Obturating rings are common in artillery, where the steel or cast-iron casing of the shell is too hard to practically deform to provide a tight seal for the propellant gases. An obturating ring which is called driving band made of a softer material is the standard solution for that problem. Mortar bombs also use obturating rings to provide a seal around the projectile. Recoilless rifles and some artillery use rings with a reverse impression of the rifling cut in them for a tighter seal even at very low pressures.
Another obturating ring may be used on sliding/falling breech-blocks from the opposite side of the chamber to provide a tight seal there if the charge is bagged and lacks a case (examples include early Krupp guns to Royal Ordnance L11 to M777). The obturating ring provides the sealing that would normally be provided by a cartridge case.