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Molar ionization energies of the elements
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<h2 id="1st10th-ionization-energies">1st–10th ionization energies</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>Number</th><th>Symbol</th><th>Name</th><th>1st</th><th>2nd</th><th>3rd</th><th>4th</th><th>5th</th><th>6th</th><th>7th</th><th>8th</th><th>9th</th><th>10th</th></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>H</td><td><a href="/facts/Hydrogen/BoYHjl0J">hydrogen</a></td><td>1312.0</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>He</td><td><a href="/facts/Helium/yRul93TG">helium</a></td><td>2372.3</td><td>5250.5</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>Li</td><td><a href="/facts/Lithium/7vXX6BWA">lithium</a></td><td>520.2</td><td>7298.1</td><td>11,815.0</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>Be</td><td><a href="/facts/Beryllium/dv295voP">beryllium</a></td><td>899.5</td><td>1757.1</td><td>14,848.7</td><td>21,006.6</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>B</td><td><a href="/facts/Boron/Pmwgd7Mf">boron</a></td><td>800.6</td><td>2427.1</td><td>3659.7</td><td>25,025.8</td><td>32,826.7</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>C</td><td><a href="/facts/Carbon/ukrgQexo">carbon</a></td><td>1086.5</td><td>2352.6</td><td>4620.5</td><td>6222.7</td><td>37,831</td><td>47,277.0</td></tr><tr><td>7</td><td>N</td><td><a href="/facts/Nitrogen/Nf1QpGDz">nitrogen</a></td><td>1402.3</td><td>2856</td><td>4578.1</td><td>7475.0</td><td>9444.9</td><td>53,266.6</td><td>64,360</td></tr><tr><td>8</td><td>O</td><td><a href="/facts/Oxygen/acyn6o8r">oxygen</a></td><td>1313.9</td><td>3388.3</td><td>5300.5</td><td>7469.2</td><td>10,989.5</td><td>13,326.5</td><td>71,330</td><td>84,078.0</td></tr><tr><td>9</td><td>F</td><td><a href="/facts/Fluorine/YUV0Fb8m">fluorine</a></td><td>1681.0</td><td>3374.2</td><td>6050.4</td><td>8407.7</td><td>11,022.7</td><td>15,164.1</td><td>17,868</td><td>92,038.1</td><td>106,434.3</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>Ne</td><td><a href="/facts/Neon/5bF1FwGL">neon</a></td><td>2080.7</td><td>3952.3</td><td>6122</td><td>9371</td><td>12,177</td><td>15,238.90</td><td>19,999.0</td><td>23,069.5</td><td>115,379.5</td><td>131,432</td></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Na</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium/eYuSPu2V">sodium</a></td><td>495.8</td><td>4562</td><td>6910.3</td><td>9543</td><td>13,354</td><td>16,613</td><td>20,117</td><td>25,496</td><td>28,932</td><td>141,362</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Mg</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium/XyIhd2FG">magnesium</a></td><td>737.7</td><td>1450.7</td><td>7732.7</td><td>10,542.5</td><td>13,630</td><td>18,020</td><td>21,711</td><td>25,661</td><td>31,653</td><td>35,458</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Al</td><td><a href="/facts/Aluminium/7wmR8jYE">aluminium</a></td><td>577.5</td><td>1816.7</td><td>2744.8</td><td>11,577</td><td>14,842</td><td>18,379</td><td>23,326</td><td>27,465</td><td>31,853</td><td>38,473</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Si</td><td><a href="/facts/Silicon/cgWx0hdr">silicon</a></td><td>786.5</td><td>1577.1</td><td>3231.6</td><td>4355.5</td><td>16,091</td><td>19,805</td><td>23,780</td><td>29,287</td><td>33,878</td><td>38,726</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>P</td><td><a