Fulbright Program

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

<blockquote>The Fulbright Program's mission is to bring a little more knowledge, a little more reason, and a little more compassion into world affairs and thereby increase the chance that nations will learn at last to live in peace and friendship.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>— Senator <a href="/facts/J._William_Fulbright/ESWUKmsW">J. William Fulbright</a></blockquote>
In 1945, Senator <a href="/facts/J._William_Fulbright/ESWUKmsW">J. William Fulbright</a> proposed a bill to use the proceeds from selling surplus U.S. government war property to fund international exchange between the U.S. and other countries. With the crucial timing of the aftermath of the Second World War and with the pressing establishment of the United Nations, the Fulbright Program was an attempt to promote peace and understanding through educational exchange. The bill devised a plan to forgo the debts foreign countries amassed during the war in return for funding an international educational program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a> It was through the belief that this program would be an essential vehicle to promote peace and mutual understanding between individuals, institutions and future leaders wherever they may be.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>
In August 1946, Congress created the Fulbright Program in what became the largest education exchange program in history. The program was expanded by the <a href="/facts/Fulbright%25E2%2580%2593Hays_Act_of_1961/uxsu1fYq">Mutual Educational And Cultural Exchange Act of 1961</a>, known as Fulbright–Hays Act. It made possible participation in international fairs and expositions, including trade and industrial fairs; translations; funding for American studies programs; funds to promote medical, scientific, cultural, and educational research and development; and modern foreign language training.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>
The program operates on a bi-national basis; each country has entered into an agreement with the U.S. government. The first countries to sign agreements were China in 1947 and <a href="/facts/Burma/zcqQH2oE">Burma</a>, the Philippines, and Greece in 1948.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>
In March 2024, the Russian government declared the Institute of International Education (IIE) and Cultural Vistas as "undesirable" in Russia.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> This decision effectively ended the Fulbright Program, which had been established in the USSR during the 1973–74 academic year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>
In February 2025, the <a href="/facts/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump/a3CUnzUu">Trump administration</a> initiated a funding freeze on State Department programs, including the Fulbright Program, disrupting financial support for thousands of scholars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>  This suspension has left 19,000 participants <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> uncertain about their future, prompting educators to urge Congress to restore funding to these vital international exchange initiatives.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a> In June, all members of the Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board resigned to protest alleged political interference by the administration.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>

<h2 id="program">Program</h2>

<blockquote>Educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>— Senator <a href="/facts/J._William_Fulbright/ESWUKmsW">J. William Fulbright</a></blockquote>
The Fulbright Program exchanges scholars and students with numerous countries in bilateral partnerships managed by commissions for each country. It provides funding for U.S. persons to visit other countries in the U.S. Student Program, U.S. Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program, and others, and enables foreign nationals to visit the United States in programs such as the Foreign Student Program, Visiting Scholar Program, Teacher Exchange Program.
Candidates recommended for Fulbright grants have high academic achievement, a compelling project proposal or statement of purpose, demonstrated leadership potential, and flexibility and adaptability to interact successfully with the host community.
Fulbright grants are awarded in almost all academic disciplines, except clinical medical research involving patient contact. Fulbright grantees' fields of study span the fine arts, humanities, social sciences, mathematics, natural and physical sciences, and professional and applied sciences.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a>

<h3>Student grants</h3>
<ul><li>The Fulbright Degree Program funds graduate education for international students wanting to study in the United States. Students apply for the scholarship in their home country and after a long process, they can pursue a Masters or Ph.D. program in the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a></li>
<li>The Fulbright U.S. Student Program offers fellowships for U.S. graduating college seniors, graduate students, young professionals, and artists to research, study, or teach English abroad for one academic year. The program facilitates cultural exchange through direct interaction on an individual basis in the classroom, field, home, and in routine tasks, allowing the grantee to gain an appreciation of others' viewpoints and beliefs, the way they do things, and the way they think. The application period opens in the spring of each year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> Since the inaugural class in 1949, <a href="/facts/Harvard_University/Lhy9L1cx">Harvard</a>, <a href="/facts/Yale/KUdS6jt1">Yale</a>, <a href="/facts/University_of_California%2c_Berkeley/MXVEjklr">Berkeley</a>, <a href="/facts/Columbia_University_in_the_City_of_New_York/Hlf1gw53">Columbia</a>, and <a href="/facts/University_of_Michigan/6e1Ea5xh">Michigan</a> have been the top producers of U.S. Student Program scholars. Michigan has been the leading producer since 2005.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a></li></ul>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Top 10 producers</th><th>Scholars (all-time)</th><th>Scholars (since 2005)</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Harvard_University/Lhy9L1cx">Harvard University</a></td><td>1,450</td><td>410</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Yale_University/KUdS6jt1">Yale University</a></td><td>1,208</td><td>372</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/University_of_California%2c_Berkeley/MXVEjklr">University of California, Berkeley</a></td><td>1,002</td><td>306</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Columbia_University/Hlf1gw53">Columbia University</a></td><td>1,001</td><td>327</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Michigan/6e1Ea5xh">University of Michigan</a></td><td>939</td><td>450</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Princeton_University/n3EPGHBM">Princeton University</a></td><td>896</td><td>299</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Stanford_University/JEQeF9z2">Stanford University</a></td><td>809</td><td>289</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Wisconsin%25E2%2580%2593Madison/Rfj54YvS">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a></td><td>805</td><td>225</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Chicago/z6zRMUmV">University of Chicago</a></td><td>769</td><td>354</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Brown_University/o9MRu4jx">Brown University</a></td><td>716</td><td>391</td></tr></tbody></table>

<ul><li>The Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals, and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the initial year of study.</li>
<li>The Fulbright Foreign Language Teaching Assistant Program provides opportunities for young English teachers from overseas to refine their teaching skills and broaden their knowledge of U.S. culture and society while strengthening the instruction of foreign languages at colleges and universities in the United States.</li>
<li>The International Fulbright Science and Technology Award, a component of the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, supports doctoral study at leading U.S. institutions in science, technology, engineering or related fields for outstanding foreign students. This program is currently on hiatus.</li>
<li>The Fulbright-mtvU Fellowships award up to four U.S. students the opportunity to study the power of music as a cultural force abroad. Fellows conduct research for one academic year on projects of their own design about a chosen musical aspect. They share their experiences during their Fulbright year via video reports, blogs, and podcasts.</li>
<li>The Fulbright-Clinton Fellowship provides the opportunity for U.S. students to serve in professional placements in foreign government ministries or institutions to gain hands-on public sector experience in participating foreign countries.</li>
<li>The Fulbright Schuman Program awards scholarships to American citizens for research in the European Union with a focus on EU affairs/policy, or the US-EU transatlantic agenda.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a></li></ul>
<h3>Scholar grants</h3>
<ul><li>The Fulbright Distinguished Chair Awards comprise approximately forty distinguished lecturing, distinguished research and distinguished lecturing/research awards ranging from three to 12 months. Fulbright Distinguished Chair Awards are viewed as among the most prestigious appointments in the U.S. Fulbright Scholar Program. Candidates should be eminent scholars and have a significant publication and teaching record.</li>
<li>The Fulbright Bicentennial Chair in American Studies at the University of Helsinki brings scholars of various disciplines to Finland. The Bicentennial Chair is open to senior faculty with outstanding publication and teaching credentials and is also considered to be among the most prestigious Fulbright appointments.</li>
<li>The Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program sends U.S. faculty members, scholars, and professionals abroad to lecture or conduct research for up to a year.</li>
<li>The Fulbright Specialist Program sends U.S. academics and professionals to serve as expert consultants on curriculum, faculty development, institutional planning, and related subjects at overseas institutions for a period of two to six weeks.</li>
<li>The Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program and Fulbright Scholar-in-Residence Program bring foreign scholars to lecture or conduct post-doctoral research for up to a year at U.S. colleges and universities.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a></li>
<li>The Fulbright Regional Network for Applied Research (NEXUS) Program is a network of junior scholars, professionals, and mid-career applied researchers from the United States, Brazil, Canada, and other Western Hemisphere nations in a year-long program that includes multi-disciplinary, team-based research, a series of three seminar meetings, and a Fulbright exchange experience.</li></ul>
<h3>Teacher grants</h3>
The Fulbright Teacher Exchange Program supports one-to-one exchanges of teachers from K–12 schools and a small number of post-secondary institutions.
The Distinguished Fulbright Awards in Teaching Program sends teachers abroad for a semester to pursue individual projects, conduct research, and lead master classes or seminars.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>

