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Chemistry Development Kit
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>The CDK was created by <a href="/facts/Christoph_Steinbeck/2jfDEWdw">Christoph Steinbeck</a>, Egon Willighagen and Dan Gezelter, then developers of <a href="/facts/Jmol/Ek2m784k">Jmol</a> and <a href="/facts/JChemPaint/N2DA3nlC">JChemPaint</a>, to provide a common code base, on 27–29 September 2000 at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Notre_Dame/oplPM5R2">University of Notre Dame</a>. The first source code release was made on 11 May 2011.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Since then more than 100 people have contributed to the project,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> leading to a rich set of functions, as given below. Between 2004 and 2007, <i>CDK News</i> was the project's newsletter of which all articles are available from a public archive.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> Due to an unsteady rate of contributions, the newsletter was put on hold. </p> <p>Later, unit testing, code quality checking, and <a href="/facts/Javadoc/pm72Xvlf">Javadoc</a> validation was introduced. Rajarshi Guha developed a nightly build system, named Nightly, which is still operating at <a href="/facts/Uppsala_University/zQbWhyqc">Uppsala University</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> In 2012, the project became a support of the <a href="/facts/InChI_Trust/6yR96JYR">InChI Trust</a>, to encourage continued development. The library uses JNI-InChI<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> to generate <a href="/facts/International_Chemical_Identifier/6yR96JYR">International Chemical Identifiers</a> (InChIs).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> In April 2013, John Mayfield (né May) joined the ranks of release managers of the CDK, to handle the development branch.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="library">Library</h2> <p>The CDK is a library, instead of a user program. However, it has been integrated into various environments to make its functions available. CDK is currently used in several applications, including the programming language <a href="/facts/R_(programming_language)/LSrkr8K8">R</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> CDK-Taverna (a <a href="/facts/Taverna_workbench/Y2v63Cax">Taverna workbench</a> plugin),<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Bioclipse/BevNhVk0">Bioclipse</a>, PaDEL,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> and Cinfony.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> Also, CDK extensions exist for Konstanz Information Miner (<a href="/facts/KNIME/232lez5G">KNIME</a>)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> and for <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Excel/Ezal6G75">Excel</a>, called LICSS (<a href="https://github.com/KevinLawson/excel-cdk">[1]</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p><p>In 2008, bits of GPL-licensed code were removed from the library. While those code bits were independent from the main CDK library, and no copylefting was involved, to reduce confusions among users, the ChemoJava project was instantiated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="major-features">Major features</h2> <h3>Chemoinformatics</h3> <ul><li>2D <a href="/facts/Molecule_editor/0qIez2t8">molecule editor</a> and generator</li> <li>3D geometry generation</li> <li>ring finding<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Substructure_search/86LLWRg4">substructure search</a> using exact structures and <a href="/facts/Smiles_arbitrary_target_specification/Kcs0K6AJ">Smiles arbitrary target specification</a> (SMARTS) like <a href="/facts/Query_language/Sa6K4xXM">query language</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/QSAR/6RDyCQDD">QSAR</a> descriptor calculation<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a></li> <li>fingerprint calculation, including the ECFP and FCFP fingerprints<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Force_field_(chemistry)/p9u8nVk8">force field</a> calculations</li> <li>many input-output <a href="/facts/Chemical_file_format/3G2T4rSk">chemical file formats</a>, including <a href="/facts/Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system/NUzV73WA">simplified molecular-input line-entry system</a> (SMILES), <a href="/facts/Chemical_Markup_Language/40QHM0HD">Chemical Markup Language</a> (CML), and <a href="/facts/Chemical_table_file/WG8N7EhF">chemical table file</a> (MDL)</li> <li>structure generators<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/International_Chemical_Identifier/6yR96JYR">International