href="/facts/Phosphorus/27xCeIqs">phosphorus</a></td><td>1011.8</td><td>1907</td><td>2914.1</td><td>4963.6</td><td>6273.9</td><td>21,267</td><td>25,431</td><td>29,872</td><td>35,905</td><td>40,950</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>S</td><td><a href="/facts/Sulfur/IK0amTfM">sulfur</a></td><td>999.6</td><td>2252</td><td>3357</td><td>4556</td><td>7004.3</td><td>8495.8</td><td>27,107</td><td>31,719</td><td>36,621</td><td>43,177</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Cl</td><td><a href="/facts/Chlorine/y27UwYBM">chlorine</a></td><td>1251.2</td><td>2298</td><td>3822</td><td>5158.6</td><td>6542</td><td>9362</td><td>11,018</td><td>33,604</td><td>38,600</td><td>43,961</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Ar</td><td><a href="/facts/Argon/QX6NRH6d">argon</a></td><td>1520.6</td><td>2665.8</td><td>3931</td><td>5771</td><td>7238</td><td>8781</td><td>11,995</td><td>13,842</td><td>40,760</td><td>46,186</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>K</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium/5lcumVgo">potassium</a></td><td>418.8</td><td>3052</td><td>4420</td><td>5877</td><td>7975</td><td>9590</td><td>11,343</td><td>14,944</td><td>16,963.7</td><td>48,610</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Ca</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium/hf252CC0">calcium</a></td><td>589.8</td><td>1145.4</td><td>4912.4</td><td>6491</td><td>8153</td><td>10,496</td><td>12,270</td><td>14,206</td><td>18,191</td><td>20,385</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Sc</td><td><a href="/facts/Scandium/TJRt1chg">scandium</a></td><td>633.1</td><td>1235.0</td><td>2388.6</td><td>7090.6</td><td>8843</td><td>10,679</td><td>13,310</td><td>15,250</td><td>17,370</td><td>21,726</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Ti</td><td><a href="/facts/Titanium/53ArnDoy">titanium</a></td><td>658.8</td><td>1309.8</td><td>2652.5</td><td>4174.6</td><td>9581</td><td>11,533</td><td>13,590</td><td>16,440</td><td>18,530</td><td>20,833</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>V</td><td><a href="/facts/Vanadium/UvKkKTSm">vanadium</a></td><td>650.9</td><td>1414</td><td>2830</td><td>4507</td><td>6298.7</td><td>12,363</td><td>14,530</td><td>16,730</td><td>19,860</td><td>22,240</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Cr</td><td><a href="/facts/Chromium/6sVk6Uu7">chromium</a></td><td>652.9</td><td>1590.6</td><td>2987</td><td>4743</td><td>6702</td><td>8744.9</td><td>15,455</td><td>17,820</td><td>20,190</td><td>23,580</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Mn</td><td><a href="/facts/Manganese/j9ELd1TL">manganese</a></td><td>717.3</td><td>1509.0</td><td>3248</td><td>4940</td><td>6990</td><td>9220</td><td>11,500</td><td>18,770</td><td>21,400</td><td>23,960</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Fe</td><td><a href="/facts/Iron/DkICCKIC">iron</a></td><td>762.5</td><td>1561.9</td><td>2957</td><td>5290</td><td>7240</td><td>9560</td><td>12,060</td><td>14,580</td><td>22,540</td><td>25,290</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Co</td><td><a href="/facts/Cobalt/gqhScEw4">cobalt</a></td><td>760.4</td><td>1648</td><td>3232</td><td>4950</td><td>7670</td><td>9840</td><td>12,440</td><td>15,230</td><td>17,959</td><td>26,570</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Ni</td><td><a