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Anvari
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<h2 id="life">Life</h2> <p>Anwari was born in the Khawaran district (Balkh) of <a href="/facts/Greater_Khorasan/YjgsyBbe">Khorasan</a> early in the 12th century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> He enjoyed the special favour of the <a href="/facts/Sultan/4vdHlkdf">Sultan</a> Sanjar, whom he attended in all his warlike expeditions. On one occasion, when the sultan was besieging the fortress of Hazarasp, a fierce poetical conflict was maintained between Anwari and his rival Rashidi, who was within the beleaguered castle, by means of verses fastened to arrows.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> His literary powers are considerable, as shown in his famous lament over the ruin caused by the <a href="/facts/Oghuz_Turks/3tDVfY8y">Ghuzz</a> tribesmen in <a href="/facts/Greater_Khorasan/YjgsyBbe">Khurasan</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> and his exercises in irony and ridicule make pungent reading.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> He was adept in astrology<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> and considered himself to be superior to his contemporaries in <a href="/facts/Logic/8JnpJLtt">logic</a>, <a href="/facts/Music/41GCgkgu">music</a>, <a href="/facts/Theology/N71Fyw2M">theology</a>, <a href="/facts/Mathematics/pxTouaz4">mathematics</a> and all other intellectual pursuits.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> </p><p>It appears that his patrons after Sultan <a href="/facts/Sanjar/4Yq5Snrl">Sanjar</a> failed to value his services as highly as he did himself; at any rate he considered their rewards inadequate.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> Either that fact or jealousy of his rivals caused him to renounce the writing of eulogies and of ghazals, although it is difficult to decide at what point in his career this took place. His satires doubtless created him enemies. His declining fortunes led to persistent complaint against capricious Fate. In style and language he is sometimes obscure, so that Dawlatshah declares that he needs a commentary.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> That obscurity, and a change in literary taste, may be one reason for his comparative neglect.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p><p>Anwari died at <a href="/facts/Balkh/WEsWFqp6">Balkh</a> towards the end of the 12th century. The <i><a href="/facts/Diwan_(poetry)/XEgUqhHq">Diwan</a></i>, or collection of his poems, consists of a series of long poems, and a number of simpler lyrics. His longest piece, <i>The Tears of Khorassan</i>, was translated into English verse by Captain Kirkpatrick.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> Wikiquote has quotations related to <i>Anvari</i>. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Anvari. <ul> <li>Poetry portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_Persian_poets_and_authors/2VBwcSJo">List of Persian poets and authors</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Persian_literature/5lKzoLfm">Persian literature</a></li></ul> <h2 id="sources">Sources</h2> <ul><li>Beelaert, Anna Livia (2017). <a href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/anvari-awhad-al-din-COM_24932">"Anvarī, Awḥad al-Dīn"</a>. In Fleet, Kate; <a href="/facts/Gudrun_Kr%25C3%25A4mer/J06okbpY">Krämer, Gudrun</a>; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; <a href="/facts/Everett_K._Rowson/vRhITKmx">Rowson, Everett</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia of Islam</i> (3rd ed.). Brill Online. <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1873-9830">1873-9830</a>.</li> <li>Daadbeh, Asghar (2015). <a href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/anwari-COM_0285">"Anwarī"</a>. In <a href="/facts/Wilferd_Madelung/JegKSvsl">Madelung, Wilferd</a>; <a href="/facts/Farhad_Daftary/5yIxbpgd">Daftary, Farhad</a> (eds.). <i>Encyclopaedia Islamica Online</i>. Brill Online. <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1875-9831">1875-9831</a>.</li> <li>de Bruijn, J. T. P. (1986). <a href="https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/anwari">"Anwari"</a>. In <a href="/facts/Ehsan_Yarshater/AjH4K6mg">Yarshater, Ehsan</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/facts/Encyclop%25C3%25A6dia_Iranica/vpxGm0xG">Encyclopædia Iranica</a></i>. Vol. II/3: ʿArab Moḥammad–Architecture IV. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 141–143. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-71009-103-1.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Jan_Rypka/AypvJeC2">Rypka, Jan</a> (1968). <i>History of Iranian Literature</i>. Springer Netherlands. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-9401034814.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>J. T. P. de Bruijn, “'Anwari”. Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 2, pp. 141-143. <a href="https://iranicaonline.org/articles/anwari" target="_blank">https://iranicaonline.org/articles/anwari</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Encyclopædia Britannica, Online Edition 2007 <a href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9007937/Anvari" target="_blank">http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9007937/Anvari</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Levy, R. (2008) "Anwarī, the tak̲h̲alluṣ of Awḥad al-Dīn Muḥ. b. Muḥ. (? or ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd) Ḵh̲āwarānī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Brill. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Anwari". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" target="_blank">/wiki/Public_domain</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Levy, R. (2008) "Anwarī, the tak̲h̲alluṣ of Awḥad al-Dīn Muḥ. b. Muḥ. (? or ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd) Ḵh̲āwarānī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Brill. <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Levy, R. (2008) "Anwarī, the tak̲h̲alluṣ of Awḥad al-Dīn Muḥ. b. Muḥ. (? or ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd) Ḵh̲āwarānī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Brill. <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Levy, R. (2008) "Anwarī, the tak̲h̲alluṣ of Awḥad al-Dīn Muḥ. b. Muḥ. (? or ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd) Ḵh̲āwarānī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Brill. <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Levy, R. (2008) "Anwarī, the tak̲h̲alluṣ of Awḥad al-Dīn Muḥ. b. Muḥ. (? or ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd) Ḵh̲āwarānī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Brill. <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Levy, R. (2008) "Anwarī, the tak̲h̲alluṣ of Awḥad al-Dīn Muḥ. b. Muḥ. (? or ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd) Ḵh̲āwarānī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Brill. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Levy, R. (2008) "Anwarī, the tak̲h̲alluṣ of Awḥad al-Dīn Muḥ. b. Muḥ. (? or ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd) Ḵh̲āwarānī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Brill. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Levy, R. (2008) "Anwarī, the tak̲h̲alluṣ of Awḥad al-Dīn Muḥ. b. Muḥ. (? or ʿAlī b. Maḥmūd) Ḵh̲āwarānī". Encyclopaedia of Islam. P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Brill. <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Anwari". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" target="_blank">/wiki/Public_domain</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>