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1557 in science
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<h2 id="exploration">Exploration</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/List_of_Ottoman_admirals/vSEkT5Ah">Ottoman admiral</a> <a href="/facts/Seydi_Ali_Reis/18BrPS3N">Seydi Ali Reis</a> writes <i><a href="/facts/Mirat_ul_Memalik/9K6m9ahT">Mirat ul Memalik</a></i> ("Mirror of Countries") describing the lands he has seen on his way back from <a href="/facts/India/QW4TV4sy">India</a> to <a href="/facts/Constantinople/fLcY371n">Constantinople</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/German_people/F7mBCrJ4">German</a> adventurer <a href="/facts/Hans_Staden/gyVXP9fJ">Hans Staden</a> publishes an account of his detention by the <a href="/facts/Tup%25C3%25AD_people/CPkejhVS">Tupí people</a> of <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a>, <i>Warhaftige Historia und beschreibung eyner Landtschafft der Wilden Nacketen, Grimmigen Menschfresser-Leuthen in der Newenwelt America gelegen</i> ("True Story and Description of a Country of Wild, Naked, Grim, Man-eating People in the New World, America"), in <a href="/facts/Marburg/XSAjT1NP">Marburg</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/French_people/984axQ8y">French</a> <a href="/facts/Franciscan/gwohhd4C">Franciscan</a> traveller <a href="/facts/Andr%25C3%25A9_Th%25C3%25A9vet/bqLTuKPV">André Thévet</a> publishes <i>Les Singularitez de la France antarctique</i> in <a href="/facts/Paris/DrNHpwnA">Paris</a> describing <a href="/facts/Brazil/QHkG46GL">Brazil</a> and its native plants and animals such as <a href="/facts/Manioc/KvjKQDkV">manioc</a>, <a href="/facts/Pineapple/LIAWHdQm">pineapples</a>, <a href="/facts/Peanut/dMd0XWsu">peanuts</a>, <a href="/facts/Tobacco/bTD4RUPQ">tobacco</a> and the <a href="/facts/Macaw/vrgJ2upk">macaw</a>, <a href="/facts/Toucan/msXNARk0">toucan</a>, <a href="/facts/Sloth/r97Q11Ls">sloth</a> and <a href="/facts/Tapir/FHt3a1Yj">tapir</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="life-sciences">Life sciences</h2> <ul><li>French <a href="/facts/Naturalist/pSlAvbTX">naturalist</a> <a href="/facts/Pierre_Belon/fkbAz31p">Pierre Belon</a> publishes <i>Portraicts d’oyseaux, animaux, serpens, herbes, arbres, hommes et femmes d'Arabie et d'Égypte observez par P. Belon du Mans, le tout enrichi de quatrains pour la plus facile cognoissance des Oyseaux et autres portraicts</i> in Paris.</li> <li>German <a href="/facts/Botanist/PaIRoxnb">botanist</a> <a href="/facts/Adam_Lonicer/RzERnKTf">Adam Lonicer</a> publishes his revision of <a href="/facts/Eucharius_R%25C3%25B6sslin/b8oHtvlg">Rösslin</a>'s <a href="/facts/Herbal/1wRwSWnc">herbal</a>, the <i>Kräuterbuch</i>, a large part dealing with <a href="/facts/Distillation/plDvUMxn">distillation</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/English_people/IeI9c7BK">English</a> <a href="/facts/Chorister/2n36Fdkw">chorister</a> and agriculturalist <a href="/facts/Thomas_Tusser/KLuhcemG">Thomas Tusser</a> publishes his instructional poem <i>A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie</i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="mathematics">Mathematics</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Wales/xa3W6PHH">Welsh</a>-born <a href="/facts/Physician/qJ3woFvG">physician</a> and mathematician <a href="/facts/Robert_Recorde/fLnLhLnY">Robert Recorde</a> publishes <i><a href="/facts/The_Whetstone_of_Witte/HUIlrgXf">The Whetstone of Witte</a></i> in <a href="/facts/London/KozCCsy9">London</a>, the first English book on <a href="/facts/Algebra/nMdqczjo">algebra</a>, containing the first recorded use of the <a href="/facts/Equals_sign/AweYSg9h">equals sign</a> and also the first use in <a href="/facts/English_language/tpkxGt7b">English</a> of <a href="/facts/Plus_and_minus_signs/6RJD4Xt9">plus and minus signs</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="medicine">Medicine</h2> <ul><li>August 10 – French surgeon <a href="/facts/Ambroise_Par%25C3%25A9/kMgbwk9z">Ambroise Paré</a>, at the <a href="/facts/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1557)/BfmeAJBg">Battle of St. Quentin</a>, notes that certain <a href="/facts/Maggot/NNnj9qto">maggots</a> assist the healing of wounds.