<h3>Grants for professionals</h3>
The Hubert H. Humphrey Program brings outstanding mid-career professionals from the developing world and societies in transition to the United States for one year. Fellows participate in a non-degree program of academic study and gain professional experience.
The Fulbright U.S. Scholar Program sends American scholars and professionals abroad to lecture or conduct research for up to a year.
The Fulbright Specialist Program sends U.S. faculty and professionals to serve as expert consultants on curriculum, faculty development, institutional planning, and related subjects at overseas academic institutions for a period of two to six weeks.
The Fulbright U.S. Student Program offers fellowships for U.S. graduating seniors, graduate students, young professionals and artists to study abroad for one academic year. The Program also includes an English Teaching Assistant component.
The Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the initial year of study.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>

<h3>Fulbright–Hays Program</h3>
The Fulbright–Hays Program is a component of the Fulbright Program funded by a congressional appropriation to the United States Department of Education. It awards grants to individual U.S. K through 14 pre-teachers, teachers and administrators, pre-doctoral students, and post-doctoral faculty, as well as to U.S. institutions and organizations. Funding supports research and training efforts overseas, which focus on non-western foreign languages and area studies.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a> Four Fulbright–Hays grants currently make awards: Fulbright-Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad, Fulbright–Hays Faculty Research Abroad, Fulbright–Hays Group Projects Abroad and Fulbright–Hays Seminars Abroad.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>
Fulbright–Hays Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad fellowships provide grants to U.S. colleges and universities to fund individual doctoral students who conduct research in other countries, in modern foreign languages and area studies for periods of 6–12 months.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a> Fulbright–Hays Faculty Research Abroad fellowships provide grants to U.S. colleges and universities to fund individual faculty who conduct research in other countries, in modern foreign languages and area studies for periods of 3–12 months.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> Fulbright–Hays Group Projects Abroad provides grants to support overseas projects in training, research, and curriculum development in modern foreign languages and area studies for teachers, students, and faculty engaged in a common endeavor, including short-term seminars, curriculum development, group research or study, or advanced intensive language programs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a> Fulbright–Hays Seminars Abroad provides individual U.S. educators and administrators opportunities to go abroad as part of a group in the summer to participate in immersive educational and cultural activities and thereby improve their understanding of the peoples and cultures of other countries. Based on their seminar experiences, participants develop cross-cultural curricula for their home educational contexts.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>

<h2 id="administration">Administration</h2>
The program is coordinated by the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA) of the U.S. Department of State under policy guidelines established by the Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board (FSB), with the help of 50 bi-national Fulbright commissions, U.S. embassies, and cooperating organizations in the U.S.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a>
The <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_State/WsB5FMBT">United States Department of State</a> is responsible for managing, coordinating and overseeing the Fulbright program. <a href="/facts/Bureau_of_Educational_and_Cultural_Affairs/WxvPyNDt">Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs</a> is the bureau in the Department of State that has primary responsibility for the administration of the program.
The <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_Education/VuahmIvb">United States Department of Education</a> is responsible for managing, coordinating and overseeing the Fulbright–Hays program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a>
The Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board is a twelve-member board of educational and public leaders appointed by the President of the United States that determines general policy and direction for the Fulbright Program and approves all candidates nominated for Fulbright Scholarships.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a>
Bi-national Fulbright commissions and foundations, most of which are funded jointly by the U.S. and partner governments, develop priorities for the program, including the numbers and categories of grants. More specifically, they plan and implement educational exchanges, recruit and nominate candidates for fellowships; designate qualified local educational institutions to host Fulbrighters; fundraise; engage alumni; support incoming U.S. Fulbrighters; and, in many countries, operate an information service for the public on educational opportunities in the United States.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a>
In a country active in the program without a Fulbright commission, the Public Affairs Section of the U.S. Embassy administers the Fulbright Program, including recruiting and nominating candidates for grants to the U.S., overseeing U.S. Fulbrighters on their grant in the country, and engaging alumni.
Established in 1919 in the aftermath of World War I, the <a href="/facts/Institute_of_International_Education/kc4E96AA">Institute of International Education</a> was created to catalyze educational exchange. In 1946, the U.S. Department of State invited IIE to administer the graduate student component and CIES to administer the faculty component of the Fulbright Program—IIE's largest program to date.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a>
The <a href="/facts/Council_for_International_Exchange_of_Scholars/gQ3HtRT0">Council for International Exchange of Scholars</a> is a division of IIE that administers the Fulbright Scholar Program.
<a href="/facts/AMIDEAST/vVYT3kQf">AMIDEAST</a> administers Fulbright Foreign Student grants for grantees from the Middle East and North Africa, excluding Israel.
LASPAU: Affiliated with Harvard University<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a> LASPAU brings together a valuable network of individuals, institutions, leaders and organizations devoted to building knowledge-based societies across the Americas. Among other functions, LASPAU administers the Junior Faculty Development Program, a part of the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, for grantees from Central and South America and the Caribbean.
<a href="/facts/World_Learning/x2haJnKy">World Learning</a> administers the Fulbright Specialist Program.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a>
American Councils for International Education (ACTR/ACCELS) administers the Junior Faculty Development Program (JFDP), a special academic exchange for grantees from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Southeast Europe.
The <a href="/facts/AED_(non-profit)/IQrTA2rV">Academy for Educational Development</a> administers the Fulbright Classroom Teacher Exchange Program and the Distinguished Fulbright Awards in Teaching Program.

<h2 id="related-organizations">Related organizations</h2>
The <a href="/facts/Fulbright_Association/XuFlnjYR">Fulbright Association</a> is an organization independent of the Fulbright Program and not associated with the U.S. Department of State. The Fulbright Association was established on February 27, 1977, as a private nonprofit, membership organization with over 9,000 members. Arthur Power Dudden was its founding president. He wanted alumni to educate members of the U.S. Congress and the public about the benefits of advancing increased mutual understanding between the people of the United States and those of other countries. In addition to the Fulbright Association in the U.S., independent Fulbright Alumni associations exist in over 75 countries around the world.
The <a href="/facts/Fulbright_Academy/JxM8S5sj">Fulbright Academy</a> is an organization independent of the Fulbright Program and not associated with the U.S. Department of State. A non-partisan, non-profit organization with members worldwide, the Fulbright Academy focuses on the professional advancement and collaboration needs among the 100,000+ Fulbright alumni in science, technology, and related fields. The Fulbright Academy works with individual and institutional members, Fulbright alumni associations and other organizations interested in leveraging the unique knowledge and skills of Fulbright alumni.

<h2 id="bilateral-commissions">Bilateral commissions</h2>
The Fulbright Program has commissions in 49 of the over 160 countries with which it has bilateral partnerships. These foundations are funded jointly by the U.S. and partner governments. The role of the Fulbright Commissions is to plan and implement educational exchanges; recruit and nominate candidates, both domestic and foreign, for fellowships; designate qualified local educational institutions to host Fulbrighters; and support incoming U.S. Fulbrighters while engaging with alumni.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a> Below is a list of current commissions.

