2013 ND15

<h2 id="discovery-orbit-and-physical-properties">Discovery, orbit and physical properties</h2>
<p>2013 ND15 was discovered on 13 July 2013 by N. Primak, A. Schultz, T. Goggia and K. Chambers, observing for the <a href="/facts/Pan-STARRS/w65mMlXw">Pan-STARRS</a> project. As of September 2014, it has been observed 21 times with a data-arc span of 26 days. It is an <a href="/facts/Aten_asteroid/IGwbhbVa">Aten asteroid</a> and its semi-major axis (0.7235 <a href="/facts/Astronomical_unit/gjsbu5xU">astronomical units</a>; AU) is very similar to that of Venus but it has high eccentricity (0.6115) and small orbital inclination (4.794°). With an absolute magnitude of 24.1, it has a diameter in the range 40–100 m (for an assumed albedo range of 0.04–0.20).
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<h2 id="trojan-dynamical-state-and-orbital-evolution">Trojan dynamical state and orbital evolution</h2>

<p>2013 ND15 has been identified as a Venus trojan following a <a href="/facts/Tadpole_orbit/2gpSwPqb">tadpole orbit</a> around Venus's Lagrangian point <a href="/facts/Lagrange_point/XCAN4o3P">L4</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> Besides being a Venus <a href="/facts/Co-orbital_configuration/q7jR91z6">co-orbital</a>, this asteroid is also a <a href="/facts/List_of_Mercury-crossing_minor_planets/nRSJ1hzE">Mercury crosser</a> and an <a href="/facts/List_of_Earth-crossing_minor_planets/E3JXnHPt">Earth crosser</a>. 2013 ND15 exhibits <a href="/facts/Orbital_resonance/eQLMfBWu">resonant</a> (or near-resonant) behavior with <a href="/facts/Mercury_(planet)/lVa1GIyX">Mercury</a>, Venus and <a href="/facts/Earth/HLLmDfj0">Earth</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> Its short-term dynamical evolution is different from that of the other three Venus co-orbitals, <a href="/facts/2001_CK32/A1mSowWP">2001 CK32</a>, <a href="/facts/Zoozve/mLmaprup">Zoozve</a>, and <a href="/facts/2012_XE133/U8bEW1sk">2012 XE133</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a>
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<h2 id="potentially-hazardous-asteroid">Potentially hazardous asteroid</h2>
<p>2013 ND15 is not included in the <a href="/facts/Minor_Planet_Center/v8T7sdK4">Minor Planet Center</a> list of potentially hazardous asteroids (<a href="/facts/Potentially_hazardous_asteroid/jICfFm36">PHAs</a>) because its absolute magnitude is greater than 22.0, even though it comes to within 0.05 AU of Earth periodically. It approached Earth at 0.077 AU on 21 June 2016.
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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/(322756)_2001_CK32/A1mSowWP">(322756) 2001 CK32</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/524522_Zoozve/mLmaprup"> 524522 Zoozve</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/2012_XE133/U8bEW1sk">2012 XE133</a></li></ul>
<h2 id="notes">Notes</h2>