href="/facts/Nickel/KwMCHYRP">nickel</a></td><td>737.1</td><td>1753.0</td><td>3395</td><td>5300</td><td>7339</td><td>10,400</td><td>12,800</td><td>15,600</td><td>18,600</td><td>21,670</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Cu</td><td><a href="/facts/Copper/I8PEE8oX">copper</a></td><td>745.5</td><td>1957.9</td><td>3555</td><td>5536</td><td>7700</td><td>9900</td><td>13,400</td><td>16,000</td><td>19,200</td><td>22,400</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Zn</td><td><a href="/facts/Zinc/80b1qgk3">zinc</a></td><td>906.4</td><td>1733.3</td><td>3833</td><td>5731</td><td>7970</td><td>10,400</td><td>12,900</td><td>16,800</td><td>19,600</td><td>23,000</td></tr><tr><td>31</td><td>Ga</td><td><a href="/facts/Gallium/EucevDs9">gallium</a></td><td>578.8</td><td>1979.3</td><td>2963</td><td>6180</td></tr><tr><td>32</td><td>Ge</td><td><a href="/facts/Germanium/wtoALHGs">germanium</a></td><td>762</td><td>1537.5</td><td>3302.1</td><td>4411</td><td>9020</td></tr><tr><td>33</td><td>As</td><td><a href="/facts/Arsenic/k1c4f44D">arsenic</a></td><td>947.0</td><td>1798</td><td>2735</td><td>4837</td><td>6043</td><td>12,310</td></tr><tr><td>34</td><td>Se</td><td><a href="/facts/Selenium/k975NApC">selenium</a></td><td>941.0</td><td>2045</td><td>2973.7</td><td>4144</td><td>6590</td><td>7880</td><td>14,990</td></tr><tr><td>35</td><td>Br</td><td><a href="/facts/Bromine/oLfj3C7D">bromine</a></td><td>1139.9</td><td>2103</td><td>3470</td><td>4560</td><td>5760</td><td>8550</td><td>9940</td><td>18,600</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Kr</td><td><a href="/facts/Krypton/llkNlCke">krypton</a></td><td>1350.8</td><td>2350.4</td><td>3565</td><td>5070</td><td>6240</td><td>7570</td><td>10,710</td><td>12,138</td><td>22,274</td><td>25,880</td></tr><tr><td>37</td><td>Rb</td><td><a href="/facts/Rubidium/KDHSe2HM">rubidium</a></td><td>403.0</td><td>2633</td><td>3860</td><td>5080</td><td>6850</td><td>8140</td><td>9570</td><td>13,120</td><td>14,500</td><td>26,740</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Sr</td><td><a href="/facts/Strontium/ABaA5qQK">strontium</a></td><td>549.5</td><td>1064.2</td><td>4138</td><td>5500</td><td>6910</td><td>8760</td><td>10,230</td><td>11,800</td><td>15,600</td><td>17,100</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>Y</td><td><a href="/facts/Yttrium/BlX6rj99">yttrium</a></td><td>600</td><td>1180</td><td>1980</td><td>5847</td><td>7430</td><td>8970</td><td>11,190</td><td>12,450</td><td>14,110</td><td>18,400</td></tr><tr><td>40</td><td>Zr</td><td><a href="/facts/Zirconium/y7gsoQFz">zirconium</a></td><td>640.1</td><td>1270</td><td>2218</td><td>3313</td><td>7752</td><td>9500</td></tr><tr><td>41</td><td>Nb</td><td><a href="/facts/Niobium/3zNI8AKp">niobium</a></td><td>652.1</td><td>1380</td><td>2416</td><td>3700</td><td>4877</td><td>9847</td><td>12,100</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>Mo</td><td><a href="/facts/Molybdenum/RX6vp2bF">molybdenum</a></td><td>684.3</td><td>1560</td><td>2618</td><td>4480</td><td>5257</td><td>6640.8</td><td>12,125</td><td>13,860</td><td>15,835</td><td>17,980</td></tr><tr><td>43</td><td>Tc</td><td><a href="/facts/Technetium/MGYWNI5d">technetium</a></td><td>686.9<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a></td><td>1470</td><td>2850</td></tr><tr><td>44</td><td>Ru</td><td><a href="/facts/Ruthenium/uzCm4ufn">ruthenium</a></td><td>710.2</td><td>1620</td><td>2747</td></tr><tr><td>45</td><td>Rh</td><td><a href="/facts/Rhodium/xmBd9aFG">rhodium</a></td><td>719.7</td><td>1740</td><td>2997</td></tr><tr><td>46</td><td>Pd</td><td><a