<table><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Region</th><th scope="col">Country</th><th scope="col">Commission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="9">East Asia and the Pacific</th><td>Australia</td><td>The Australian-American Fulbright Commission</td></tr><tr><td>Indonesia</td><td>American-Indonesian Exchange Foundation</td></tr><tr><td>Japan</td><td>Japan-United States Educational Commission</td></tr><tr><td>Korea</td><td>Korean-American Educational Commission</td></tr><tr><td>Malaysia</td><td>Malaysian-American Commission on Educational Exchange</td></tr><tr><td>New Zealand</td><td>New Zealand-United States Educational Foundation</td></tr><tr><td>The Philippines</td><td>Philippine-American Educational Foundation</td></tr><tr><td>Taiwan</td><td>Foundation for Scholarly Exchange</td></tr><tr><td>Thailand</td><td>Thailand-U.S. Educational Foundation</td></tr><tr><th rowspan="24" scope="row">Europe and Eurasia</th><td>Austria</td><td><a href="/facts/Fulbright_Austria/D6dtPNfN">Austrian-American Educational Commission</a></td></tr><tr><td>Belgium</td><td><a href="/facts/Fulbright_Commission_Belgium/LuehJFwN">Commission for Educational Exchange Between the United States, Belgium and Luxembourg</a></td></tr><tr><td>Bulgaria</td><td>Bulgarian-American Commission for Educational Exchange</td></tr><tr><td>Czech Republic</td><td>J. William Fulbright Commission for Educational Exchange in the Czech Republic</td></tr><tr><td>Denmark</td><td>Fulbright Denmark</td></tr><tr><td>Finland</td><td>Fulbright Finland Foundation</td></tr><tr><td>France</td><td><a href="/facts/Franco-American_Fulbright_Commission/gJmRytCL">Franco-American Commission for Educational Exchange</a></td></tr><tr><td>Georgia</td><td>Fulbright Georgia</td></tr><tr><td>Germany</td><td>German-American Fulbright Commission</td></tr><tr><td>Greece</td><td>U.S. Educational Foundation in Greece</td></tr><tr><td>Hungary</td><td>Hungarian-American Commission for Educational Exchange</td></tr><tr><td>Iceland</td><td><a href="/facts/Fulbright_Commission_Iceland/X3PF0HAy">Iceland-United States Educational Commission</a></td></tr><tr><td>Ireland</td><td>The Ireland-United States Commission for Educational Exchange</td></tr><tr><td>Italy</td><td><a href="/facts/U.S.-Italy_Fulbright_Commission/PVqUjIQh">The U.S.-Italy Fulbright Commission</a></td></tr><tr><td>Netherlands</td><td>Fulbright Commission the Netherlands</td></tr><tr><td>Norway</td><td>U.S.-Norway Fulbright Foundation for Educational Exchange</td></tr><tr><td>Poland</td><td>Polish-U.S. Fulbright Commission</td></tr><tr><td>Portugal</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange Between the United States of America and Portugal</td></tr><tr><td>Romania</td><td>Romanian-U.S. Fulbright Commission</td></tr><tr><td>Slovakia</td><td><a href="/facts/Slovak_Fulbright_Commission/E5gcBNry">J. William Fulbright Commission for Educational Exchange in the Slovak Republic</a></td></tr><tr><td>Spain</td><td>Commission for Cultural, Educational and Scientific Exchange Between the United States of America and Spain</td></tr><tr><td>Sweden</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange between the United States and Sweden</td></tr><tr><td>Turkey</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange Between the United States of America and Turkey</td></tr><tr><td>United Kingdom</td><td><a href="/facts/UK_Fulbright_Commission/Jf6N322q">The United States-United Kingdom Fulbright Commission</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="4">Middle East and North Africa</th><td>Egypt</td><td>The Binational Fulbright Commission in Egypt</td></tr><tr><td>Israel</td><td>U.S.-Israel Educational Foundation (USIEF)</td></tr><tr><td>Jordan</td><td>Jordanian-American Commission for Educational Exchange (JACEE)</td></tr><tr><td>Morocco</td><td><a href="/facts/Moroccan-American_Commission_for_Educational_and_Cultural_Exchange/x9p7SSM3">Moroccan-American Commission for Educational and Cultural Exchange</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="4">South and Central Asia</th><td>India</td><td><a href="/facts/United_States-India_Educational_Foundation/qNoJtffB">United States-India Educational Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><td>Nepal</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange between the United States and Nepal (USEF/Nepal)</td></tr><tr><td>Pakistan</td><td>United States Educational Foundation in Pakistan</td></tr><tr><td>Sri Lanka</td><td>United States-Sri Lanka Fulbright Commission</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="9">Western Hemisphere</th><td>Argentina</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange Between the United States and the Argentine Republic</td></tr><tr><td>Brazil</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange between the United States of America and Brazil</td></tr><tr><td>Canada</td><td>Foundation for Educational Exchange Between Canada and the United States of America</td></tr><tr><td>Chile</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange Between the United States of America and Chile</td></tr><tr><td>Colombia</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange Between the United States of America and Colombia</td></tr><tr><td>Ecuador</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange Between the United States of America and Ecuador</td></tr><tr><td>Mexico</td><td>Mexico-United States Commission for Educational and Cultural Exchange</td></tr><tr><td>Peru</td><td>Commission for Educational Exchange Between the United States and Peru</td></tr><tr><td>Uruguay</td><td>Fulbright Uruguay</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="j-william-fulbright-prize-for-international-understanding">J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding</h2>
The J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding is awarded by the <a href="/facts/Fulbright_Association/XuFlnjYR">Fulbright Association</a> to recognize individuals or organisations which have made extraordinary contributions toward bringing peoples, cultures, or nations to greater understanding of others. Established in 1993, the prize was first awarded to <a href="/facts/Nelson_Mandela/FeD1aGFC">Nelson Mandela</a>.

<table><tbody><tr><th>Person</th><th>Year</th><th>Country</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Nelson_Mandela/FeD1aGFC">Nelson Mandela</a></td><td>1993</td><td>South Africa</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Jimmy_Carter/Rr4UyAVX">Jimmy Carter</a></td><td>1994</td><td>United States</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Franz_Vranitzky/0j1BXmen">Franz Vranitzky</a></td><td>1995</td><td>Austria</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Corazon_Aquino/wPvtxu3C">Corazon Aquino</a></td><td>1996</td><td>Philippines</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/V%25C3%25A1clav_Havel/YlanCzbz">Václav Havel</a></td><td>1997</td><td>Czech Republic</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Patricio_Aylwin/FTmCqJrk">Patricio Aylwin</a></td><td>1998</td><td>Chile</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Mary_Robinson/6vf6KTYS">Mary Robinson</a></td><td>1999</td><td>Ireland</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Martti_Ahtisaari/1bVTRsMK">Martti Ahtisaari</a></td><td>2000</td><td>Finland</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kofi_Annan/x5YdH5wX">Kofi Annan</a></td><td>2001</td><td>Ghana</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Sadako_Ogata/JbkjWA5b">Sadako Ogata</a></td><td>2002</td><td>Japan</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso/DjSzh0W2">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a></td><td>2003</td><td>Brazil</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Colin_Powell/V9dUmxsg">Colin Powell</a></td><td>2004</td><td>United States</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Bill_Clinton/x5mwYkVh">Bill Clinton</a></td><td>2006</td><td>United States</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Desmond_Tutu/cXo1jIbl">Desmond Tutu</a></td><td>2008</td><td>South Africa</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation/IW7prjCH">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a></td><td>2010</td><td>United States</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/M%25C3%25A9decins_Sans_Fronti%25C3%25A8res/aWHStTIt">Médecins Sans Frontières</a></td><td>2012</td><td>France</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Hans_Blix/uGaEGgo5">Hans Blix</a></td><td>2014</td><td>Sweden</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Richard_Lugar/tWIIjLc1">Richard Lugar</a></td><td>2016</td><td>United States</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Angela_Merkel/n7jjpybM">Angela Merkel</a></td><td>2018</td><td>Germany</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Bono/LWHXEyw6">Bono</a></td><td>2021</td><td>Ireland</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Kizzmekia_Corbett/Yy04G2sF">Kizzmekia Corbett</a>, <a href="/facts/Anthony_Fauci/QFebcwYs">Anthony Fauci</a></td><td>2022</td><td>United States</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Gary_White_(engineer)/u8HbCL2J">Gary White</a>, <a href="/facts/Matt_Damon/LWdb85nz">Matt Damon</a></td><td>2024</td><td>United States</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Christiane_Amanpour/gGYXQQN4">Christiane Amanpour</a></td><td>2025</td><td>United Kingdom</td></tr></tbody></table>
<h2 id="notable-alumni">Notable alumni</h2>
Fulbright alumni have occupied key roles in government, academia, and industry. Of the more than 325,000 alumni:

