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Simple DirectMedia Layer
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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p><a href="/facts/Sam_Lantinga/Eyn1UhGS">Sam Lantinga</a> created the library, first releasing it in early 1998, while working for <a href="/facts/Loki_Entertainment/uIaFjX02">Loki Software</a>. He got the idea while porting a Windows application to Macintosh. He then used SDL to port <i><a href="/facts/Doom_(1993_video_game)/KA6n0GoY">Doom</a></i> to <a href="/facts/BeOS/tGYfe835">BeOS</a> (see <a href="/facts/Doom_source_port/BaKpCLPK">Doom source ports</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> Around the time of its creation, SDL was regarded as a simple alternative to DirectX.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> Several other free libraries were developed to work alongside SDL, such as <a href="/facts/SMPEG/akVLWhu6">SMPEG</a> and <a href="/facts/OpenAL/dM93Da1W">OpenAL</a>[<i>clarify</i>]. He also founded Galaxy Gameworks in 2008 to help commercially support SDL, although the company plans are currently on hold due to time constraints.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>Soon after putting Galaxy Gameworks on hold, Lantinga announced that SDL 1.3 (which would then later become SDL 2.0) would be licensed under the <a href="/facts/Zlib_License/lyoPpsHD">zlib License</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> Lantinga announced SDL 2.0 on 14 July 2012, at the same time announcing that he was joining <a href="/facts/Valve_Corporation/zlRE5vJL">Valve</a>, the first version of which was announced the same day he joined the company.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Lantinga announced the stable release of SDL 2.0.0 on 13 August 2013.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p><p>SDL 2.0 is a major update to the SDL 1.2 <a href="/facts/Codebase/MT0CJ4oD">codebase</a> with a different, not <a href="/facts/Backward_compatibility/FbHFBu5y">backwards-compatible</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> <a href="/facts/API/GMlN4vUr">API</a>. It replaces several parts of the 1.2 API with more general support for multiple input and output options. Some feature additions include multiple window support, hardware-accelerated 2D graphics, and better <a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Unicode</a> support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p><p>Support for <a href="/facts/Mir_(software)/ocQNVYbU">Mir</a> and <a href="/facts/Wayland_(display_server_protocol)/I9I1TbEG">Wayland</a> was added in SDL 2.0.2<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> and enabled by default in SDL 2.0.4.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Version 2.0.4 also provided better support for Android.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a> </p><p>In 2024, the stable preview of SDL 3.1.3 was released (and in January 2025 3.2.0 was released as stable). It makes the API more consistent and allows access to more parts of the device, along with other features.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="software-architecture">Software architecture</h2> <p>SDL is a <a href="/facts/Wrapper_library/b61otW6r">wrapper</a> around the operating-system-specific functions that the game needs to access. The only purpose of SDL is to provide a common framework for accessing these functions for multiple operating systems (cross-platform).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> SDL provides support for 2D pixel operations, sound, file access, event handling, timing and threading. It is often used to complement <a href="/facts/OpenGL/xQoMWePr">OpenGL</a> by setting up the graphical output and providing mouse and keyboard input, since OpenGL comprises only rendering. </p><p>A game using the Simple DirectMedia Layer will <i>not</i> automatically run on every operating system; further adaptations must be applied. These are reduced to a minimum, since SDL also contains a few abstraction APIs for frequent functions offered by an operating system. </p><p>The syntax of SDL is function-based: all operations done in SDL are done by passing parameters to <a href="/facts/Subroutine/9vFJrg0A">subroutines</a> (functions). Special structures are also used to store the specific information SDL needs to handle. SDL functions are categorized under several different subsystems. </p> <h3>Subsystems</h3> <p>SDL is divided into several subsystems:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p> Basics Initialization and Shutdown, Configuration Variables, Error Handling, Log Handling Video Display and Window Management, surface functions, rendering