In modern DAWs every parameter that exists can usually be automatized, be it settings for a track's volume, applied filters or a software synthesizer. Example automations in this context include:
To achieve automation, either the user turns some knobs or faders on a physical controller connected to the computer or the user can set key frames with the mouse, between which the computer interpolates, or the user can draw entire data curves.1
The user sets some keyframes for i.e. position/rotation/size of an object or the position/angle/focus of a camera, and this movement data can be altered over time.
Blending between 2 clips. The track automation curve affects how one image changes into the other, be it slow/fast with/without acceleration, maybe even back and forth if one uses a Sinus-like wave.
"Data Curve PDF" (PDF). the-curve.org. https://the-curve.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Data-Curve-1.pdf ↩