<ul><li>89 have received the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize/wD4PN6Xs">Pulitzer Prize</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a></li>
<li>78 have been <a href="/facts/MacArthur_Fellows/2nF5hIJh">MacArthur Fellows</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></li>
<li>62 have received a Nobel Prize<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a></li>
<li>40 have served as head of state or government<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a></li>
<li>10 have been elected to the <a href="/facts/US_Congress/mJlU46K7">U.S. Congress</a></li>
<li>1 has served as secretary general of the United Nations</li></ul>
<h3>List of selected group of notable Fulbright grant recipients</h3>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/William_Drea_Adams/NTUlpzne">William D. "Bro" Adams</a>, university administrator and <a href="/facts/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities/JV09yPKC">NEH</a> <a href="/facts/Chair_of_the_National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities/VHT8mByk">Chair</a> (2014–2017)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Edward_Albee/G3YEfQ2s">Edward Albee</a>, recipient (three times) of the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Drama/8v5PRzM0">Pulitzer Prize for Drama</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Karim_Alrawi/rfx2gcId">Karim Alrawi</a>, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Samuel_Beckett_Award/7f4dVsQg">Samuel Beckett Award</a> for the Performing Arts, President of Egyptian <a href="/facts/International_Pen/2CeXvszq">Pen</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Francis_Andersen/TSeuvbgn">Francis Andersen</a>, Australian Hebrew and biblical studies scholar</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Claire_Andrade-Watkins/SCAyovIA">Claire Andrade-Watkins</a>, academic, film director</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Paula_Arai/I6Pe19QJ">Paula Arai</a>, <a href="/facts/Buddhist_studies/JqAvVDDz">Buddhist studies</a> scholar<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/John_Ashbery/z44SY1L4">John Ashbery</a>, American poet<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Gustavo_V._Barbosa-C%25C3%25A1novas/ExFm3VY2">Gustavo V. Barbosa-Cánovas</a>, Uruguayan American Professor of Food Engineering and Director of the Center for Nonthermal Processing of Food at Washington State University</li>
<li><a href="/facts/George_Benneh/pjkFjtoc">George Benneh</a>, Ghanaian academic, university administrator and public servant</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Christopher_Charles_Benninger/d3Wv6fJp">Christopher Charles Benninger</a>, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Indian_Institute_of_Architects/EcyUR5h6">Indian Institute of Architects</a> Gold Medal for contribution to architecture in (2004)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Victor_Bianchini/F5YbeWdm">Victor Bianchini</a>, U.S. federal judge, California State superior court judge, retired Colonel of U.S. Marine Corps; former law school dean</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Amy_Biehl/RybLSbS5">Amy Biehl</a>, anti-Apartheid activist murdered in South Africa</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Harold_Bloom/qgS4fgQR">Harold Bloom</a>, literary theorist and critic</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Boutros_Boutros-Ghali/ovRvr2yk">Boutros Boutros-Ghali</a>, Egyptian politician and Secretary-General of the United Nations, 1992–1996</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Michael_Broyde/H1acpr8Y">Michael Broyde</a> (born 1964), American law professor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Kofi_Abrefa_Busia/LwlXnemY">Kofi Abrefa Busia</a>, Ghanaian academic and Prime Minister of Ghana (1969–1972)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso/DjSzh0W2">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a>, President of Brazil from 1995 to 2002<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Kyle_Carey/o7CQtxMX">Kyle Carey</a>, Celtic American musician<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bob_Carr/zpuRS2Ez">Bob Carr</a>, Australian politician<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ron_Castan/DjQDve6p">Ron Castan</a>, Australian Constitutional law barrister<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lenora_Champagne/Kx2vbAMm">Lenora Champagne</a>, playwright, performance artist and director<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dante_R._Chialvo/2lPBsvD4">Dante R. Chialvo</a>, scientist<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54">54</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dale_Chihuly/8XNplSTF">Dale Chihuly</a>, glass sculptor and entrepreneur<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55">55</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mark_Choate/0g7X6dlg">Mark Choate</a>, American historian, soldier, and diplomat<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56">56</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eugenie_Clark/bw2vAWJW">Eugenie Clark</a>, American ichthyologist and founder of <a href="/facts/Mote_Marine_Laboratory/QA7RkdSN">Mote Marine Laboratory</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/George_C._Clerk/dJxb5RGA">George C. Clerk</a>, Ghanaian botanist and plant pathologist pioneer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57">57</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58">58</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nathan_Collett/q9cbUxz5">Nathan Collett</a>, filmmaker<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59">59</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60">60</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Aaron_Copland/mGWY3jEm">Aaron Copland</a>, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Music/x8yDLy6v">Pulitzer Prize for Music</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Leah_Curtis_(composer)/xcALhTr8">Leah Curtis</a>, Australian composer<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61">61</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Myanna_Dellinger/0gxGseMJ">Myanna Dellinger</a>, Danish-American law professor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Arthur_Deshaies/er5gV4hn">Arthur Deshaies</a>, artist, printmaker, professor and head of the graphic workshop, Florida State University<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62">62</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rita_Dove/MRYU4HVU">Rita Dove</a>, U.S. Poet Laureate and recipient of the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Poetry/8eVtMSWb">Pulitzer Prize for Poetry</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eugenia_Del_Pino/CA3LELTl">Eugenia Del Pino</a>, Ecuadorian developmental biologist</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ibrahim_M._El-Sherbiny/1E7mAbo9">Ibrahim M. El-Sherbiny</a>, Egyptian materials scientist</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alfredo_E._Evangelista/4rGWaIlj">Alfredo E. Evangelista</a>, Filipino archeologist and director of the Anthropology division of the <a href="/facts/National_Museum_of_the_Philippines/meLof0cF">National Museum of the Philippines</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Glynnis_Fawkes/zbSLkwIv">Glynnis Fawkes</a>, archeological illustrator and graphic novelist <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63">63</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eric_Foner/XTMWzU5B">Eric Foner</a>, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_History/vlXetx2W">Pulitzer Prize for History</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/John_Hope_Franklin/6kh0nkwc">John Hope Franklin</a>, historian and <a href="/facts/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom/wNtowHA6">Presidential Medal of Freedom</a> recipient</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Maryellen_Fullerton/FCaLyzzb">Maryellen Fullerton</a>, lawyer and law professor and interim dean at <a href="/facts/Brooklyn_Law_School/GsznSVU2">Brooklyn Law School</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Radhika_Gajjala/VeMSjQcx">Radhika Gajjala</a>, a communications and a cultural studies professor,</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Philip_A._Gale/W0D4MerY">Philip A. Gale</a>, British chemist and university administrator</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Vicente_Blanco_Gaspar/eSaY0NvE">Vicente Blanco Gaspar</a>, ambassador of Spain</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ashraf_Ghani/HGwX1FWD">Ashraf Ghani</a>, the President of Afghanistan<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64">64</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Gabby_Giffords/B5xYted1">Gabby Giffords</a>, <a href="/facts/United_States_Representative/cdBPb9pY">United States Representative</a> for <a href="/facts/Arizona%2527s_8th_congressional_district/mHaRXH0p">Arizona's 8th congressional district</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Walter_Gonzalez_Gonzalez/77vnqXvw">Walter Gonzalez Gonzalez</a> (1924–1979), first Fulbright scholar to the United States from Bolivia, President of the Society of Bolivian Engineers ("Sociedad de Ingenieros de Bolivia").<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65">65</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Robert_A._Gorman/MSR0b8vt">Robert A. Gorman</a> (born 1937), law professor at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Pennsylvania_Law_School/yuSLaEWP">University of Pennsylvania Law School</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Wendy_Greengross/SAKP1Xdo">Wendy Greengross</a> (1925–2012), general practitioner and broadcaster<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66">66</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Nigel_Healey/jYJwsw0Y">Nigel Healey</a>, Vice Chancellor, <a href="/facts/Fiji_National_University/zySkMjj1">Fiji National University</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Edward_Herrmann/07VLoJGW">Edward Herrmann</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Robert_Hess_(college_president)/9VbfgdC5">Robert Hess</a> (1938–1994), President of <a href="/facts/Brooklyn_College/QgruaF7m">Brooklyn College</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/John_Honnold/ydpGvlXq">John Honnold</a> (1915–2011), American law professor at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Pennsylvania_Law_School/yuSLaEWP">University of Pennsylvania Law School</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ross_Horning/IvYvcMtc">Ross Horning</a>, American historian<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67">67</a></li>
