Masdar City

<h2 id="masdar-city-free-zone">Masdar City Free Zone</h2>
<h3>Industry Clusters</h3>
Masdar City Free Zone is strategically focused on six industry clusters:

<ul><li>Smart Mobility (SAVI): Led by the Smart and Autonomous Vehicles Industries (SAVI), this cluster drives electric and autonomous transportation innovations.</li>
<li> Life Sciences: biotechnology, personalised medicine, and healthcare.</li>
<li>Energy: As a centre for renewable energy and clean technology, the energy cluster includes organisations like IRENA and Siemens Energy.</li>
<li>Agritech (AGWA): Led by the AgriFood Growth & Water Abundance (AGWA), this cluster is focused on sustainable food production.</li>
<li>AI: This cluster drives AI research and development, with implications for various industries, including smart cities and healthcare.</li>
<li>Space Technology: Home to the UAE Space Agency and other pioneering organisations, the space-tech cluster supports advancements in satellite technology and space exploration.</li></ul>
<h3>Strategic Partnerships</h3>
Masdar City Free Zone has established partnerships with key organisations to further enhance business development. Collaborations with the Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) provide businesses with the option to operate under Common Law, facilitating greater foreign investment. Additionally, partnerships with Amazon Web Services (AWS) offer startups access to cloud credits and tools, while collaborations with local banks support financial services tailored to Free Zone tenants.

<h2 id="commercial-tenants-and-population">Commercial tenants and population</h2>
<h3>International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)</h3>
Masdar City is the headquarters of the <a href="/facts/International_Renewable_Energy_Agency/dIL6gjeg">International Renewable Energy Agency</a>, commonly known as IRENA, the first intergovernmental organisation in the Middle East.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5">5</a> Construction of IRENA's headquarters was completed in 2015. 
Masdar City was selected to host IRENA's headquarters after a high-profile campaign by the UAE. In its bid, the UAE offered rent-free offices in Masdar City, 20 IRENA scholarships to the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, and up to US$350 million in loans for renewable energy projects in developing countries.

<h3>Masdar (Abu Dhabi Future Energy Company)</h3>
Masdar's portfolio includes investments in renewable energy projects, such as wind and solar power plants, as well as sustainable real estate developments.

<h3>Siemens Energy</h3>

The regional headquarters for <a href="/facts/Siemens_Energy_AG/ChGxdjrc">Siemens</a> is also located in Masdar City. The <a href="/facts/LEED_Platinum/N4v9kGjk">LEED Platinum</a> building makes use of sustainable and energy-efficient materials and building techniques.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6">6</a> It was designed to use 45 per cent less energy and 50 per cent less water than typical office buildings.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a> The Siemens headquarters won an award for best office building at the <a href="https://www.e-architect.com/awards/mipim-ar-future-project-awards-2012">MIPIM Architectural Review Future Projects Awards</a> in 2012. The Middle East Architect Awards named it both the best and most sustainable office building in the same year.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>
Siemens signed an initial 10-year lease.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a>

<h3>Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI)</h3>

The Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (<a href="/facts/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_University_of_Artificial_Intelligence/NNhX9Bwe">MBZUAI</a>) is an instiltution located within Masdar City.

<h3>G42</h3>
<a href="/facts/G42_(company)/QzgJUeJl">G42</a>, based in Masdar City, is an artificial intelligence and cloud computing company.

<h3>UAE Space Agency</h3>

Established to support and regulate the country's growing space sector.
The agency is also a key player in Masdar City's Space Tech cluster, which includes various organizations working on satellite technology, space exploration, and related fields. 

<h3>The Catalyst</h3>
Masdar City partnered with oil giant BP to create an investor that supports clean-tech start-ups. As of May 2023, The Catalyst supports eight start-ups. It aims to attract companies focusing on green technology, and they accept applications from local and international businesses and entrepreneurs.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>

<h3>Incubator Building</h3>
The Incubator Building, completed in 2012, serves as the headquarters for Masdar City and its Free Zone. It is designed around a central courtyard, which helps maintain cool air and encourages outdoor walking. The building's façade incorporates design features to minimize cooling requirements, such as slanted glass sides that reduce solar gain by over a third. Inlaid porcelain circles, known as fritting, filter direct sunlight, with color-coded dots that reflect varying levels of sunlight intensity. Horizontal bands of shading at ceiling and desk height further enhance comfort by balancing light quality and reducing heat gain. These design innovations contribute to a 45% reduction in energy demand. The Incubator Building includes retail and office space to house start-ups, small-and-medium-sized enterprises, and regional offices for multinationals. Some of the most notable tenants have included General Electric, Mitsubishi, Schneider Electric, and the <a href="/facts/Global_Green_Growth_Institute/uJmUGsdI">Global Green Growth Institute</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a> It is rated LEED Gold.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a>