href="/facts/Palladium/P7y0ESWf">palladium</a></td><td>804.4</td><td>1870</td><td>3177</td></tr><tr><td>47</td><td>Ag</td><td><a href="/facts/Silver/xXe41BGg">silver</a></td><td>731.0</td><td>2070</td><td>3361</td></tr><tr><td>48</td><td>Cd</td><td><a href="/facts/Cadmium/wXkV2eIX">cadmium</a></td><td>867.8</td><td>1631.4</td><td>3616</td></tr><tr><td>49</td><td>In</td><td><a href="/facts/Indium/zRq3stVb">indium</a></td><td>558.3</td><td>1820.7</td><td>2704</td><td>5210</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>Sn</td><td><a href="/facts/Tin/vxbbBgNz">tin</a></td><td>708.6</td><td>1411.8</td><td>2943.0</td><td>3930.3</td><td>7456</td></tr><tr><td>51</td><td>Sb</td><td><a href="/facts/Antimony/YsA7lVgT">antimony</a></td><td>834</td><td>1594.9</td><td>2440</td><td>4260</td><td>5400</td><td>10,400</td></tr><tr><td>52</td><td>Te</td><td><a href="/facts/Tellurium/v7QvfIvS">tellurium</a></td><td>869.3</td><td>1790</td><td>2698</td><td>3610</td><td>5668</td><td>6820</td><td>13,200</td></tr><tr><td>53</td><td>I</td><td><a href="/facts/Iodine/JlfMecMf">iodine</a></td><td>1008.4</td><td>1845.9</td><td>3180</td></tr><tr><td>54</td><td>Xe</td><td><a href="/facts/Xenon/9E3XR69R">xenon</a></td><td>1170.4</td><td>2046.4</td><td>3099.4</td></tr><tr><td>55</td><td>Cs</td><td><a href="/facts/Caesium/dXKN1S5k">caesium</a></td><td>375.7</td><td>2234.3</td><td>3400</td></tr><tr><td>56</td><td>Ba</td><td><a href="/facts/Barium/IkL09XHQ">barium</a></td><td>502.9</td><td>965.2</td><td>3600</td></tr><tr><td>57</td><td>La</td><td><a href="/facts/Lanthanum/Uhmmy1sB">lanthanum</a></td><td>538.1</td><td>1067</td><td>1850.3</td><td>4819</td><td>5940</td></tr><tr><td>58</td><td>Ce</td><td><a href="/facts/Cerium/a7UjMBQ6">cerium</a></td><td>534.4</td><td>1050</td><td>1949</td><td>3547</td><td>6325</td><td>7490</td></tr><tr><td>59</td><td>Pr</td><td><a href="/facts/Praseodymium/2lnRJ9dH">praseodymium</a></td><td>527</td><td>1020</td><td>2086</td><td>3761</td><td>5551</td></tr><tr><td>60</td><td>Nd</td><td><a href="/facts/Neodymium/GzDkTIoI">neodymium</a></td><td>533.1</td><td>1040</td><td>2130</td><td>3900</td></tr><tr><td>61</td><td>Pm</td><td><a href="/facts/Promethium/8xvCz9Rg">promethium</a></td><td>540</td><td>1050</td><td>2150</td><td>3970</td></tr><tr><td>62</td><td>Sm</td><td><a href="/facts/Samarium/09K3kl93">samarium</a></td><td>544.5</td><td>1070</td><td>2260</td><td>3990</td></tr><tr><td>63</td><td>Eu</td><td><a href="/facts/Europium/dqmBm1vr">europium</a></td><td>547.1</td><td>1085</td><td>2404</td><td>4120</td></tr><tr><td>64</td><td>Gd</td><td><a href="/facts/Gadolinium/eLYUeScu">gadolinium</a></td><td>593.4</td><td>1170</td><td>1990</td><td>4250</td></tr><tr><td>65</td><td>Tb</td><td><a href="/facts/Terbium/ICF3PMED">terbium</a></td><td>565.8</td><td>1110</td><td>2114</td><td>3839</td></tr><tr><td>66</td><td>Dy</td><td><a href="/facts/Dysprosium/eMev6zGS">dysprosium</a></td><td>573.0</td><td>1130</td><td>2200</td><td>3990</td></tr><tr><td>67</td><td>Ho</td><td><a href="/facts/Holmium/C73kJVtp">holmium</a></td><td>581.0</td><td>1140</td><td>2204</td><td>4100</td></tr><tr><td>68</td><td>Er</td><td><a href="/facts/Erbium/XEJlgJcx">erbium</a></td><td>589.3</td><td>1150</td><td>2194</td><td>4120</td></tr><tr><td>69</td><td>Tm</td><td><a href="/facts/Thulium/G2905xhd">thulium</a></td><td>596.7</td><td>1160</td><td>2285</td><td>4120</td></tr><tr><td>70</td><td>Yb</td><td><a