<li>Brad K. Hounkpati, founder of <a href="/facts/Grain_de_Sel_Togo%2c_Inc/L4bKIpsK">Grain de Sel Togo, Inc</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Elizabeth_Ellis_Hoyt/AMQtx4zM">Elizabeth Ellis Hoyt</a> (1893–1980), economist, considered the inventor of the modern day <a href="/facts/United_States_Consumer_Price_Index/wS8FkRfW">Consumer Price Index</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68">68</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Julia_Ioffe/6y8o9GnT">Julia Ioffe</a> (born 1982), Russian-born American journalist</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Michael_Janis/68GJMF2z">Michael Janis</a>, glass sculptor and educator <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69">69</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rahul_M._Jindal/gUI2KcgT">Rahul M. Jindal</a>, Indian-American transplant surgeon at <a href="/facts/Uniformed_Services_University/AFrgabEJ">Uniformed Services University</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Roberta_Karmel/qNPete4Q">Roberta Karmel</a> (born 1937), Centennial Professor of Law at <a href="/facts/Brooklyn_Law_School/GsznSVU2">Brooklyn Law School</a>, and first female <a href="/facts/Securities_and_Exchange_Commission_appointees/je5cCAGl">Commissioner</a> of the <a href="/facts/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission/IM9Pl2gK">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Charles_Kennedy/U6cBMXeQ">Charles Kennedy</a>, British politician</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Suzanne_Klotz/dpI4VwlR">Suzanne Klotz</a>, painter and sculptor<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70">70</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Koh_Tsu_Koon/bAHp0PNW">Koh Tsu Koon</a>, Malaysian politician</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Cy_Kuckenbaker/aBQcQjGX">Cy Kuckenbaker</a>, American filmmaker</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Carrie_Lam/MRbHbz61">Carrie Lam</a>, the <a href="/facts/Chief_Executive_of_Hong_Kong/dunSPDYq">Chief Executive of Hong Kong</a> from 2017 to 2022<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71">71</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Karen_LaMonte/3Dd5T7Ge">Karen LaMonte</a>, sculptor<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72">72</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jeffrey_W._Legro/bYlpnf0N">Jeffrey W. Legro</a>, political scientist and professor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ben_Lerner/NAMCXhsP">Ben Lerner</a>, writer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Bernadette_Lim/n3d8Udw0">Bernadette Lim</a>, American physician and community organizer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/John_Lithgow/8ef2jPV4">John Lithgow</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Dolph_Lundgren/uV7bzU9h">Dolph Lundgren</a>, actor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jamil_Mahuad/N5WcuhGW">Jamil Mahuad</a>, President of Ecuador from 1998 to 2000</li>
<li><a href="/facts/John_Atta_Mills/Dq3Wn5Wx">John Atta Mills</a>, legal scholar and President of Ghana (2009–2012)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Baidyanath_Misra/EKCNWN64">Baidyanath Misra</a>, former Vice-Chancellor of the <a href="/facts/Odisha_University_of_Agriculture_and_Technology/AaaoYMur">Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan/3qewhaXx">Daniel Patrick Moynihan</a>, <a href="/facts/United_States_Senator/VyzXHE01">United States Senator</a> and diplomat</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Robert_Nozick/WXNoFABG">Robert Nozick</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73">73</a> American political philosopher</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Joan_Oates/qgH9GwVs">Joan Oates</a>, archaeologist</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lisa_Orr/efN03AAf">Lisa Orr</a>, potter and teacher of ceramics<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74">74</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mikael_Owunna/ryRpBvwL">Mikael Owunna</a>, photographer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Linus_Pauling/cBNBzs5c">Linus Pauling</a>, awarded the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry/8Nb8Ajjy">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> and the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Peace_Prize/2wVhmLrX">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Hugh_V._Perkins/lFWXCd64">Hugh V. Perkins</a>, American professor (UMCP), author, and education developer in Pakistan, 1958-1959</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sylvia_Plath/EThUabbj">Sylvia Plath</a>, poet, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Poetry/8eVtMSWb">Pulitzer Prize for Poetry</a> in 1982</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Niharica_Raizada/NBe1HwC6">Niharica Raizada</a>, actress</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Ian_Rankin/bbdXHp5H">Ian Rankin</a>, author</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alec_Rasizade/rfUCQupw">Alec Rasizade</a>, American historian, author of <a href="/facts/Algorithm_of_Rasizade/rfUCQupw">Rasizade's algorithm</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Anand_Reddi/cQP5pBQV">Anand Reddi</a>, global health research, public health advocate and biotech executive</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Maria_Ressa/dMx0EV7q">Maria Ressa</a>, awarded the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Peace_Prize/2wVhmLrX">Nobel Peace Prize</a>.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Alexis_Ringwald/2nWmzC4k">Alexis Ringwald</a>, former CEO of LearnUp, a <a href="/facts/Manpower_Group/0ncNFu7W">Manpower Group</a> company.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Berenice_Robinson/tKdzToXz">Berenice Robinson</a>, author and composer.</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Theodore_Roethke/dve7FDnX">Theodore Roethke</a>, poet, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Poetry/8eVtMSWb">Pulitzer Prize for Poetry</a> in 1954 and the <a href="/facts/National_Book_Award_for_Poetry/k5eKJk04">National Book Award for Poetry</a> in 1959 and 1965</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Margaret_Vardell_Sandresky/J1xDp3kE">Margaret Vardell Sandresky</a>, composer, organist and theorist</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Juan_Manuel_Santos/rbN8C1bT">Juan Manuel Santos</a>, the former President of Colombia from 2010 and 2018. Recipient of the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Peace_Prize/2wVhmLrX">Nobel Peace Prize</a> in 2016<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75">75</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Philip_Schultz/kPJRNpmU">Philip Schultz</a> poet<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76">76</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/E._Anne_Schwerdtfeger/H69sbxMD">E. Anne Schwerdtfeger</a>, composer and choral conductor</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Heather_J._Sharkey/RLJ22oSe">Heather J. Sharkey</a>, historian of the Middle East and Africa at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Pennsylvania/LBBBULox">University of Pennsylvania</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Wallace_Shawn/awJLV7Nx">Wallace Shawn</a>, actor and playwright</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mahi_R._Singh/zFxh1I9I">Mahi R. Singh</a>, physics professor at <a href="/facts/University_of_Western_Ontario/BcvT1C80">University of Western Ontario</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jane_Smiley/kweM33HN">Jane Smiley</a>, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction/khpbp6JD">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a></li>
<li>Paul Reed Smith, 1953–2008, Business IT manager, University of Seattle</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Williametta_Spencer/UBUQJMe1">Williametta Spencer</a>, composer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Henry_Steiner/z6xa6nRo">Henry Steiner</a>, Austrian graphic designer</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Joseph_Stiglitz/DU3DATT4">Joseph Stiglitz</a>, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences/8BBwNwre">Nobel Prize in Economics</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Herbert_Storing/vjeBSeXX">Herbert Storing</a>, Robert Kent Gooch Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Virginia/SPNDITbg">University of Virginia</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Robert_S._Summers/WNkMUnJp">Robert S. Summers</a>, law professor at <a href="/facts/Cornell_Law_School/T4nqfNsg">Cornell Law School</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rishi_Sunak/wry2BHbr">Rishi Sunak</a>, <a href="/facts/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom/Uf40UlBb">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Merze_Tate/V52pkKRV">Merze Tate</a>, first black woman to attend the <a href="/facts/University_of_Oxford/ExVVQL6V">University of Oxford</a>, first black woman to earn a Ph.D. in government and international relations from <a href="/facts/Harvard_University/Lhy9L1cx">Harvard University</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sergio_Troncoso/StL0khdt">Sergio Troncoso</a>, author of <a href="/facts/From_This_Wicked_Patch_of_Dust/3jr4KzFa">From This Wicked Patch of Dust</a>, <a href="/facts/Crossing_Borders%3a_Personal_Essays/X9Il97tm">Crossing Borders: Personal Essays</a>, and <a href="/facts/The_Nature_of_Truth/mhn8Q9zy">The Nature of Truth</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sasha_Velour/moJd6EdD">Sasha Velour</a>, queen, artist, and winner of <a href="/facts/RuPaul%2527s_Drag_Race_(season_9)/f0Jzsa4I">season nine of RuPaul's Drag Race</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Eudora_Welty/xCG4zca3">Eudora Welty</a>, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Fiction/khpbp6JD">Pulitzer Prize for Fiction</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/C._Vann_Woodward/pbCp48Yw">C. Vann Woodward</a>, recipient of the <a href="/facts/Pulitzer_Prize_for_History/vlXetx2W">Pulitzer Prize for History</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Charles_Wright_(poet)/L3yzBogy">Charles Wright</a>, American poet<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77">77</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/James_Wright_(poet)/qJJqFJoT">James Wright</a>, American poet<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78">78</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Muhammad_Yunus/e496WHh8">Muhammad Yunus</a>, awarded the <a href="/facts/Nobel_Peace_Prize/2wVhmLrX">Nobel Peace Prize</a> </li></ul>
<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>