<h3>Khalifa University</h3>
Part of Khalifa University, formerly the <a href="/facts/Masdar_Institute_of_Science_and_Technology/sccHvA2r">Masdar Institute of Science and Technology</a>, is located in Masdar City. The design of the campus emphasizes flexibility, the use of traditional architectural elements, and modern materials that minimize energy needs. By 2013, 336 students were enrolled at the institute. These students were selected from more than 2,000 applicants. Forty-two per cent of enrolled students are from the <a href="/facts/UAE/o1bEjgbR">UAE</a> and 35 per cent are <a href="/facts/Female/hk4wM9y1">female</a>.
The university's building, developed in co-operation with the <a href="/facts/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology/Xk49vNA8">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>, uses 51 per cent less electricity and 54 per cent less <a href="/facts/Potable_water/FmSJcKGG">potable water</a> than traditional buildings in the <a href="/facts/UAE/o1bEjgbR">UAE</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a> and is fitted with a metering system that constantly observes power consumption.

<h2 id="urban-plan">Urban plan</h2>
Initiated in 2006, the city was envisioned to cover six square kilometers and estimated to cost US$18−22 billion. The original plan was that it would take approximately eight years to build, with the first phase scheduled to be completed and habitable in 2009.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a>
Construction began on Masdar City in February 2008 and the first six buildings of the city were completed and occupied in October 2010. However, due to the impact of the <a href="/facts/Great_Recession/9LoVUhLf">global financial crisis</a>, completion was pushed back to between 2020 and 2025.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> By 2016, less than 300,000 square metres (0.12 sq mi) had been developed and final completion was estimated to be 2030.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a> As of 2020, a 2030 completion date was still projected.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a>
The city is meant to be an example of sustainable urban development, innovation, and community living. As designed, the city would be home to 45,000 to 50,000 people and 1,500 businesses. More than 60,000 workers were projected to commute to the city daily.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a>
On June 24, 2022, Masdar City broke ground on a new construction called Masdar City Square. It will cover 29,000 square meters, including a net-zero energy commercial headquarters building and six additional <a href="/facts/LEED_Platinum/N4v9kGjk">LEED Platinum</a> and WELL Gold buildings. It is projected to be complete in 2024.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26">26</a>
On February 2, 2023, Masdar City broke ground on The Link, a mixed-use development that will cover 30,000 square meters. It will include a net-zero energy co-lab building that will house both office and residential space, as well as four other LEED Platinum and WELL Gold buildings that will include event space, recreational and fitness facilities, and retail. It is projected to be complete in 2025.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27">27</a>

<h3>Design</h3>
Masdar City is designed to welcome pedestrians and cyclists.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28">28</a>
The temperature in the streets generally feels 5-10 C cooler than the surrounding desert. The difference is due to urban design. The city's core, called the podium, is raised above the surrounding area and oriented to pull wind through the streets. Buildings are clustered close together to create streets and walkways that are shielded from the sun. Additionally, a 45-metre-high (148 ft) wind tower modelled on traditional Arab designs sucks air from above and creates a cooling breeze.
Masdar City is home to the widely pictured Eco-Residences, which have <a href="/facts/Terracotta/Yze0TnSH">terracotta</a> walls decorated with arabesque patterns and are rated LEED Platinum. Masdar City also contains a tech park made from recycled standard 40 foot unit shipping containers.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29">29</a>
Masdar City was designed by <a href="/facts/Foster_and_Partners/MmrXRynn">Foster and Partners</a>. Foster's design team started its work by touring ancient cities such as <a href="/facts/Cairo/dXjj60ar">Cairo</a> and <a href="/facts/Muscat%2c_Oman/hudxK0oh">Muscat</a> to see how they kept cool. Foster found that these cities coped with hot desert temperatures through shorter, narrower streets, usually no longer than 70 metres (230 ft). The buildings at the end of these streets create just enough wind turbulence to push air upwards, creating a flushing effect that cools the street.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30">30</a>

<h3>Passive Design</h3>
Key passive design strategies include:

<ul><li>Building Shape and Orientation: Buildings are designed with reduced surface areas and strategic orientations to minimize solar gain. This reduces the need for artificial cooling by limiting the amount of heat absorbed by the building’s exterior.</li>
<li>Shading and Angling: Windows are positioned to avoid direct exposure to the sun, particularly from the east and west. When direct exposure is unavoidable, creative shading and angling techniques are employed to reduce solar gain.</li>
<li>High-Performance Building Envelopes: Airtight and well-insulated building envelopes are crucial for maintaining internal temperatures and reducing the transfer of heat from outside. Materials with high albedo are used to reflect sunlight, further minimizing heat gain.</li>
<li>Natural Ventilation: Building layouts and openings are designed to maximize natural ventilation, reducing the reliance on air conditioning and enhancing indoor air quality.</li></ul>
These passive design techniques have led to significant energy savings across Masdar City, with some buildings achieving energy reductions of 50% or more compared to conventional designs.

