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Keith Shine
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<h2 id="education">Education</h2> <p>Shine was educated at <a href="/facts/Earls_High_School/zGxnTpBB">Halesowen Grammar School</a> and <a href="/facts/Imperial_College_London/SoXBRyax">Imperial College London</a> where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in <a href="/facts/Physics/a7aH2y08">Physics</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> in 1978.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> He completed his postgraduate education at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Edinburgh/L69HscH9">University of Edinburgh</a>, where he was awarded a PhD in <a href="/facts/Meteorology/xblFr28q">meteorology</a> in 1981 for research supervised by Bob Harwood.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> He now teaches atmospheric physics to second year students at the University of Reading. </p> <h2 id="research">Research</h2> <p>Shine's research interests are in meteorology and climate science, with a focus on understanding how human activity initiates <a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">climate change</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> He has also investigated the role played by <a href="/facts/Water_vapor/DX5IUFG0">water vapour</a> in the <a href="/facts/Earth%2527s_energy_budget/PHytQRdx">Earth's energy budget</a>, which considers the energy flows both into and away from the <a href="/facts/Earth/HLLmDfj0">Earth</a> in the form of <a href="/facts/Shortwave_radiation/wrtj3fxF">shortwave radiation</a> from the <a href="/facts/Sun/CadPCVHh">Sun</a> and <a href="/facts/Outgoing_longwave_radiation/anrmbs9N">outgoing longwave radiation</a> from the Earth and its <a href="/facts/Atmosphere/oUpLaGRF">atmosphere</a>, respectively.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p><p>In addition, Shine is at the forefront of identifying and quantifying <a href="/facts/Radiative_forcing/VSLpzv66">radiative forcing</a>, a way of measuring the strength of <a href="/facts/Climate_change/rEN4BDE7">climate change</a> mechanisms. He has been heavily involved in major United Nations' assessments of climate change and <a href="/facts/Stratosphere/taBra67V">stratospheric</a> <a href="/facts/Ozone_depletion/ssGWpcx3">ozone depletion</a>, and was a lead author of the <a href="/facts/Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change/sh76du1u">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)</a> 1995 <a href="/facts/IPCC_Second_Assessment_Report/dh7q9AsV">IPCC Second Assessment Report</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p><p>Prior to working at Reading in 1988, he held <a href="/facts/Postdoctoral_research/uGIGIC1X">postdoctoral research</a> posts at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Liverpool/c9yBULDJ">University of Liverpool</a> and <a href="/facts/University_of_Oxford/ExVVQL6V">University of Oxford</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="awards-and-honours">Awards and honours</h2> <p>Shine was elected a <a href="/facts/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_2009/5PNDLGzH">Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2009</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Professor Keith Shine FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." –"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Allen, Myles R.; Fuglestvedt, Jan S.; Shine, Keith P.; Reisinger, Andy; Pierrehumbert, Raymond T.; Forster, Piers M. (2016). "New use of global warming potentials to compare cumulative and short-lived climate pollutants" (PDF). Nature Climate Change. 6 (8): 773–776. Bibcode:2016NatCC...6..773A. doi:10.1038/nclimate2998. S2CID 88203349. <a href="http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/108770/1/SLCP_INDC_withfigs.pdf" target="_blank">http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/108770/1/SLCP_INDC_withfigs.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Professor Keith Shine FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." –"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"SHINE, Prof. Keith Peter". Who's Who. Vol. 2016 (online Oxford University Press ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U250006" target="_blank">https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U250006</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Keith Shine's ORCID 0000-0003-2672-9978 <a href="/wiki/ORCID_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ORCID_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Shine, Keith Peter (1981). Some development of a zonally averaged climate model (PhD thesis). University of Edinburgh. OCLC 557250475. <a href="https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281262" target="_blank">https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281262</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Haynes, P. H.; McIntyre, M. E.; Shepherd, T. G.; Marks, C. J.; Shine, K. P. (1991). "On the 'Downward Control' of Extratropical Diabatic Circulations by Eddy-Induced Mean Zonal Forces". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 48 (4): 651–678. Bibcode:1991JAtS...48..651H. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0651:OTCOED>2.0.CO;2. S2CID 123430161. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Haynes_(mathematician)" target="_blank">/wiki/Peter_Haynes_(mathematician)</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Ramaswamy, V.; Chanin, M.-L.; Angell, J.; Barnett, J.; Gaffen, D.; Gelman, M.; Keckhut, P.; Koshelkov, Y.; Labitzke, K.; Lin, J.-J. R.; O'Neill, A.; Nash, J.; Randel, W.; Rood, R.; Shine, K.; Shiotani, M.; Swinbank, R. (2001). "Stratospheric temperature trends: Observations and model simulations". Reviews of Geophysics. 39 (1): 71–122. Bibcode:2001RvGeo..39...71R. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.143.5485. doi:10.1029/1999RG000065. S2CID 9434087. <a href="/wiki/Marie-Lise_Chanin" target="_blank">/wiki/Marie-Lise_Chanin</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Myhre, Gunnar; Highwood, Eleanor J.; Shine, Keith P.; Stordal, Frode (1998). "New estimates of radiative forcing due to well mixed greenhouse gases". Geophysical Research Letters. 25 (14): 2715–2718. Bibcode:1998GeoRL..25.2715M. doi:10.1029/98GL01908. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F98GL01908" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1029%2F98GL01908</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Shine, Keith (1999). "The effect of human activity on radiative forcing of climate change: a review of recent developments". Global and Planetary Change. 20 (4): 205–225. Bibcode:1999GPC....20..205S. doi:10.1016/S0921-8181(99)00017-X. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>Haywood, J. M.; Shine, K. P. (1995). "The effect of anthropogenic sulfate and soot aerosol on the clear sky planetary radiation budget". Geophysical Research Letters. 22 (5): 603–606. Bibcode:1995GeoRL..22..603H. doi:10.1029/95GL00075. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Professor Keith Shine FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." –"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>"Professor Keith Shine FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." –"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:14"><p>"SHINE, Prof. Keith Peter". Who's Who. Vol. 2016 (online Oxford University Press ed.). Oxford: A & C Black. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) <a href="https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U250006" target="_blank">https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U250006</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:15"><p>Keith Shine's ORCID 0000-0003-2672-9978 <a href="/wiki/ORCID_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ORCID_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:16"><p>"Professor Keith Shine FRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: "All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License." –"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies". Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 9 March 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144422/https://royalsociety.org/people/keith-shine-12271/</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>