Chemical Identifier</a> support, via JNI-InChI</li></ul> <h3>Bioinformatics</h3> <ul><li>protein active site detection</li> <li>cognate ligand detection<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a></li> <li>metabolite identification<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a></li> <li>pathway databases</li> <li>2D and 3D protein descriptors<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a></li></ul> <h3>General</h3> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a> wrapper; see Cinfony</li> <li><a href="/facts/Ruby_(programming_language)/BeYSaPSR">Ruby</a> wrapper</li> <li>active <a href="/facts/User_community/D4cucP5G">user community</a></li></ul> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Bioclipse/BevNhVk0">Bioclipse</a> – an Eclipse–RCP based chemo-bioinformatics workbench</li> <li><a href="/facts/Blue_Obelisk/jFsNzu6v">Blue Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/JChemPaint/N2DA3nlC">JChemPaint</a> – Java 2D <a href="/facts/Molecule_editor/0qIez2t8">molecule editor</a>, applet and application</li> <li><a href="/facts/Jmol/Ek2m784k">Jmol</a> – Java 3D renderer, applet and application</li> <li><a href="/facts/JOELib/asMad3RY">JOELib</a> – Java version of <a href="/facts/Open_Babel/nmXftGXx">Open Babel</a>, <a href="/facts/OELib/z6CtxcxY">OELib</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_free_and_open-source_software_packages/l3x4PXwn">List of free and open-source software packages</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/List_of_software_for_molecular_mechanics_modeling/RabeF7vR">List of software for molecular mechanics modeling</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://github.com/cdk">Official website</a></li> <li><a href="https://archive.today/20121225081348/http://apps.sourceforge.net/mediawiki/cdk">CDK Wiki</a> – the community wiki</li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101107071751/http://pele.farmbio.uu.se/planetcdk/">Planet CDK</a> - a blog planet</li> <li><a href="https://www.simolecule.com/cdkdepict/depict.html">CDK Depict</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.openscience.org/">OpenScience.org</a></li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Steinbeck, C.; Han, Y. Q.; Kuhn, S.; Horlacher, O.; Luttmann, E.; Willighagen, E. L. (2003). "The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK): An open-source Java library for chemo- and bioinformatics". Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences. 43 (2): 493–500. doi:10.1021/ci025584y. PMC 4901983. PMID 12653513. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4901983" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4901983</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Willighagen, Egon L.; Mayfield, John W.; Alvarsson, Jonathan; Berg, Arvid; Carlsson, Lars; Jeliazkova, Nina; Kuhn, Stefan; Pluskal, Tomáš; Rojas-Chertó, Miquel (2017-06-06). "The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK) v2.0: atom typing, depiction, molecular formulas, and substructure searching". Journal of Cheminformatics. 9 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/s13321-017-0220-4. ISSN 1758-2946. PMC 5461230. PMID 29086040. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5461230" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5461230</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"The Chemistry Development Kit - Browse /OldFiles at SourceForge.net". <a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/cdk/files/OldFiles/" target="_blank">http://sourceforge.net/projects/cdk/files/OldFiles/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"The Chemistry Development Kit (CDK)". GitHub. 12 October 2021. <a href="https://github.com/cdk/cdk/blob/master/AUTHORS.txt" target="_blank">https://github.com/cdk/cdk/blob/master/AUTHORS.txt</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"The Chemistry Development Kit - Browse /CDK News at SourceForge.net". <a href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdk/files/CDK%20News/" target="_blank">https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdk/files/CDK%20News/</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"CDK 1.5.x Nightly Build - 2013-05-10 (21:21) [Commit 2abcb5d61304e58d55ea26a23ebd0d375deea36d]". Archived from the original on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2013-08-05. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524042151/http://pele.farmbio.uu.se/nightly/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20130524042151/http://pele.farmbio.uu.se/nightly/</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Home". jni-inchi.sourceforge.net. <a href="http://jni-inchi.sourceforge.net/" target="_blank">http://jni-inchi.sourceforge.net/</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Spjuth, O.; Berg, A.; Adams, S.; Willighagen, E. L. (2013). "Applications of the InChI in cheminformatics with the CDK and Bioclipse". Journal of Cheminformatics. 