<h2 id="transportation">Transportation</h2>

Transportation options include public mass transit and a <a href="/facts/Personal_rapid_transit/HDvc4GBl">personal rapid transit</a> (PRT) system, which transports people in autonomous electric pods along an underground track. 
In October 2010, it was announced the PRT would not expand beyond the pilot due to the cost of creating the <a href="/facts/Undercroft/Q51ctu4f">undercroft</a> to segregate the system from pedestrian traffic.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31">31</a> Subsequently, a test fleet of 10 <a href="/facts/Mitsubishi_i-MiEV/q6zctErD">Mitsubishi i-MiEV</a> <a href="/facts/Electric_car/agINmGGQ">electric cars</a> was deployed in 2011 as part of a one-year pilot to test point-to-point transportation for the city as a complement to the PRT.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32">32</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33">33</a>
In 2018, as part of a trial project, seven autonomous shuttles, called NAVYA, began to operate on the podium, carrying passengers between the car park and the city center.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34">34</a> A further route was due to open in 2019 that ran from the residential complex above the city's North Car Park to the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) and the Majid Al Futtaim's My City Centre Masdar Shopping Mall.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35">35</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36">36</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37">37</a>
Under a revised design, <a href="/facts/Public_transport/DXhqazz5">public transport</a> within the city will rely on methods other than the PRT and NAVYA.
Masdar City is working on using a mix of electric vehicles and other <a href="/facts/Green_vehicle/wlSpa6ud">clean-energy vehicles</a> for mass transit inside the city.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38">38</a> The majority of private vehicles will be restricted to parking lots along the city's perimeter. Abu Dhabi's planned but delayed <a href="/facts/Abu_Dhabi_Metro/q394mqjw">light rail and metro line</a> may eventually connect Masdar City's center with the greater metropolitan area.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39">39</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40">40</a> As of 2020, connections to beyond the city continue to be by car, as a projected light rail line does not yet exist.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41">41</a>

<h2 id="renewable-resources">Renewable resources</h2>
The original master plan envisioned a city functioning on its own grid with full <a href="/facts/Carbon_neutrality/llsAknfI">carbon neutrality</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42">42</a> Masdar City is partially powered by solar panels, but also draws power from the local grid.
Gerard Evenden, the lead architect, says that the original plan for Masdar called for powering the entire city through on-site methods such as rooftop solar panels. He said,

<blockquote>"When we started this project, nobody had really looked at doing projects of this scale. Then you realize it's much more efficient to build your solar field on the ground in the middle of the desert. You can send a man to brush them off every day, rather than having to access everyone's buildings individually, and you can make sure that they are running at their absolute peak. It's much better than putting them on every building in the city."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43">43</a></blockquote>
Blowing sand has been a problem for its solar panels, so Masdar City has worked with other organizations to engineer surfaces with pores smaller than sand particles to stop them from sticking on the panels. 
Low-flow water fixtures are used throughout the city to reduce water use, and waste water is reused "as many times as possible," with <a href="/facts/Greywater/RXHbho8u">greywater</a> being used for crop irrigation and other purposes.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44">44</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45">45</a>

The exterior wood used throughout the city is <a href="/facts/Coconut_timber/d3BJt58j">palmwood</a>, a sustainable hardwood-substitute developed by <a href="/facts/Pacific_Green/XzC1pfme">Pacific Green</a> using plantation <a href="/facts/Coconut/RUYNhNo2">coconut</a> palms that no longer bear fruit. Palmwood features include the entrance gates, screens and doors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46">46</a>