acceleration, etc. Input Events <a href="/facts/Event_(computing)/0YdM6AoB">Event handling</a>, Support for Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick and Game controller Force Feedback SDL_haptic.h implements support for "Force Feedback" Audio SDL_audio.h implements Audio Device Management, Playing and Recording Threads <a href="/facts/Thread_(computer_science)/hh8WHyPd">multi-threading</a>: Thread Management, Thread Synchronization Primitives, Atomic Operations Timers Timer Support File Abstraction Filesystem Paths, File I/O Abstraction Shared Object Support Shared Object Loading and Function Lookup Platform and CPU Information Platform Detection, CPU Feature Detection, Byte Order and Byte Swapping, Bit Manipulation Power Management Power Management Status Additional Platform-specific functionality <p>Besides this basic, low-level support, there also are a few separate official libraries that provide some more functions. These comprise the "standard library", and are provided on the official website and included in the official documentation: </p> <ul><li><i>SDL_image</i> — support for multiple image formats<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a></li> <li><i>SDL_mixer</i> — complex audio functions, mainly for sound mixing<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a></li> <li><i>SDL_net</i> — networking support<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a></li> <li><i>SDL_ttf</i> — <a href="/facts/TrueType/6kBap0kH">TrueType</a> font rendering support<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a></li> <li><i>SDL_rtf</i> — simple <a href="/facts/Rich_Text_Format/hsVH9Jot">Rich Text Format</a> rendering<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a></li></ul> <p>Other, non-standard libraries also exist. For example: SDL_Collide on SourceForge created by <a href="/facts/Amir_Taaki/6muJIoze">Amir Taaki</a>. </p> <h3>Language bindings</h3> <p>The SDL 2.0 library has <a href="/facts/Language_binding/V5HW4Wr4">language bindings</a> for: </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ada_(programming_language)/Y2yHel4l">Ada</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a></li> <li>Beef</li> <li><a href="/facts/C_(programming_language)/Ky2No763">C</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/C%252B%252B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Common_Lisp_(programming_language)/mq1pRbSF">Common Lisp</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/D_(programming_language)/4qIzRjkF">D</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Erlang_(programming_language)/2PuxmzT3">Erlang</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Fortran/m1KqjcMU">Fortran</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Gambas/Tu65VclF">Gambas</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Go_(programming_language)/oWlsmAFJ">Go</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a>[40]</li> <li><a href="/facts/Haskell_(programming_language)/4Htv9WLu">Haskell</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Java_(programming_language)/9ScgFyAL">Java</a> (e.g. JSDL)</li> <li><a href="/facts/Julia_(programming_language)/AoB0PJ9C">Julia</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a>[40]</li> <li><a href="/facts/Lua_(programming_language)/xkBCgta0">Lua</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Nim_(programming_language)/KBmz14Ek">Nim</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/OCaml/ThBGLND8">OCaml</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a></li> <li>Odin<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Pascal_(programming_language)/b3yvp8bF">Pascal</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Perl_(programming_language)/fx31kjlT">Perl</a> (via SDL)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/PHP/02Lfe6RM">PHP</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Python_(programming_language)/YbuGqofa">Python</a> (several, e.g. pygame_sdl2 and sdl2hl)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Raku_(programming_language)/9eYW7vRJ">Raku</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ring_(programming_language)/1Qy2pDXu">Ring</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Rust_(programming_language)/8JNMV19F">Rust</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Vala_(programming_language)/VnSxeM1b">Vala</a></li></ul> <h3>Supported back-ends</h3> <p>Because of the way SDL is designed, much of its source code is split into separate modules for each operating system, to make calls to the underlying system. When SDL is compiled, the appropriate modules are selected for the target system. The following back-ends are available:<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Graphics_Device_Interface/C8yuXxtL">GDI</a> back-end for <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Microsoft Windows</a>.