href="/facts/Ytterbium/3lerM9uf">ytterbium</a></td><td>603.4</td><td>1174.8</td><td>2417</td><td>4203</td></tr><tr><td>71</td><td>Lu</td><td><a href="/facts/Lutetium/URlmnYG8">lutetium</a></td><td>523.5</td><td>1340</td><td>2022.3</td><td>4370</td><td>6445</td></tr><tr><td>72</td><td>Hf</td><td><a href="/facts/Hafnium/rBNnlxDS">hafnium</a></td><td>658.5</td><td>1440</td><td>2250</td><td>3216</td></tr><tr><td>73</td><td>Ta</td><td><a href="/facts/Tantalum/VwaxMm33">tantalum</a></td><td>761</td><td>1500</td></tr><tr><td>74</td><td>W</td><td><a href="/facts/Tungsten/WYwbNDYX">tungsten</a></td><td>770</td><td>1700</td></tr><tr><td>75</td><td>Re</td><td><a href="/facts/Rhenium/TzyqJYEn">rhenium</a></td><td>760</td><td>1260</td><td>2510</td><td>3640</td></tr><tr><td>76</td><td>Os</td><td><a href="/facts/Osmium/1TjXD69n">osmium</a></td><td>840</td><td>1600</td></tr><tr><td>77</td><td>Ir</td><td><a href="/facts/Iridium/cB4n6MbQ">iridium</a></td><td>880</td><td>1600</td></tr><tr><td>78</td><td>Pt</td><td><a href="/facts/Platinum/qJC6lQf7">platinum</a></td><td>870</td><td>1791</td></tr><tr><td>79</td><td>Au</td><td><a href="/facts/Gold/1znknojp">gold</a></td><td>890.1</td><td>1980</td></tr><tr><td>80</td><td>Hg</td><td><a href="/facts/Mercury_(element)/WlxfoHva">mercury</a></td><td>1007.1</td><td>1810</td><td>3300</td></tr><tr><td>81</td><td>Tl</td><td><a href="/facts/Thallium/v35pGMJB">thallium</a></td><td>589.4</td><td>1971</td><td>2878</td></tr><tr><td>82</td><td>Pb</td><td><a href="/facts/Lead/EYljasJN">lead</a></td><td>715.6</td><td>1450.5</td><td>3081.5</td><td>4083</td><td>6640</td></tr><tr><td>83</td><td>Bi</td><td><a href="/facts/Bismuth/75FLjkoX">bismuth</a></td><td>703</td><td>1610</td><td>2466</td><td>4370</td><td>5400</td><td>8520</td></tr><tr><td>84</td><td>Po</td><td><a href="/facts/Polonium/G4rzsyjP">polonium</a></td><td>812.1</td></tr><tr><td>85</td><td>At</td><td><a href="/facts/Astatine/AlbHPBK5">astatine</a></td><td>899.003</td></tr><tr><td>86</td><td>Rn</td><td><a href="/facts/Radon/0V9arWKl">radon</a></td><td>1037</td></tr><tr><td>87</td><td>Fr</td><td><a href="/facts/Francium/P3Rz4gDP">francium</a></td><td>393</td></tr><tr><td>88</td><td>Ra</td><td><a href="/facts/Radium/VWo5gkzn">radium</a></td><td>509.3</td><td>979.0</td></tr><tr><td>89</td><td>Ac</td><td><a href="/facts/Actinium/GMQtJ4Gm">actinium</a></td><td>499</td><td>1170</td><td>1900</td><td>4700</td></tr><tr><td>90</td><td>Th</td><td><a href="/facts/Thorium/ysdWH470">thorium</a></td><td>587</td><td>1110</td><td>1978</td><td>2780</td></tr><tr><td>91</td><td>Pa</td><td><a href="/facts/Protactinium/v87VqTPf">protactinium</a></td><td>568</td><td>1128</td><td>1814</td><td>2991</td></tr><tr><td>92</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Uranium/n2sGWBzU">uranium</a></td><td>597.6</td><td>1420</td><td>1900</td><td>3145</td></tr><tr><td>93</td><td>Np</td><td><a href="/facts/Neptunium/pwp7Yvds">neptunium</a></td><td>604.5</td><td>1128</td><td>1997</td><td>3242</td></tr><tr><td>94</td><td>Pu</td><td><a href="/facts/Plutonium/4bUw9zH3">plutonium</a></td><td>584.7</td><td>1128</td><td>2084</td><td>3338</td></tr><tr><td>95</td><td>Am</td><td><a href="/facts/Americium/rxL9Yc64">americium</a></td><td>578</td><td>1158</td><td>2132</td><td>3493</td></tr><tr><td>96</td><td>Cm</td><td><a href="/facts/Curium/LMyWXg8l">curium</a></td><td>581</td><td>1196</td><td>2026</td><td>3550</td></tr><tr><td>97</td><td>Bk</td><td><a