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Magnesium selenide
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<h2 id="structure">Structure</h2> <p>Three crystal structures for MgSe have been experimentally characterized. The <a href="/facts/Cubic_crystal_system/92Co7BKM">rock-salt structure</a> is considered to be the most stable crystal structure that has been observed in bulk samples of MgSe, and a cubic <a href="/facts/Lattice_constant/h3gMKk6V">lattice constant</a> of 0.55 nm was deduced for this structure.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> Although attempts at preparing pure <a href="/facts/Cubic_crystal_system/92Co7BKM">zincblende</a> MgSe have been unsuccessful,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> the lattice constant of zincblende MgSe has been extrapolated from <a href="/facts/Epitaxy/etjSn1D3">epitaxial</a> thin films of zincblende MgxZn1−xSySe1−x and MgxZn1−xSe grown on <a href="/facts/Gallium_arsenide/BakLFjpp">gallium arsenide</a>, the latter of which was prepared with a high magnesium content (up to 95% Mg, i.e., Mg0.95Zn0.05Se).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> There is good agreement between these and other extrapolations that the lattice constant of pure zincblende MgSe is 0.59 nm.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Wurtzite_(crystal_structure)/dJLTu9SB">wurtzite structure</a> of MgSe has been observed, but it is unstable and slowly converts to the rock-salt structure.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p><a href="/facts/Hexagonal_crystal_family/sSSok8wo">NiAs</a>- and <a href="/facts/Iron_monosilicide/K3cgJwVn">FeSi</a>-type crystal structures of MgSe are predicted to form by subjecting the rock-salt crystal structure to extremely high pressures.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="electronic-properties">Electronic properties</h2> <p>Both rock-salt and zincblende MgSe are semiconductors. On the basis of different extrapolations, a room temperature <a href="/facts/Bandgap/IjIeh95l">bandgap</a> of 4.0 <a href="/facts/Electronvolt/YMT1fqX9">eV</a> has been recommended for zincblende MgSe.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> A room temperature bandgap of 3.9 eV was determined for rock-salt MgSe.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="preparation">Preparation</h2> <p>Thin films of amorphous, wurtzite and rock-salt MgSe have been prepared by <a href="/facts/Vacuum_deposition/n8Lu88Sw">vacuum deposition</a> of Mg and Se at <a href="/facts/Cryogenic/cw7dHAkp">cryogenic</a> temperatures, followed by heating and annealing.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Compound semiconductor alloys of MgSe, such as MgxZn1−xSe, have been prepared by <a href="/facts/Molecular_beam_epitaxy/zIhe0lMv">molecular beam epitaxy</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="reactions">Reactions</h2> <p>Samples of pure MgSe and Mg-rich MgxZn1−xSe (x > 0.7) readily react with water and oxidize in air.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Madelung, O., Rössler, U., Schulz, M., eds. (1999). "Magnesium oxide (MgO) physical properties (MgSe)". II-VI and I-VII Compounds; Semimagnetic Compounds. Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter. Vol. 41B. Springer-Verlag. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1007/10681719_218. ISBN 978-3-540-64964-9. <a href="978-3-540-64964-9" target="_blank">978-3-540-64964-9</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Jobst, B., Hommel, D., Lunz, U., Gerhard, T., Landwehr, G. (1996). "E0 band-gap energy and lattice constant of ternary Zn1−xMgxSe as functions of composition". Applied Physics Letters. 69 (1): 97–99. doi:10.1063/1.118132. ISSN 1077-3118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Jobst, B., Hommel, D., Lunz, U., Gerhard, T., Landwehr, G. (1996). "E0 band-gap energy and lattice constant of ternary Zn1−xMgxSe as functions of composition". Applied Physics Letters. 69 (1): 97–99. doi:10.1063/1.118132. ISSN 1077-3118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Okuyama, H., Nakano, K., Miyajima, T., Akimoto, K. (1992). "Epitaxial growth of ZnMgSSe on GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy". Journal of Crystal Growth. 117 (1–4): 139–143. Bibcode:1992JCrGr.117..139O. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(92)90732-X. ISSN 0022-0248. S2CID 97851344. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Adachi, S., ed. (2004). "Zincblende Magnesium Selenide (β-MgSe)". Handbook on Physical Properties of Semiconductors. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 37–50. doi:10.1007/1-4020-7821-8_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-7820-0. <a href="978-1-4020-7820-0" target="_blank">978-1-4020-7820-0</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Madelung, O., Rössler, U., Schulz, M., eds. (1999). "Magnesium oxide (MgO) physical properties (MgSe)". II-VI and I-VII Compounds; Semimagnetic Compounds. Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter. Vol. 41B. Springer-Verlag. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1007/10681719_218. ISBN 978-3-540-64964-9. <a href="978-3-540-64964-9" target="_blank">978-3-540-64964-9</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Mittendorf, H. (1965). "Röntgenographische und optische Untersuchungen aufgedampfter Schichten aus Erdalkalichalkogeniden". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 183 (2): 113–129. Bibcode:1965ZPhy..183..113M. doi:10.1007/BF01380788. ISSN 1434-6001. S2CID 121137813. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Madelung, O., Rössler, U., Schulz, M., eds. (1999). "Magnesium oxide (MgO) physical properties (MgSe)". II-VI and I-VII Compounds; Semimagnetic Compounds. Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter. Vol. 41B. Springer-Verlag. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1007/10681719_218. ISBN 978-3-540-64964-9. <a href="978-3-540-64964-9" target="_blank">978-3-540-64964-9</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Adachi, S., ed. (2004). "Zincblende Magnesium Selenide (β-MgSe)". Handbook on Physical Properties of Semiconductors. Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 37–50. doi:10.1007/1-4020-7821-8_3. ISBN 978-1-4020-7820-0. <a href="978-1-4020-7820-0" target="_blank">978-1-4020-7820-0</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Madelung, O., Rössler, U., Schulz, M., eds. (1999). "Magnesium oxide (MgO) physical properties (MgSe)". II-VI and I-VII Compounds; Semimagnetic Compounds. Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter. Vol. 41B. Springer-Verlag. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1007/10681719_218. ISBN 978-3-540-64964-9. <a href="978-3-540-64964-9" target="_blank">978-3-540-64964-9</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Madelung, O., Rössler, U., Schulz, M., eds. (1999). "Magnesium oxide (MgO) physical properties (MgSe)". II-VI and I-VII Compounds; Semimagnetic Compounds. Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter. Vol. 41B. Springer-Verlag. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1007/10681719_218. ISBN 978-3-540-64964-9. <a href="978-3-540-64964-9" target="_blank">978-3-540-64964-9</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Jobst, B., Hommel, D., Lunz, U., Gerhard, T., Landwehr, G. (1996). "E0 band-gap energy and lattice constant of ternary Zn1−xMgxSe as functions of composition". Applied Physics Letters. 69 (1): 97–99. doi:10.1063/1.118132. ISSN 1077-3118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Mittendorf, H. (1965). "Röntgenographische und optische Untersuchungen aufgedampfter Schichten aus Erdalkalichalkogeniden". Zeitschrift für Physik (in German). 183 (2): 113–129. Bibcode:1965ZPhy..183..113M. doi:10.1007/BF01380788. ISSN 1434-6001. S2CID 121137813. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Jobst, B., Hommel, D., Lunz, U., Gerhard, T., Landwehr, G. (1996). "E0 band-gap energy and lattice constant of ternary Zn1−xMgxSe as functions of composition". Applied Physics Letters. 69 (1): 97–99. doi:10.1063/1.118132. ISSN 1077-3118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Okuyama, H., Nakano, K., Miyajima, T., Akimoto, K. (1992). "Epitaxial growth of ZnMgSSe on GaAs substrate by molecular beam epitaxy". Journal of Crystal Growth. 117 (1–4): 139–143. Bibcode:1992JCrGr.117..139O. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(92)90732-X. ISSN 0022-0248. S2CID 97851344. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>Madelung, O., Rössler, U., Schulz, M., eds. (1999). "Magnesium oxide (MgO) physical properties (MgSe)". II-VI and I-VII Compounds; Semimagnetic Compounds. Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter. Vol. 41B. Springer-Verlag. pp. 1–8. doi:10.1007/10681719_218. ISBN 978-3-540-64964-9. <a href="978-3-540-64964-9" target="_blank">978-3-540-64964-9</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Jobst, B., Hommel, D., Lunz, U., Gerhard, T., Landwehr, G. (1996). "E0 band-gap energy and lattice constant of ternary Zn1−xMgxSe as functions of composition". Applied Physics Letters. 69 (1): 97–99. doi:10.1063/1.118132. ISSN 1077-3118. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>