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Multimedia database
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<h2 id="contents-of-mmdb">Contents of MMDB</h2> <p>A Multimedia Database (MMDB) hosts one or more <a href="/facts/Multimedia/PtJteq27">multimedia</a> <a href="/facts/Data_types/fcx5hgVL">data types</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> (i.e. text, images, graphic objects, audio, video, animation sequences). These <a href="/facts/Data_types/fcx5hgVL">data types</a> are broadly categorized into <i>three classes</i>: </p> <ul><li>Static media<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> (time-independent: <a href="/facts/Image/fY9DudpT">image</a> and <a href="/facts/Graphic/1V76IF8J">graphic</a> object).</li> <li>Dynamic media<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> (time-dependent: <a href="/facts/Sound/DlKXlPuF">audio</a>, <a href="/facts/Video/F1AV8ben">video</a> and <a href="/facts/Animation/093f9nUg">animation</a>).</li> <li>Dimensional media<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a>(3D game and <a href="/facts/Computer_aided_drafting/5gSXrmmN">computer aided drafting</a> programs).</li></ul> <h3>Comparison of multimedia data types</h3> <table><tbody><tr><th>Medium</th><th>Elements</th><th>Time-dependence</th></tr><tr><td>Graphic</td><td>Vectors, regions</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>Image</td><td>Pixels</td><td>No</td></tr><tr><td>Audio</td><td>Sound, Volume</td><td>Yes</td></tr><tr><td>Video</td><td>Raster images, graphics</td><td>Yes</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Additionally, a Multimedia Database (MMDB) needs to manage additional information pertaining to the actual multimedia data. The information is about the following: </p> <ul><li>Media data: the actual data representing an object.</li> <li>Media format data: information about the <a href="/facts/File_format/qrXbwJaH">format</a> of the media data after it goes through the acquisition, processing, and encoding phases.</li> <li>Media keyword data: the <a href="/facts/Keyword_(search)/fRqKUggI">keyword</a> descriptions, usually relating to the generation of the media data.</li> <li>Media feature data: content dependent data such as contain information about the distribution of colours, the kinds of textures and the different shapes present in an image.</li></ul> <p>The last three types are called <a href="/facts/Metadata/qt35z79C">metadata</a> as they describe several different aspects of the media data. The media <a href="/facts/Reserved_word/pHDlUUgY">keyword</a> data and media feature data are used as <a href="/facts/Index_(publishing)/amN9DI6s">indices</a> for searching purpose. The media format data is used to present the retrieved information. </p> <h2 id="requirements-of-multimedia-databases">Requirements of Multimedia databases</h2> <p>Like the traditional <a href="/facts/Databases/VYcpkevb">databases</a>, Multimedia databases should address the following requirements: </p> <ul><li>Integration <ul><li>Data items do not need to be duplicated for different programs invocations</li></ul></li> <li>Data independence <ul><li>Separate the database and the management from the application programs</li></ul></li> <li>Concurrency control <ul><li>Allows concurrent transactions</li></ul></li> <li>Persistence <ul><li>Data objects can be saved and re-used by different transactions and program invocations</li></ul></li> <li>Privacy <ul><li>Access and authorization control</li></ul></li> <li>Integrity control <ul><li>Ensures <a href="/facts/Database/VYcpkevb">database</a> consistency between transactions</li></ul></li> <li>Recovery <ul><li>Failures of transactions should not affect the <a href="/facts/Persistence_(computer_science)/frF0o2q2">persistent</a> data storage</li></ul></li> <li>Query support <ul><li>Allows easy querying of multimedia data</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Multimedia databases should have the ability to uniformly <a href="/facts/Information_retrieval/MFSmpeNw">query</a> data (media data, <a href="/facts/Textual_data/bYeEQQdh">textual data</a>) represented in different formats and have the ability to simultaneously <a href="/facts/Information_retrieval/MFSmpeNw">query</a> different media sources and conduct classical <a href="/facts/Database/VYcpkevb">database</a> operations across them. <i>(<a href="/facts/Information_retrieval/MFSmpeNw">Query</a> support)</i> </p><p>They should have the ability to retrieve media objects from a local storage device in a good manner. <i>(Storage support)</i> </p><p>They should have the ability to take the response generated by a <a