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CYTH2
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<h2 id="function">Function</h2> <p>Cytohesin-2 (CYTH2), formerly known as Pleckstrin homology, Sec7 and coiled/coil domains 2 (PSCD2), is a member of the cytohesin family. Members of this family have identical structural organization that consists of an N-terminal coiled-coil motif, a central Sec7 domain, and a C-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. The coiled-coil motif is involved in homodimerization, the Sec7 domain contains guanine-nucleotide exchange protein (GEP) activity, and the PH domain interacts with phospholipids and is responsible for association of CYTHs with membranes. Members of this family appear to mediate the regulation of protein sorting and membrane trafficking. CYTH2 exhibits GEP activity in vitro with ARF1, ARF3, and ARF6. CYTH2 protein is 83% homologous to CYTH1. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="interactions">Interactions</h2> <p>CYTH2 has been shown to <a href="/facts/Protein-protein_interaction/etvm9Wmg">interact</a> with <a href="/facts/Arrestin_beta_2/7qxedzQk">Arrestin beta 2</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> and <a href="/facts/Arrestin_beta_1/9YQy8NTq">Arrestin beta 1</a>. <a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Meacci E, Tsai SC, Adamik R, Moss J, Vaughan M (1997). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC19987">"Cytohesin-1, a cytosolic guanine nucleotide-exchange protein for ADP-ribosylation factor"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>. 94 (5): 1745–8. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997PNAS...94.1745M">1997PNAS...94.1745M</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.94.5.1745">10.1073/pnas.94.5.1745</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC19987">19987</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9050849">9050849</a>.</li> <li>Frank S, Upender S, Hansen SH, Casanova JE (1998). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.1.23">"ARNO is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP-ribosylation factor 6"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. 273 (1): 23–7. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.273.1.23">10.1074/jbc.273.1.23</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9417041">9417041</a>.</li> <li>Mossessova E, Gulbis JM, Goldberg J (1998). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980933-2">"Structure of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Sec7 domain of human arno and analysis of the interaction with ARF GTPase"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. 92 (3): 415–23. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980933-2">10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80933-2</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9476900">9476900</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8093935">8093935</a>.</li> <li>Cherfils J, Ménétrey J, Mathieu M, Le Bras G, Robineau S, Béraud-Dufour S, Antonny B, Chardin P (1998). "Structure of the Sec7 domain of the Arf exchange factor ARNO". <i>Nature</i>. 392 (6671): 101–5. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998Natur.392..101C">1998Natur.392..101C</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F32210">10.1038/32210</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9510256">9510256</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4334627">4334627</a>.</li> <li>Venkateswarlu K, Oatey PB, Tavaré JM, Cullen PJ (1998). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2898%2970181-2">"Insulin-dependent translocation of ARNO to the plasma membrane of adipocytes requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase"</a>. <i>Curr. Biol</i>. 8 (8): 463–6. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998CBio....8..463V">1998CBio....8..463V</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2898%2970181-2">10.1016/S0960-9822(98)70181-2</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9550703">9550703</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12974067">12974067</a>.</li> <li>Kim HS (1998). "Assignment of the human cts18.1 gene PSCD2L to chromosome 19 band q13 using a radiation hybrid mapping panel". <i>Cytogenet. Cell Genet</i>. 83 (1–2): 43. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000015163">10.1159/000015163</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9925920">9925920</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31220052">31220052</a>.</li> <li>Santy LC, Frank SR, Hatfield JC, Casanova JE (1999). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2800%2980019-6">"Regulation of ARNO nucleotide exchange by a PH domain electrostatic switch"</a>. <i>Curr. Biol</i>. 9 (20): 1173–6. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999CBio....9.1173S">1999CBio....9.1173S</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0960-9822%2800%2980019-6">10.1016/S0960-9822(00)80019-6</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10531036">10531036</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17664498">17664498</a>.</li> <li>Ogasawara M, Kim SC, Adamik R, Togawa A, Ferrans VJ, Takeda K, Kirby M, Moss J, Vaughan M (2000). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.275.5.3221">"Similarities in function and gene structure of cytohesin-4 and cytohesin-1, guanine nucleotide-exchange proteins for ADP-ribosylation factors"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. 275 (5): 3221–30. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.275.5.3221">10.1074/jbc.275.5.3221</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10652308">10652308</a>.</li> <li>Smith JS, Tachibana I, Pohl U, Lee HK, Thanarajasingam U, Portier BP, Ueki K, Ramaswamy S, Billings SJ, Mohrenweiser HW, Louis DN, Jenkins RB (2000). "A transcript map of the chromosome 19q-arm glioma tumor suppressor region". <i>Genomics</i>. 64 (1): 44–50. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fgeno.1999.6101">10.1006/geno.1999.6101</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10708517">10708517</a>.