</li> <li><a href="/facts/DirectX/jyy75wVN">DirectX</a> back-end; older SDL 1.2 uses DirectX 7 by default, while 2.0 defaults to DirectX 9 and can access up to DirectX 12.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Quartz_(graphics_layer)/FLvFwpYt">Quartz</a> back-end for <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a> (dropped in 2.0).</li> <li><a href="/facts/Metal_(API)/DIbAxKF6">Metal</a> back-end for <a href="/facts/MacOS/Y93vVpTm">macOS</a> / <a href="/facts/IOS/mK5cggH5">iOS</a> / <a href="/facts/TvOS/jDMqvvfI">tvOS</a> since 2.0.8; older versions use OpenGL by default.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Xlib/2fKMo9BF">Xlib</a> back-end for <a href="/facts/X_Window_System_core_protocol/RytfxzSg">X11</a>-based <a href="/facts/Windowing_system/nKYmkjP6">windowing system</a> on various operating systems.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/OpenGL/xQoMWePr">OpenGL</a> contexts on various platforms.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/EGL_(API)/meQcl9rp">EGL</a> back-end when used in conjunction with Wayland-based windowing system.,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Raspberry_Pi/Ie6Lx9n5">Raspberry Pi</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> and other systems.</li> <li><a href="/facts/Vulkan_(API)/e188Vdpc">Vulkan</a> contexts on platforms that support it.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a></li> <li>sceGu back-end, a Sony OpenGL-like backend native to the <a href="/facts/PlayStation_Portable/dj4sa6wo">PSP</a>.</li></ul> <p>An unofficial <a href="/facts/Sixel/WgfyTPKc">Sixel</a> back-end is available for SDL 1.2.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a> </p><p>The <a href="/facts/Rockbox/GgJ6s60v">Rockbox</a> MP3 player firmware also distributes a version of SDL 1.2, which is used to run games such as <a href="/facts/Quake_(video_game)/M5YkzHvT">Quake</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="reception-and-adoption">Reception and adoption</h2> <p>Over the years SDL was used for many commercial and non-commercial video game projects. For instance, <a href="/facts/MobyGames/ErGhXfX5">MobyGames</a> listed 120 games using SDL in 2013,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a> and the SDL website itself listed around 700 games in 2012.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> Important commercial examples are <i><a href="/facts/Angry_Birds/0hElUq4D">Angry Birds</a></i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/Unreal_Tournament/8TKUG6Q4">Unreal Tournament</a></i>, and games developed using <a href="/facts/Valve_Corporation/zlRE5vJL">Valve</a>'s <a href="/facts/Source_Engine/5sHPl3hr">Source Engine</a>, which uses SDL extensively for cross-platform compatibility; ones from the open-source domain are <i><a href="/facts/OpenTTD/6ABJEuBz">OpenTTD</a></i>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> <i><a href="/facts/The_Battle_for_Wesnoth/becocnCQ">The Battle for Wesnoth</a></i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> or <i><a href="/facts/Freeciv/yeStt1Mo">Freeciv</a></i>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> </p><p>The cross-platform game releases of the popular <a href="/facts/Humble_Indie_Bundle/e9P7txcB">Humble Indie Bundles</a> for Linux, Mac and Android are often SDL-based. </p><p>SDL is also often used for later ports on new platforms with legacy code. For instance, the PC game <a href="/facts/Homeworld/hEQhmJ6Q">Homeworld</a> was ported to the <a href="/facts/Pandora_(console)/D2og4tqV">Pandora</a> <a href="/facts/Handheld/cNS1Rhvg">handheld</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Jagged_Alliance_2/1Gd551tg">Jagged Alliance 2</a> for Android<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> via SDL. </p><p>Also, several non video game programs use SDL; examples are the <a href="/facts/Emulator/FMHE8qDj">emulators</a>, such as <a href="/facts/DOSBox/Du2egHYo">DOSBox</a>, <a href="/facts/Fuse_(emulator)/n2K587Xw">FUSE ZX Spectrum emulator</a> and <a href="/facts/VisualBoyAdvance/lP16A2nw">VisualBoyAdvance</a>. </p><p>There were several books written for development with SDL (see further reading). </p><p>SDL is used in <a href="/facts/University/skaJt2Io">university</a> courses teaching multimedia and <a href="/facts/Computer_science/lN3pEyPz">computer science</a>, for instance, in a workshop about game programming using libSDL at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Cadiz/jQUbCuEp">University of Cadiz</a> in 2010, or a Game Design discipline at <a