5 (1): 14. doi:10.1186/1758-2946-5-14. PMC 3674901. PMID 23497723. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674901" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674901</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"John May is now release manager of CDK 1.5.x". <a href="http://chem-bla-ics.blogspot.nl/2013/04/john-may-is-now-release-manager-of-cdk.html" target="_blank">http://chem-bla-ics.blogspot.nl/2013/04/john-may-is-now-release-manager-of-cdk.html</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Guha, R. (2007). "Chemical informatics functionality in R". Journal of Statistical Software. 18 (5): 1–16. doi:10.18637/jss.v018.i05. <a href="https://doi.org/10.18637%2Fjss.v018.i05" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.18637%2Fjss.v018.i05</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Kuhn, T.; Willighagen, E. L.; Zielesny, A.; Steinbeck, C. (2010). "CDK-Taverna: an open workflow environment for cheminformatics". BMC Bioinformatics. 11: 159. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-159. PMC 2862046. PMID 20346188. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862046" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2862046</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>Yap, C. W. (2011). "PaDEL-descriptor: An open source software to calculate molecular descriptors and fingerprints". Journal of Computational Chemistry. 32 (7): 1466–74. doi:10.1002/jcc.21707. PMID 21425294. S2CID 206032727. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjcc.21707" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjcc.21707</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>O'Boyle, Noel M (2008). "Cinfony – combining Open Source cheminformatics toolkits behind a common interface". Chemistry Central Journal. 2 (1): 24. doi:10.1186/1752-153X-2-24. PMC 2646723. PMID 19055766. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646723" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2646723</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>Beisken, S.; Meinl, T.; Wiswedel, B.; De Figueiredo, L. F.; Berthold, M.; Steinbeck, C. (2013). "KNIME-CDK: Workflow-driven Cheminformatics". BMC Bioinformatics. 14: 257. doi:10.1186/1471-2105-14-257. PMC 3765822. PMID 24103053. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3765822" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3765822</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Lawson, K. R.; Lawson, J. (2012). "LICSS - a chemical spreadsheet in microsoft excel". Journal of Cheminformatics. 4 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/1758-2946-4-3. PMC 3310842. PMID 22301088. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3310842" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3310842</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>ChemoJava <a href="https://github.com/egonw/chemojava" target="_blank">https://github.com/egonw/chemojava</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:17"><p>Berger, Franziska; Flamm, Christoph; Gleiss, Petra M.; Leydold, Josef; Stadler, Peter F. (March 2004). "Counterexamples in Chemical Ring Perception". Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Sciences. 44 (2): 323–331. doi:10.1021/ci030405d. PMID 15032507. <a href="http://ul.qucosa.de/api/qucosa%3A33096/attachment/ATT-0/" target="_blank">http://ul.qucosa.de/api/qucosa%3A33096/attachment/ATT-0/</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:18"><p>May, John W; Steinbeck, Christoph (2014). "Efficient ring perception for the Chemistry Development Kit". Journal of Cheminformatics. 6 (1): 3. doi:10.1186/1758-2946-6-3. PMC 3922685. PMID 24479757. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922685" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3922685</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:19"><p>Steinbeck, C.; Hoppe, C.; Kuhn, S.; Floris, M.; Guha, R.; Willighagen, E. L. (2006). "Recent developments of the chemistry development kit (CDK) — an open-source java library for chemo- and bioinformatics". Curr. Pharm. Des. 12 (17): 2111–20. doi:10.2174/138161206777585274. hdl:2066/35445. PMID 16796559. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Guangli, M.; Yiyu, C. (2006). "Predicting Caco-2 permeability using support vector machine and chemistry development kit". J Pharm Pharm Sci. 9 (2): 210–21. 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