</li> <li><a href="/facts/1557_influenza_pandemic/WETMPM29">1557 influenza pandemic</a> spreads worldwide.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a></li> <li>Imperial <a href="/facts/Italian_people/dsdUeJ1n">Italian</a> physician <a href="/facts/Giulio_Alessandrini/Ccnv8qLg">Giulio Alessandrini</a> (a follower of <a href="/facts/Galen/9gDqPdwl">Galen</a>) publishes <i>De medicina et medico dialogus</i> in <a href="/facts/Zurich/dXpgq7df">Zurich</a>.</li> <li><i>Plusquam commentum in parvam Galeni artem</i> by <a href="/facts/Turisanus/UAK8ptAn">Turisanus</a> Florentinus (died c. 1320) is printed in <a href="/facts/Venice/Xzc2uVDg">Venice</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="metallurgy">Metallurgy</h2> <ul><li>First European reference to <a href="/facts/Platinum/qJC6lQf7">platinum</a>, in the writings of <a href="/facts/Italy/tUf0PDYF">Italian</a>-born humanist <a href="/facts/Julius_Caesar_Scaliger/X4zG3ddT">Julius Caesar Scaliger</a> as a description of an unknown <a href="/facts/Noble_metals/Pe9EKIvU">noble metal</a> found between <a href="/facts/Dari%25C3%25A9n_Province/jva0msbC">Darién</a> and <a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh">Mexico</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="births">Births</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Cristobal_Lechuga/loy0MBPW">Cristóbal Lechuga</a> - soldier and mathematician, known to have published a treaty of artillery and fortification.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="deaths">Deaths</h2> <ul><li>September 1 – <a href="/facts/Jacques_Cartier/5aYLNseA">Jacques Cartier</a>, <a href="/facts/Breton_people/0yN9dlNg">Breton</a> explorer (born 1491)</li> <li>December 13 – <a href="/facts/Niccol%25C3%25B2_Fontana_Tartaglia/BsB0Kupr">Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia</a>, Italian <a href="/facts/Mathematician/eaFSR8Fx">mathematician</a> (born 1499/<a href="/facts/1500_in_science/bnCfLR8x">1500</a>)</li> <li><i>probable date</i> – <a href="/facts/Sebastian_Cabot_(explorer)/U9r46f0N">Sebastian Cabot</a>, <a href="/facts/Republic_of_Venice/5aqUw6gJ">Venetian</a> explorer (born c. 1474)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 246–7. ISBN 0-671-74919-6. <a href="0-671-74919-6" target="_blank">0-671-74919-6</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 246–7. ISBN 0-671-74919-6. <a href="0-671-74919-6" target="_blank">0-671-74919-6</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Acheson, David (2002). 1089 And All That. Oxford University Press. p. 33. ISBN 0-19-851623-1. <a href="0-19-851623-1" target="_blank">0-19-851623-1</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Grun, Bernard (1991). The Timetables of History (3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 246–7. ISBN 0-671-74919-6. <a href="0-671-74919-6" target="_blank">0-671-74919-6</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>French, Roger Kenneth (Winter 2001). "Ancients and Moderns in the Medical Sciences: from Hippocrates to Harvey". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 75 (4): 450. doi:10.1353/bhm.2001.0168. S2CID 72630641. note 15 <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Weeks, M. E. (1968). Discovery of the Elements (7th ed.). Journal of Chemical Education. pp. 385–407. ISBN 0-8486-8579-2. OCLC 23991202. <a href="0-8486-8579-2" target="_blank">0-8486-8579-2</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>León, Fernando González de (2009). The Road to Rocroi: Class, Culture and Command in the Spanish Army of Flanders, 1567-1659. Leiden: BRILL. p. 135. ISBN 978-9004170827. <a href="978-9004170827" target="_blank">978-9004170827</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>