<ul><li>^  This is assuming an albedo of 0.20–0.04.</li></ul>

Further reading
<ul><li><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Sci...288.2190B">Understanding the Distribution of Near-Earth Asteroids</a> Bottke, W. F., Jedicke, R., Morbidelli, A., Petit, J.-M., Gladman, B. 2000, <i>Science</i>, Vol. 288, Issue 5474, pp. 2190–2194.</li>
<li><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000Icar..144....1C">A Numerical Survey of Transient Co-orbitals of the Terrestrial Planets</a> Christou, A. A. 2000, <i>Icarus</i>, Vol. 144, Issue 1, pp. 1–20.</li>
<li><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002Icar..156..399B">Debiased Orbital and Absolute Magnitude Distribution of the Near-Earth Objects</a> Bottke, W. F., Morbidelli, A., Jedicke, R., Petit, J.-M., Levison, H. F., Michel, P., Metcalfe, T. S. 2002, <i>Icarus</i>, Vol. 156, Issue 2, pp. 399–433.</li>
<li><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Icar..171..102B">Transient co-orbital asteroids</a> Brasser, R., Innanen, K. A., Connors, M., Veillet, C., Wiegert, P., Mikkola, S., Chodas, P. W. 2004, <i>Icarus</i>, Vol. 171, Issue 1, pp. 102–109.</li>
<li><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Icar..185...29M">The population of Near Earth Asteroids in coorbital motion with Venus</a> Morais, M. H. M., Morbidelli, A. 2006, <i>Icarus</i>, Vol. 185, Issue 1, pp. 29–38.</li>
<li><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MNRAS.439.2970D">Asteroid 2013 ND15: Trojan companion to Venus, PHA to the Earth</a> de la Fuente Marcos, C., de la Fuente Marcos, R. 2013, <i>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</i>, Vol. 439, Issue 3, pp. 2970–2977.</li></ul>
<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K13/K13O04.html">Discovery MPEC</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2013+ND15">2013 ND15</a> data at MPC</li>
<li><a href="http://www.minorplanetcenter.org/iau/lists/Dangerous.html">List of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids</a> (PHAs)</li>
<li><a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.0">2013 ND15</a> at <i>NeoDyS-2, Near Earth Objects—Dynamic Site</i>
<ul><li><a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.3.0">Ephemerides</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.4.0">Observation prediction</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.1">Orbital info</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.5">MOID</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.6">Proper elements</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.7.0">Observational info</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.8">Close approaches</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.9">Physical info</a> · <a href="https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?n=2013+ND15&pc=1.1.A">Orbit animation</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="http://neo.ssa.esa.int/search-for-asteroids?sum=1&des=2013ND15">2013 ND15</a> at <i>ESA–<a href="/facts/Space_Situational_Awareness_Programme/XvHuoRsX">space situational awareness</a></i>
<ul><li><a href="http://neo.ssa.esa.int/search-for-asteroids?des=2013ND15&tab=eph">Ephemerides</a> · <a href="http://neo.ssa.esa.int/search-for-asteroids?des=2013ND15&tab=obs">Observations</a> · <a href="http://neo.ssa.esa.int/search-for-asteroids?des=2013ND15&tab=orbprop">Orbit</a> · <a href="http://neo.ssa.esa.int/search-for-asteroids?des=2013ND15&tab=physprops">Physical properties</a> · <a href="http://neo.ssa.esa.int/search-for-asteroids?des=2013ND15&tab=summary">Summary</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3645042">2013 ND15</a> at the <i><a href="/facts/JPL_Small-Body_Database/YQQLDXng">JPL Small-Body Database</a></i> <ul><li><a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3645042&view=C">Close approach</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3645042&view=D">Discovery</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=sb&sstr=3645042">Ephemeris</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3645042&view=V">Orbit viewer</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3645042&view=O">Orbit parameters</a> · <a href="https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/tools/sbdb_lookup.html#/?sstr=3645042&view=P">Physical parameters</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (2014). "Asteroid 2013 ND15: Trojan companion to Venus, PHA to the Earth". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 439 (3): 2970–2977. arXiv:1401.5013. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.439.2970D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu152. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu152" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu152</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (2014). "Asteroid 2013 ND15: Trojan companion to Venus, PHA to the Earth". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 439 (3): 2970–2977. arXiv:1401.5013. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.439.2970D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu152. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu152" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu152</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (2014). "Asteroid 2013 ND15: Trojan companion to Venus, PHA to the Earth". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 439 (3): 2970–2977. arXiv:1401.5013. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.439.2970D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu152. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu152" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu152</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>de la Fuente Marcos, C.; de la Fuente Marcos, R. (2014). "Asteroid 2013 ND15: Trojan companion to Venus, PHA to the Earth". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 439 (3): 2970–2977. arXiv:1401.5013. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.439.2970D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu152. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu152" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu152</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

2013 ND15 open-in-new

2013 ND15