</li> <li>Vitale N, Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Ferrans VJ, Riemenschneider W, Moss J, Vaughan M (2000). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M909642199">"Specific functional interaction of human cytohesin-1 and ADP-ribosylation factor domain protein (ARD1)"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. 275 (28): 21331–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M909642199">10.1074/jbc.M909642199</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10748148">10748148</a>.</li> <li>Macia E, Paris S, Chabre M (2000). "Binding of the PH and polybasic C-terminal domains of ARNO to phosphoinositides and to acidic lipids". <i>Biochemistry</i>. 39 (19): 5893–901. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fbi992795w">10.1021/bi992795w</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10801341">10801341</a>.</li> <li>Lee SY, Pohajdak B (2000). "N-terminal targeting of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) for ADP ribosylation factors (ARF) to the Golgi". <i>J. Cell Sci</i>. 113 (11): 1883–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.113.11.1883">10.1242/jcs.113.11.1883</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10806099">10806099</a>.</li> <li>Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ (2001). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M108399200">"beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. 276 (45): 42509–13. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M108399200">10.1074/jbc.M108399200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11533043">11533043</a>.</li> <li>Kitano J, Kimura K, Yamazaki Y, Soda T, Shigemoto R, Nakajima Y, Nakanishi S (2002). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6757580">"Tamalin, a PDZ domain-containing protein, links a protein complex formation of group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor cytohesins"</a>. <i>J. Neurosci</i>. 22 (4): 1280–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.22-04-01280.2002">10.1523/JNEUROSCI.22-04-01280.2002</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6757580">6757580</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11850456">11850456</a>.</li> <li>Mansour M, Lee SY, Pohajdak B (2002). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M202898200">"The N-terminal coiled coil domain of the cytohesin/ARNO family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors interacts with the scaffolding protein CASP"</a>. <i>J. Biol. Chem</i>. 277 (35): 32302–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M202898200">10.1074/jbc.M202898200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12052827">12052827</a>.</li> <li>Buchet-Poyau K, Mehenni H, Radhakrishna U, Antonarakis SE (2002). "Search for the second Peutz-Jeghers syndrome locus: exclusion of the STK13, PRKCG, KLK10, and PSCD2 genes on chromosome 19 and the STK11IP gene on chromosome 2". <i>Cytogenet. Genome Res</i>. 97 (3–4): 171–8. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1159%2F000066620">10.1159/000066620</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12438709">12438709</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36446950">36446950</a>.</li> <li>Huh M, Han JH, Lim CS, Lee SH, Kim S, Kim E, Kaang BK (2003). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1471-4159.2003.01718.x">"Regulation of neuritogenesis and synaptic transmission by msec7-1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, in cultured Aplysia neurons"</a>. <i>J. Neurochem</i>. 85 (1): 282–5. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1471-4159.2003.01718.x">10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01718.x</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12641750">12641750</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:35888745">35888745</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Kolanus W, Nagel W, Schiller B, Zeitlmann L, Godar S, Stockinger H, Seed B (Sep 1996). "Alpha L beta 2 integrin/LFA-1 binding to ICAM-1 induced by cytohesin-1, a cytoplasmic regulatory molecule". Cell. 86 (2): 233–42. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80095-1. PMID 8706128. S2CID 18390795. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980095-1" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0092-8674%2800%2980095-1</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Chardin P, Paris S, Antonny B, Robineau S, Béraud-Dufour S, Jackson CL, Chabre M (1996). "A human exchange factor for ARF contains Sec7- and pleckstrin-homology domains". Nature. 384 (6608): 481–4. Bibcode:1996Natur.384..481C. doi:10.1038/384481a0. PMID 8945478. S2CID 4361989. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>"Entrez Gene: PSCD2 pleckstrin homology, Sec7 and coiled-coil domains 2 (cytohesin-2)". <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9266" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9266</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"Entrez Gene: PSCD2 pleckstrin homology, Sec7 and coiled-coil domains 2 (cytohesin-2)". <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9266" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=9266</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ (Nov 2001). "beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (45): 42509–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108399200. PMID 11533043. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M108399200" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M108399200</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, Vitale N, Moss J, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ (Nov 2001). "beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (45): 42509–13. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108399200. PMID 11533043. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M108399200" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M108399200</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>