. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) <a href="978-0-7020-7707-4" target="_blank">978-0-7020-7707-4</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Gray, Henry (1918). Gray's Anatomy (20th ed.). p. 245. <a href="https://archive.org/details/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray/page/245/mode/2up?view=theater" target="_blank">https://archive.org/details/anatomyofhumanbo1918gray/page/245/mode/2up?view=theater</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Federle, Michael P.; Rosado-de-Christenson, Melissa L.; Raman, Siva P.; Carter, Brett W., eds. (2017-01-01), "Female Pelvic Floor", Imaging Anatomy: Chest, Abdomen, Pelvis (Second Edition), Elsevier, pp. 1050–1077, ISBN 978-0-323-47781-9, retrieved 2021-01-22 <a href="978-0-323-47781-9" target="_blank">978-0-323-47781-9</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Susan Standring (Forty-second ed.). [New York]. 2021. p. 1362. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) <a href="978-0-7020-7707-4" target="_blank">978-0-7020-7707-4</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Gray's anatomy : the anatomical basis of clinical practice. Susan Standring (Forty-second ed.). [New York]. 2021. p. 1362. ISBN 978-0-7020-7707-4. OCLC 1201341621.{{cite book}}:  CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) <a href="978-0-7020-7707-4" target="_blank">978-0-7020-7707-4</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>Khoury JG, Brandser EA, Found EM, Buckwalter JA (1998). "Non-traumatic lesser trochanter avulsion: a report of three cases". Iowa Orthop J. 18: 150–4. PMC 2378165. PMID 9807723. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2378165" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2378165</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:9"><p>Liu, J.; Olsen, P. (2010). "The Phylogenetic Relationships of Eucynodontia (Amniota: Synapsida)". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 17 (3): 151. doi:10.1007/s10914-010-9136-8. S2CID 40871206. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

Lesser trochanter open-in-new

Lesser trochanter