href="/facts/Information_retrieval/MFSmpeNw">query</a> and develop a presentation of that response in terms of <a href="/facts/Audio-visual/7BPs5I28">audio-visual</a> media and have the ability to deliver this presentation. <i>(Presentation and delivery support)</i> </p> <h2 id="issues-and-challenges">Issues and challenges</h2> <ul><li>Multimedia data consists of a variety of media <a href="/facts/File_format/qrXbwJaH">formats</a> or file representations including <a href="/facts/TIFF/TjBJcLeT">TIFF</a>, <a href="/facts/BMP_file_format/I4LtCFLk">BMP</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_PowerPoint/putuX423">PPT</a>, <a href="/facts/IVUE/kkEkuQX8">IVUE</a>, <a href="/facts/FlashPix/JPNjfbFN">FPX</a>, <a href="/facts/JPEG/HQ8QS3uB">JPEG</a>, <a href="/facts/MPEG/ygmT7JBB">MPEG</a>, <a href="/facts/Audio_Video_Interleave/2pr8AoRT">AVI</a>, <a href="/facts/MIDI/tblhmeFV">MID</a>, <a href="/facts/WAV/ptUfKleW">WAV</a>, <a href="/facts/Doc_(computing)/dzG1cNc4">DOC</a>, <a href="/facts/GIF/HfIBWrIC">GIF</a>, <a href="/facts/Encapsulated_PostScript/MxugDBHI">EPS</a>, <a href="/facts/Portable_Network_Graphics/mwgK6xw5">PNG</a>, etc. Because of restrictions on the conversion from one <a href="/facts/File_format/qrXbwJaH">format</a> to the other, the use of the data in a specific <a href="/facts/File_format/qrXbwJaH">format</a> has been limited as well. Usually, the data size of multimedia is large such as video; therefore, multimedia data often require a large storage.</li> <li>Multimedia database consume a lot of processing time, as well as bandwidth.</li> <li>Some multimedia <a href="/facts/Data_types/fcx5hgVL">data types</a> such as video, audio, and animation sequences have temporal requirements that have implications on their storage, manipulation and presentation, but <a href="/facts/Image/fY9DudpT">images</a>, <a href="/facts/Video/F1AV8ben">video</a> and <a href="/facts/Graphics/1V76IF8J">graphics</a> data have special constraints in terms of their content.</li></ul> <h2 id="application-areas">Application areas</h2> <p>Examples of multimedia database application areas: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Digital_library/aBCP81In">Digital Libraries</a></li> <li>News-on-Demand</li> <li><a href="/facts/Video-on-Demand/jWQq1o80">Video-on-Demand</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Music_database/jub09ynw">Music database</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Geographic_Information_Systems/PoP1kVoa">Geographic Information Systems (GIS)</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Telemedicine/zVSkAFrz">Telemedicine</a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Databases/VYcpkevb">Databases</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Multimedia/PtJteq27">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Oracle_Multimedia/nBBFtjnW">Oracle Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Spatial_database/wzPAetLd">Spatial database</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Spatiotemporal_database/eUmzgrGo">Spatiotemporal database</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Yu, Chien; Teri Brandenburg (February 2011). "Multimedia database applications: issues and concerns for classroom teaching". 3 (1): 2. arXiv:1102.5769. Bibcode:2011arXiv1102.5769Y. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Adjeroh, Donald; Nwosu, Kingsley (1997). "Multimedia Database Management - Requirements and Issues" (PDF). IEEE MultiMedia. 4 (3): 1. doi:10.1109/93.621580. Retrieved 28 May 2014. <a href="http://www.thenwosus.com/papers/reqsissues.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.thenwosus.com/papers/reqsissues.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Multimedia Database". Tech-faq.com. Retrieved 4 May 2014. <a href="http://www.tech-faq.com/multimedia-database.html" target="_blank">http://www.tech-faq.com/multimedia-database.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Multimedia Database". Tech-faq.com. Retrieved 4 May 2014. <a href="http://www.tech-faq.com/multimedia-database.html" target="_blank">http://www.tech-faq.com/multimedia-database.html</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Multimedia Database". Tech-faq.com. Retrieved 4 May 2014. <a href="http://www.tech-faq.com/multimedia-database.html" target="_blank">http://www.tech-faq.com/multimedia-database.html</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Multimedia Database". Tech-faq.com. Retrieved 4 May 2014. <a href="http://www.tech-faq.com/multimedia-database.html" target="_blank">http://www.tech-faq.com/multimedia-database.html</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>