<h2 id="reaction">Reaction</h2>
The project is supported by the global conservation charity <a href="/facts/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature/u8NgdHjK">World Wide Fund for Nature</a> and the sustainability group <a href="/facts/Bioregional/VQPDrlpp">Bioregional</a>. In 2008, in response to the project's commitment to <a href="/facts/Carbon_neutrality/llsAknfI">zero carbon</a>, <a href="/facts/Zero_waste/c9aHpa78">zero waste</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47">47</a> and other environmentally friendly goals, <a href="/facts/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature/u8NgdHjK">WWF</a> and Bioregional endorsed Masdar City as an official One Planet Living Community.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48">48</a>
The <a href="/facts/Federal_government_of_the_United_States/VJCxUaf7">US Government</a> has supported the project. The <a href="/facts/United_States_Department_of_Energy/PRp6Cz8g">US Department of Energy</a> has signed a partnership agreement with Masdar in a deal that will see the two organizations share expertise to support plans on <a href="/facts/Zero-carbon_city/oGXLhF4R">zero-carbon cities</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49">49</a>
The <a href="/facts/Alliance_to_Save_Energy/pkCczWfH">Alliance to Save Energy</a> honored Masdar City with a 2012 EE Visionary Award in recognition of the city's contributions to the advancement of energy efficiency.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50">50</a>
Some skeptics are concerned that the city will be only symbolic for Abu Dhabi.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51">51</a> In an interview in 2011, <a href="/facts/Geoffrey_M._Heal/FeDLyCbR">Geoffrey M. Heal</a>, a professor at <a href="/facts/Columbia_Business_School/TAPcAq9D">Columbia Business School</a> in New York City and an expert in <a href="/facts/Environmental_economics/DdufVax9">environmental economics</a>, called Masdar City "a gimmick, a way of attracting publicity and attention."<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52">52</a> Its use of solar energy is not a practical model for others to follow, Heal further noted, given that few places in the world enjoy as much year-round sunlight as the <a href="/facts/Persian_Gulf/W78AfnC1">Persian Gulf</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53">53</a>

<h2 id="gallery">Gallery</h2>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Abrahamic_Family_House/E2oT7WCk">Abrahamic Family House</a>, another international center in Abu Dhabi</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sustainable_city/JKHukJuR">Sustainable city</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sharjah_Sustainable_City/WBTaX9wG">Sharjah Sustainable City</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Masdar.

<ul><li><a href="http://www.masdar.ae/en/#city/all">Masdar City official website</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
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<li id="fn:2">"Masdar plan". The Economist. 4 December 2008. Archived from the original on 2 January 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2018. <a href="http://media.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/12673433-environment-abu-dhabi-has-embarked-upon-ambitious-plan-build-zero-emission" target="_blank">http://media.economist.com/news/technology-quarterly/12673433-environment-abu-dhabi-has-embarked-upon-ambitious-plan-build-zero-emission</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Hope, Bradley; Stanton, Christopher (9 February 2009). "Al Jaber secures Masdar deal". The National. Archived from the original on 13 December 2009. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091213024645/http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090209/BUSINESS/779661070" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20091213024645/http://www.thenational.ae/article/20090209/BUSINESS/779661070</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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<li id="fn:8">Nick Leech. "Siemens shows it knows green design inside out at new Masdar HQ". thenational.ae. Retrieved 6 July 2015. <a href="http://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/siemens-shows-it-knows-green-design-inside-out-at-new-masdar-hq" target="_blank">http://www.thenational.ae/uae/environment/siemens-shows-it-knows-green-design-inside-out-at-new-masdar-hq</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">"Siemens, GE Open Up Shop at Masdar City". Triple Pundit: People, Planet, Profit. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2015. <a href="http://www.triplepundit.com/2014/01/siemens-ge-open-shop-masdar-city/" target="_blank">http://www.triplepundit.com/2014/01/siemens-ge-open-shop-masdar-city/</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">"Masdar BP initiative The Catalyst announces support for new start ups at ADSW 2020". news.masdar.ae. Retrieved 22 October 2020. <a href="https://news.masdar.ae/en/news/2020/01/19/11/32/masdar-bp-initiative-the-catalyst-announces-support-for-new-start-ups-at-adsw-2020" target="_blank">https://news.masdar.ae/en/news/2020/01/19/11/32/masdar-bp-initiative-the-catalyst-announces-support-for-new-start-ups-at-adsw-2020</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">"Siemens, GE Open Up Shop at Masdar City". Triple Pundit: People, Planet, Profit. 24 January 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2015. <a href="http://www.triplepundit.com/2014/01/siemens-ge-open-shop-masdar-city/" target="_blank">http://www.triplepundit.com/2014/01/siemens-ge-open-shop-masdar-city/</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">Shahan, Zachary (14 January 2014). "GE Opens Ecomagination Center In Masdar City". Clean Technica. <a href="http://cleantechnica.com/2014/01/18/ge-opens-ecomagination-center-masdar-city/" target="_blank">http://cleantechnica.com/2014/01/18/ge-opens-ecomagination-center-masdar-city/</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"Masdar City completes LEED ratings for all Masdar Green REIT assets". wam. 23 May 2023. Retrieved 26 May 2023. <a href="https://wam.ae/en/details/1395303161132" target="_blank">https://wam.ae/en/details/1395303161132</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
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</ol>

Masdar City open-in-new

Masdar City