<ul><li><a href="/facts/Academic_mobility/B9Cs5nIp">Academic mobility</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Belgian_American_Educational_Foundation/8yc5jIH7">Belgian American Educational Foundation</a> (BAEF)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Chevening_Scholarship/UgGdSPg8">Chevening Scholarship</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Chiang_Ching-kuo_Foundation/MD1r11ds">Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Cultural_diplomacy/h7kxegHT">Cultural diplomacy</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/EducationUSA/68zpVQTA">EducationUSA</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Erasmus_Programme/DeWhP8Rx">Erasmus Programme</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/German_Academic_Exchange_Service/TJbQruW1">German Academic Exchange Service</a> (<a href="/facts/Deutscher_Akademischer_Austauschdienst/TJbQruW1">Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst</a>)</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Harkness_Fellowship/GKQl2rnq">Harkness Fellowship</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/ITT_International_Fellowship_Program/CoX0NpTW">ITT International Fellowship Program</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/J%25C3%25BCrgen_Mulert/vNagSIyd">Jürgen Mulert</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Marshall_Scholarship/MRQ8TNua">Marshall Scholarship</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/National_Security_Language_Initiative/4NIsCWwP">National Security Language Initiative</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Gates_Cambridge_Scholarship/yRot9EK4">Gates Cambridge Scholarship</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Monbukagakusho_Scholarship/1gM7H3l4">Monbukagakusho Scholarship</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Rhodes_Scholarship/aVf26dt3">Rhodes Scholarship</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Yenching_Scholarship/bGVB1Vpm">Yenching Scholarship</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Jardine_Scholarship/A60XYg5b">Jardine Scholarship</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/The_Olmsted_Scholar_Program/aL62CM29">The Olmsted Scholar Program</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright">U.S. Department of State Fulbright Website</a>, the program's sponsor</li>
<li><a href="https://www.ed.gov/about/ed-offices/ope/ifle#Programs">Fulbright–Hays information</a>, U.S. Department of Education</li>
<li><a href="http://www.cies.org/">Fulbright Scholar Program</a>, grants for university and college faculty, administrators and professionals</li>
<li><a href="http://www.fulbrightteacherexchange.org/">Fulbright Teacher Exchange Programs</a>, K–12 Teacher Exchange</li>
<li><a href="https://scholarshipsearchers.com/fulbright-foreign-student-program-in-usa/">Fulbright Foreign Student Program in USA</a></li></ul>
Directories of past grantees
<ul><li><a href="https://alumni.state.gov">US Bureau of Educational & Cultural Affairs: International Exchange Alumni</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.cies.org/fulbright-scholars">Fulbright Scholar Directory</a></li>
<li><a href="http://us.fulbrightonline.org/component/filter/?view=filter">US Student Program</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120516072539/http://us.fulbrightonline.org/component/filter/?view=filter">Archived</a> May 16, 2012, at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">"Get Noticed Through Prestigious Scholarships". U.S. News & World Report. November 25, 2011. Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018. <a href="https://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/the-scholarship-coach/2011/11/25/get-noticed-through-prestigious-scholarships" target="_blank">https://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/the-scholarship-coach/2011/11/25/get-noticed-through-prestigious-scholarships</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">"Fulbright Scholar Program: About Us". Comparative and International Education Society. Archived from the original on June 21, 2017. Retrieved June 23, 2017. <a href="http://www.cies.org/about-us" target="_blank">http://www.cies.org/about-us</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">"IIE Programs". Institute of International Education. Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2014. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140728221410/http://www.iie.org/What-We-Do/Fellowship-And-Scholarship-Management/Programs" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20140728221410/http://www.iie.org/What-We-Do/Fellowship-And-Scholarship-Management/Programs</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">"Fulbright Program Fact Sheet" (PDF). U.S. Department of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2013. <a href="https://eca.state.gov:443/files/bureau/fulbright_fact_sheet_2.pdf" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov:443/files/bureau/fulbright_fact_sheet_2.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">"Notable Fulbrighters". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">Morello, Carol (June 8, 2017). "That knock on a congressman's door could be a Fulbright scholar with a tin cup". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/that-knock-on-a-congressmans-door-could-be-a-fulbright-scholar-with-a-tin-cup/2017/06/08/06aa1984-4baf-11e7-bc1b-fddbd8359dee_story.html" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/that-knock-on-a-congressmans-door-could-be-a-fulbright-scholar-with-a-tin-cup/2017/06/08/06aa1984-4baf-11e7-bc1b-fddbd8359dee_story.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"J. William Fulbright Quotes". Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142716/https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history/j-william-fulbright/j-william-fulbright-quotes" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142716/https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history/j-william-fulbright/j-william-fulbright-quotes</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">Arndt, Richard T. (2005). The First Resort of Kings: American Cultural Diplomacy in the Twentieth Century. Potomac Books. ISBN 9781574885873. <a href="9781574885873" target="_blank">9781574885873</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Fulbright: The Early Years". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Martin J. Manning and Herbert Romerstein, Historical dictionary of American propaganda (Greenwood, 2004) p. 193. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Fulbright: The Early Years". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on May 7, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/history</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"2024-03-07 Institute of International Education". Scholars at Risk. March 7, 2024. Retrieved August 22, 2024. <a href="https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/report/2024-03-07-institute-of-international-education/" target="_blank">https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/report/2024-03-07-institute-of-international-education/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">James, William A. (1987). "A Promising Future: The Fulbright Program with the USSR". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 491: 118–125. ISSN 0002-7162. JSTOR 1045063. <a href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1045063" target="_blank">https://www.jstor.org/stable/1045063</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Patel, Vimal (March 7, 2025). "Study Abroad Funding Is Paused, Leaving Some Students Stranded". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 8, 2025. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/07/us/study-abroad-programs-funding-trump-fulbright-gilman.html" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/07/us/study-abroad-programs-funding-trump-fulbright-gilman.html</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">"Scholars stranded in America and abroad amid funding freeze of State Department programs". AP News. March 9, 2025. Retrieved April 21, 2025. <a href="https://apnews.com/article/fulbright-scholars-stipends-frozen-indefinitely-9da042b5e0bda70fb1c76105564c71f4" target="_blank">https://apnews.com/article/fulbright-scholars-stipends-frozen-indefinitely-9da042b5e0bda70fb1c76105564c71f4</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Patton, Alison (March 7, 2025). "Many Fulbright scholars say they feel stranded after the Trump administration suspended their funding". WOUB Public Media. Retrieved March 8, 2025. <a href="https://woub.org/2025/03/07/fulbright-scholars-feel-stranded-trump-administration-suspends-funding/" target="_blank">https://woub.org/2025/03/07/fulbright-scholars-feel-stranded-trump-administration-suspends-funding/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">Patrick Jones, Ryan (June 11, 2025). "Fulbright board resigns citing interference by Trump administration". Reuters. Retrieved June 11, 2025. <a href="https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/fulbright-board-resigns-citing-interference-by-trump-administration-2025-06-11/" target="_blank">https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/fulbright-board-resigns-citing-interference-by-trump-administration-2025-06-11/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs: About Fulbright". U.S. Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on June 9, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">"Fields of Study/Project Topics". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">admin (February 16, 2020). "Fulbright Scholarship 2020 – Step-Wise Guide | Scholar Den". SD GRE Blog. Archived from the original on February 19, 2020. Retrieved February 19, 2020. <a href="https://blog.scholarden.com/fulbright-scholarship/fulbright-scholarship-2020-step-wise-guide/" target="_blank">https://blog.scholarden.com/fulbright-scholarship/fulbright-scholarship-2020-step-wise-guide/</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">Berkey, Ayden (October 30, 2020). "Fulbright U.S. Student Program". Access Scholarships. <a href="https://accessscholarships.com/scholarship/fulbright-u-s-student-program" target="_blank">https://accessscholarships.com/scholarship/fulbright-u-s-student-program</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"Top Producing Institutions". us.fulbrightonline.org. Retrieved November 4, 2020. <a href="https://topproducing.fulbrightonline.org/" target="_blank">https://topproducing.fulbrightonline.org/</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">"Fulbright Programs". Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2012. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"Fulbright Programs". Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2012. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">"Fulbright Programs". Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2012. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:26">"Fulbright Programs". Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on November 20, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2012. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-programs</a> <a href="#fnref:26" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:27">"Archived: International Education Programs Service – Fulbright–Hays Programs: The World is Our Classroom". Office of Postsecondary Education. U.S. Department of Education. January 21, 2011. Archived from the original on July 8, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2012. <a href="http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/iegps/fulbright-hays.html" target="_blank">http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ope/iegps/fulbright-hays.html</a> <a href="#fnref:27" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:28">"International and Foreign Language Education (IFLE) | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. September 6, 2024. Retrieved November 1, 2024. <a href="https://www.ed.gov/about/ed-offices/ope/ifle#Programs" target="_blank">https://www.ed.gov/about/ed-offices/ope/ifle#Programs</a> <a href="#fnref:28" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:29">"International and Foreign Language Education (IFLE) | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. September 6, 2024. Retrieved November 1, 2024. <a href="https://www.ed.gov/about/ed-offices/ope/ifle#Programs" target="_blank">https://www.ed.gov/about/ed-offices/ope/ifle#Programs</a> <a href="#fnref:29" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:30">"Fulbright–Hays—Doctoral Dissertation Research Abroad | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. Retrieved November 1, 2024. <a href="https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/grants-higher-education/ifle/fulbright-hays-doctoral-dissertation-research-abroad" target="_blank">https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/grants-higher-education/ifle/fulbright-hays-doctoral-dissertation-research-abroad</a> <a href="#fnref:30" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:31">"Fulbright–Hays Faculty Research Abroad (FRA) Program | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. Retrieved November 1, 2024. <a href="https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/grants-higher-education/ifle/fulbright-hays-faculty-research-abroad-fra-program" target="_blank">https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/grants-higher-education/ifle/fulbright-hays-faculty-research-abroad-fra-program</a> <a href="#fnref:31" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:32">"Fulbright-Hays—Group Projects Abroad Program | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. Retrieved November 1, 2024. <a href="https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/grants-higher-education/ifle/fulbright-hays-group-projects-abroad-program" target="_blank">https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/grants-higher-education/ifle/fulbright-hays-group-projects-abroad-program</a> <a href="#fnref:32" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:33">"Fulbright–Hays Seminars Abroad—Bilateral Projects | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. Retrieved November 1, 2024. <a href="https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/grants-higher-education/ifle/fulbright-hays-seminars-abroad-bilateral-projects" target="_blank">https://www.ed.gov/grants-and-programs/grants-higher-education/ifle/fulbright-hays-seminars-abroad-bilateral-projects</a> <a href="#fnref:33" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:34">"Fulbright Program Fact Sheet" (PDF). U.S. Department of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2013. <a href="https://eca.state.gov:443/files/bureau/fulbright_fact_sheet_2.pdf" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov:443/files/bureau/fulbright_fact_sheet_2.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:34" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:35">"International and Foreign Language Education (IFLE) | U.S. Department of Education". www.ed.gov. September 6, 2024. Retrieved November 1, 2024. <a href="https://www.ed.gov/about/ed-offices/ope/ifle#Programs" target="_blank">https://www.ed.gov/about/ed-offices/ope/ifle#Programs</a> <a href="#fnref:35" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:36">"Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board (FFSB)". Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. Retrieved January 29, 2024. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/fulbright-foreign-scholarship-board-ffsb" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/fulbright-foreign-scholarship-board-ffsb</a> <a href="#fnref:36" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:37">"Fulbright Commissions". Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on November 1, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2013. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/funding-and-administration/fulbright-commissions" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/funding-and-administration/fulbright-commissions</a> <a href="#fnref:37" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:38">"History | Who We Are". Institute of International Education. Archived from the original on June 16, 2012. Retrieved June 11, 2012. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616231800/http://www.iie.org/en/Who-We-Are/History" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20120616231800/http://www.iie.org/en/Who-We-Are/History</a> <a href="#fnref:38" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:39">"LASPAU". Harvard University. Archived from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018. <a href="http://www.laspau.harvard.edu/" target="_blank">http://www.laspau.harvard.edu/</a> <a href="#fnref:39" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:40">fulbrightspecialist.worldlearning.org/ <a href="#fnref:40" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:41">"Fulbright Commissions". Archived from the original on January 12, 2020. Retrieved February 21, 2020. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/funding-and-administration/fulbright-commissions" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/about-fulbright/funding-and-administration/fulbright-commissions</a> <a href="#fnref:41" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:42">"Notable Fulbrighters". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters</a> <a href="#fnref:42" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:43">"Notable Fulbrighters". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters</a> <a href="#fnref:43" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:44">"Notable Fulbrighters". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters</a> <a href="#fnref:44" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:45">"Heads of State/Government". www.State.Gov. US State Department. March 6, 2020. Archived from the original on July 21, 2019. Retrieved March 6, 2020. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters/heads-stategovernment" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters/heads-stategovernment</a> <a href="#fnref:45" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:46">"Notable Fulbrighters". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on October 20, 2022. Retrieved October 27, 2022. <a href="https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters" target="_blank">https://eca.state.gov/fulbright/fulbright-alumni/notable-fulbrighters</a> <a href="#fnref:46" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:47">"Paula K. Arai". Institute of Buddhist Studies. Berkeley, California. November 7, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2024. <a href="https://www.shin-ibs.edu/academics/faculty/parai/" target="_blank">https://www.shin-ibs.edu/academics/faculty/parai/</a> <a href="#fnref:47" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:48">Piccinnini, Douglas (2009). "Ashbery in Paris: Out of School". Jacket 2. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved October 8, 2015. <a href="http://jacketmagazine.com/37/piccinnini-ashbery.shtml" target="_blank">http://jacketmagazine.com/37/piccinnini-ashbery.shtml</a> <a href="#fnref:48" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:49">"Fernando Henrique Cardoso". Fulbright Association. Archived from the original on November 11, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014. <a href="http://members.fulbright.org/?prize_cardosa" target="_blank">http://members.fulbright.org/?prize_cardosa</a> <a href="#fnref:49" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:50">"Featured Fulbrighter – Kyle Carey". Fulbright Canada. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <a href="http://www.fulbright.ca/featured-fulbrighters/ms-kyle-carey/364.html" target="_blank">http://www.fulbright.ca/featured-fulbrighters/ms-kyle-carey/364.html</a> <a href="#fnref:50" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:51">Adams, Vanessa (August 29, 2017). "Announcing our Inaugural Conference Keynote – Professor the Hon Bob Carr". Fulbright Australia. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <a href="https://fulbrightalumni.org.au/news/5053477" target="_blank">https://fulbrightalumni.org.au/news/5053477</a> <a href="#fnref:51" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:52">"ADJOURNMENT". <a href="http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=CHAMBER;id=chamber%2Fhansardr%2F1999-10-21%2F0097;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2F1999-10-21%2F0091%22" target="_blank">http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=CHAMBER;id=chamber%2Fhansardr%2F1999-10-21%2F0097;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2F1999-10-21%2F0091%22</a> <a href="#fnref:52" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:53">"Traps by Lenora Champagne". Old Stone House. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <a href="http://theoldstonehouse.org/event/traps-by-lenora-champagne/" target="_blank">http://theoldstonehouse.org/event/traps-by-lenora-champagne/</a> <a href="#fnref:53" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:54">"Chialvo Named Fellow of the American Physical Society". Northwestern University. January 22, 2008. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <a href="https://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2008/01/chialvo.html" target="_blank">https://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2008/01/chialvo.html</a> <a href="#fnref:54" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:55">Lewis, Jo Ann (February 23, 1996). "Glass that'll bowl you over". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/02/23/glass-thatll-bowl-you-over/9b32d960-8a19-4929-ba2a-2a947f59ad97/" target="_blank">https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/02/23/glass-thatll-bowl-you-over/9b32d960-8a19-4929-ba2a-2a947f59ad97/</a> <a href="#fnref:55" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:56">"J. William Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board 1998". The Chronicle of Higher Education. March 26, 1999. Retrieved September 23, 2024. <a href="https://www.https://www.chronicle.com/article/j-william-fulbright-foreign-scholarship-board-28377//" target="_blank">https://www.https://www.chronicle.com/article/j-william-fulbright-foreign-scholarship-board-28377//</a> <a href="#fnref:56" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:57">"In memoriam: George Carver Clerk, 87". Nature Research Ecology & Evolution Community. June 13, 2019. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2019. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804054905/https://natureecoevocommunity.nature.com/posts/49989-in-memoriam-george-carver-clerk-87" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20200804054905/https://natureecoevocommunity.nature.com/posts/49989-in-memoriam-george-carver-clerk-87</a> <a href="#fnref:57" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:58">"Obituary of George Carver Clerk, 1931–2019" (PDF). ISPP Newsletter. 49 (7). International Society for Plant Pathology: 5. July 2019. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 1, 2019. Retrieved July 1, 2019. <a href="https://www.isppweb.org/newsletters/pdf/49_7.pdf" target="_blank">https://www.isppweb.org/newsletters/pdf/49_7.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:58" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:59">"2006 Fellowship Recipients". University of Southern California. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 9, 2018. <a href="https://ahf.usc.edu/recipients/2006-2/" target="_blank">https://ahf.usc.edu/recipients/2006-2/</a> <a href="#fnref:59" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:60">"George Clerk | Fulbright Scholar Program". <a href="https://cies.org/grantee/george-clerk" target="_blank">https://cies.org/grantee/george-clerk</a> <a href="#fnref:60" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:61">"'New' alumnus wins prestigious Fulbright postgraduate award". New College, University of New South Wales. Retrieved October 28, 2012. <a href="http://www.newcollege.unsw.edu.au/news/award/new-alumnus-wins-prestigious-fulbright-postgraduate-award" target="_blank">http://www.newcollege.unsw.edu.au/news/award/new-alumnus-wins-prestigious-fulbright-postgraduate-award</a> <a href="#fnref:61" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:62">"Arthur Emillien Deshaies". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Spartanburg, South Carolina. August 3, 2011. p. 4. <a href="#fnref:62" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:63">{{Fisher, April. “From archeology sites to comic book pages: Burlington cartoonist Glynnis 
Fawkes.” Burlington Free Press. January 19, 2023. https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/life/2023/01/19/from-artifact-to-comic-book-art-burlington-cartoonist-glynnis-fawkes/69815288007/.}} <a href="https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/life/2023/01/19/from-artifact-to-comic-book-art-burlington-cartoonist-glynnis-fawkes/69815288007/.}}" target="_blank">https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/life/2023/01/19/from-artifact-to-comic-book-art-burlington-cartoonist-glynnis-fawkes/69815288007/.}}</a> <a href="#fnref:63" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:64">"Ashraf Ghani Fast Facts". CNN. December 30, 2019. Archived from the original on February 26, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2020. <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/08/world/ashraf-ghani-fast-facts/index.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnn.com/2014/12/08/world/ashraf-ghani-fast-facts/index.html</a> <a href="#fnref:64" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:65">Jaldin, Marcelo (November 13, 2022). "Premio Walter Gonzalez: la Excelencia Académica de Ingenieria Civil" [Walter Gonzalez Prize: Academic Excellence in Civil Engineering]. La Razon (in Spanish). La Paz, Bolivia. Retrieved September 21, 2023. <a href="https://www.la-razon.com/la-revista/2022/11/13/premio-walter-gonzalez-la-excelencia-academica-de-ingenieria-civil/" target="_blank">https://www.la-razon.com/la-revista/2022/11/13/premio-walter-gonzalez-la-excelencia-academica-de-ingenieria-civil/</a> <a href="#fnref:65" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:66">Bayfield, Tony. "Greengross [married name Katz, later Kates], Wendy Elsa (1925–2012)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). OUP. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/106704. Retrieved November 26, 2017. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/106704" target="_blank">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/106704</a> <a href="#fnref:66" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:67">"Two S.F. Fulbrights Going to India". Newspapers.com. May 17, 1967. Retrieved March 3, 2022. <a href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96688146/two-sf-fulbrights-going-to-india/" target="_blank">https://www.newspapers.com/clip/96688146/two-sf-fulbrights-going-to-india/</a> <a href="#fnref:67" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:68">Luckett, Dudley (July 30, 2021). "Hoyt, Elizabeth Ellis". pubpub.org. Retrieved April 20, 2025. <a href="https://isubios.pubpub.org/pub/zsgo3ul3/release/1" target="_blank">https://isubios.pubpub.org/pub/zsgo3ul3/release/1</a> <a href="#fnref:68" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:69">"Strong Heart of Glass – Michael Janis". Fulbright.org. May 28, 2021. Retrieved January 4, 2023. <a href="https://fulbright.org/2021/07/19/strong-heart-of-glass-michael-janis-united-kingdom-2012/" target="_blank">https://fulbright.org/2021/07/19/strong-heart-of-glass-michael-janis-united-kingdom-2012/</a> <a href="#fnref:69" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:70">Klotz, Suzanne. "Fulbright Scholar". Fulbright Scholar Program. Archived from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved March 18, 2016. <a href="http://www.cies.org/fulbright-scholars?field_scholar_type_tid%5B%5D=1&field_first_name_value=Suzanne&field_last_name_value=Klotz&field_field_of_study_term_tid=All&title=&field_project_title_value=&title_1=&field_grant_dates_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_grant_dates_value2%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=" target="_blank">http://www.cies.org/fulbright-scholars?field_scholar_type_tid%5B%5D=1&field_first_name_value=Suzanne&field_last_name_value=Klotz&field_field_of_study_term_tid=All&title=&field_project_title_value=&title_1=&field_grant_dates_value%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=&field_grant_dates_value2%5Bvalue%5D%5Bdate%5D=</a> <a href="#fnref:70" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:71">"Carrie Lam: Hong Kong leader who ushered in era of Beijing's supremacy". Straits Times. April 4, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2022. <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/carrie-lam-hong-kong-leader-who-ushered-in-era-of-beijings-supremacy" target="_blank">https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/carrie-lam-hong-kong-leader-who-ushered-in-era-of-beijings-supremacy</a> <a href="#fnref:71" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:72">Oldknow, Tina. "Meet the Artist: Karen LaMonte". Corning Museum of Glass. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved February 28, 2008. <a href="https://www.cmog.org/transcript/meet-artist-karen-lamonte" target="_blank">https://www.cmog.org/transcript/meet-artist-karen-lamonte</a> <a href="#fnref:72" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:73">Juntin Wintle, Makers of modern culture, Routledge 2002. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=991tT3wSot0C&dq=Makers%20of%20modern%20culture%20By%20Justin%20Wintle&pg=PP1" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=991tT3wSot0C&dq=Makers%20of%20modern%20culture%20By%20Justin%20Wintle&pg=PP1</a> <a href="#fnref:73" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:74">https://www.themarksproject.org/marks/orr <a href="https://www.themarksproject.org/marks/orr" target="_blank">https://www.themarksproject.org/marks/orr</a> <a href="#fnref:74" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:75">"Laurels". Tufts Magazine. Medford, MA. 2010. ISSN 1535-5063. OCLC 45710313. Archived from the original on December 19, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2013. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101219213507/http://www.tufts.edu/alumni/magazine/fall2010/planet-tufts/laurels.html" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20101219213507/http://www.tufts.edu/alumni/magazine/fall2010/planet-tufts/laurels.html</a> <a href="#fnref:75" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:76">"Fulbrighters & Pulitzer Prize Winners". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on June 16, 2012. Retrieved October 28, 2012. <a href="https://fulbright.state.gov/notable-alumni/pulitzer-prize-winners" target="_blank">https://fulbright.state.gov/notable-alumni/pulitzer-prize-winners</a> <a href="#fnref:76" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:77">"Fulbrighters & Pulitzer Prize Winners". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on June 16, 2012. Retrieved October 28, 2012. <a href="https://fulbright.state.gov/notable-alumni/pulitzer-prize-winners" target="_blank">https://fulbright.state.gov/notable-alumni/pulitzer-prize-winners</a> <a href="#fnref:77" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:78">Gray, Jeffrey (2005). Mastery's End: Travel and Postwar American Poetry. Athens, GA: UGA Press. p. 145. ISBN 9780820326634. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2015. <a href="9780820326634" target="_blank">9780820326634</a> <a href="#fnref:78" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

Fulbright Program open-in-new

Fulbright Program