href="/facts/Universidade_Tecnol%25C3%25B3gica_Federal_do_Paran%25C3%25A1/aLLNSnVJ">UTFPR</a> (Ponta Grossa campus) in 2015. </p> <h3>Video game examples using SDL</h3> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Allegro_(software_library)/mK4JBTk2">Allegro</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/ClanLib/qtpJgkkD">ClanLib</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Cross-platform_support_middleware/d8TDM8Fj">Cross-platform support middleware</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/DirectFB/LcCkaDg1">DirectFB</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/General_Graphics_Interface/nIelHJaz">General Graphics Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/GLFW/Kx8N97Pv">GLFW</a></li> <li>OpenML</li> <li><a href="/facts/Pygame/DKtaG9LK">Pygame</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Raylib/fbq6I4zk">Raylib</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Ren%2527Py/wRa9EQ9j">Ren'Py</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Simple_and_Fast_Multimedia_Library/RwJfj05B">SFML</a></li> <li><a href="/facts/SVGALib/mSXxl68G">SVGAlib</a></li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Alberto García Serrano: <i>Programación de videojuegos en SDL</i>, Ediversitas, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 84-95836-08-4 (Spanish)</li> <li>Ernest Pazera: <i>Focus On SDL</i>, Muska & Lipman/Premier-Trade, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-59200-030-4</li> <li>Ron Penton: <i>Data Structures for Game Programmers</i>, Muska & Lipman/Premier-Trade, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-931841-94-2 (<i>game programming examples with SDL</i>)</li> <li>John R. Hall: <i>Programming Linux Games</i>, No Starch, <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-886411-49-2 (<i>First SDL book, by <a href="/facts/Loki_Games/uIaFjX02">Loki Games</a></i>, archived online version: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030122200047/http://www.overcode.net/~overcode/writing/plg/local/release/plg-final-pdf-no-really-i-mean-it-this-time.pdf">PDF</a> at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 22 January 2003), <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030214004255/http://www.overcode.net/~overcode/writing/plg/local/">LaTex sources</a> at the <a href="/facts/Wayback_Machine/nmQ3a6JC">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 14 February 2003))</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.libsdl.org/">Official website</a> </li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"a list of the platforms SDL supports". Libsdl.org. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2016. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160401091424/http://wiki.libsdl.org/Installation" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20160401091424/http://wiki.libsdl.org/Installation</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>"SDL official website". Libsdl.org. Retrieved 19 March 2010. <a href="https://www.libsdl.org" target="_blank">https://www.libsdl.org</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"CategoryVulkan - SDL Wiki'". wiki.libsdl.org. Retrieved 9 February 2025. <a href="https://wiki.libsdl.org/CategoryVulkan" target="_blank">https://wiki.libsdl.org/CategoryVulkan</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"SDL Language Bindings". libsdl.org. Simple DirectMedia Layer. Retrieved 13 August 2014. <a href="https://www.libsdl.org/languages.php" target="_blank">https://www.libsdl.org/languages.php</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"SDL license". Retrieved 3 March 2014. <a href="https://www.libsdl.org/license.php" target="_blank">https://www.libsdl.org/license.php</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Licensing the Simple DirectMedia Layer library". Retrieved 30 January 2012. <a href="https://www.libsdl.org/license.php" target="_blank">https://www.libsdl.org/license.php</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"SDL/docs/README-dynapi.md at main · libsdl-org/SDL". GitHub. Retrieved 25 June 2024. <a href="https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/blob/main/docs/README-dynapi.md" target="_blank">https://github.com/libsdl-org/SDL/blob/main/docs/README-dynapi.md</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>libsdl-org/sdl12-compat, Simple Directmedia Layer, 1 June 2024, retrieved 25 June 2024 <a href="https://github.com/libsdl-org/sdl12-compat" target="_blank">https://github.com/libsdl-org/sdl12-compat</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>"Simple DirectMedia Layer". 29 June 2010. Archived from the original on 29 June 2010. 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