href="/facts/Berkelium/ePryEYy3">berkelium</a></td><td>601</td><td>1186</td><td>2152</td><td>3434</td></tr><tr><td>98</td><td>Cf</td><td><a href="/facts/Californium/AJVjoVut">californium</a></td><td>608</td><td>1206</td><td>2267</td><td>3599</td></tr><tr><td>99</td><td>Es</td><td><a href="/facts/Einsteinium/RePoIVN9">einsteinium</a></td><td>619</td><td>1216</td><td>2334</td><td>3734</td></tr><tr><td>100</td><td>Fm</td><td><a href="/facts/Fermium/Us3rnvG5">fermium</a></td><td>629</td><td>1225</td><td>2363</td><td>3792</td></tr><tr><td>101</td><td>Md</td><td><a href="/facts/Mendelevium/bEHBu18F">mendelevium</a></td><td>636</td><td>1235</td><td>2470</td><td>3840</td></tr><tr><td>102</td><td>No</td><td><a href="/facts/Nobelium/syRkloSw">nobelium</a></td><td>639</td><td>1254</td><td>2643</td><td>3956</td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>Lr</td><td><a href="/facts/Lawrencium/HVw2LVlx">lawrencium</a></td><td>479</td><td>1428</td><td>2228</td><td>4910</td></tr><tr><td>104</td><td>Rf</td><td><a href="/facts/Rutherfordium/44LSnv9p">rutherfordium</a></td><td>580</td><td>1390</td><td>2300</td><td>3080</td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>Db</td><td><a href="/facts/Dubnium/3CHC1lEt">dubnium</a></td><td>665</td><td>1547</td><td>2378</td><td>3299</td><td>4305</td></tr><tr><td>106</td><td>Sg</td><td><a href="/facts/Seaborgium/ejs0Ap6P">seaborgium</a></td><td>757</td><td>1733</td><td>2484</td><td>3416</td><td>4562</td><td>5716</td></tr><tr><td>107</td><td>Bh</td><td><a href="/facts/Bohrium/epvp3GWM">bohrium</a></td><td>740</td><td>1690</td><td>2570</td><td>3600</td><td>4730</td><td>5990</td><td>7230</td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>Hs</td><td><a href="/facts/Hassium/t0bgGzwt">hassium</a></td><td>730</td><td>1760</td><td>2830</td><td>3640</td><td>4940</td><td>6180</td><td>7540</td><td>8860</td></tr><tr><td>109</td><td>Mt</td><td><a href="/facts/Meitnerium/pKaD3sRY">meitnerium</a></td><td>800</td><td>1820</td><td>2900</td><td>3900</td><td>4900</td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>Ds</td><td><a href="/facts/Darmstadtium/etmwTLmP">darmstadtium</a></td><td>960</td><td>1890</td><td>3030</td><td>4000</td><td>5100</td></tr><tr><td>111</td><td>Rg</td><td><a href="/facts/Roentgenium/LEhvJaJQ">roentgenium</a></td><td>1020</td><td>2070</td><td>3080</td><td>4100</td><td>5300</td></tr><tr><td>112</td><td>Cn</td><td><a href="/facts/Copernicium/EhgyBkg0">copernicium</a></td><td>1155</td><td>2170</td><td>3160</td><td>4200</td><td>5500</td></tr><tr><td>113</td><td>Nh</td><td><a href="/facts/Nihonium/sb09p5dv">nihonium</a></td><td>707.2</td><td>2309</td><td>3020</td><td>4382</td><td>5638</td></tr><tr><td>114</td><td>Fl</td><td><a href="/facts/Flerovium/Aa7uGMuG">flerovium</a></td><td>832.2</td><td>1600</td><td>3370</td><td>4400</td><td>5850</td></tr><tr><td>115</td><td>Mc</td><td><a href="/facts/Moscovium/QhSEr0H5">moscovium</a></td><td>538.3</td><td>1760</td><td>2650</td><td>4680</td><td>5720</td></tr><tr><td>116</td><td>Lv</td><td><a href="/facts/Livermorium/nQc1FE6E">livermorium</a></td><td>663.9</td><td>1330</td><td>2850</td><td>3810</td><td>6080</td></tr><tr><td>117</td><td>Ts</td><td><a href="/facts/Tennessine/eGCBDvEr">tennessine</a></td><td>736.9</td><td>1435.4</td><td>2161.9</td><td>4012.9</td><td>5076.4</td></tr><tr><td>118</td><td>Og</td><td><a href="/facts/Oganesson/zs5MQDjV">oganesson</a></td><td>860.1</td><td>1560</td></tr><tr><td>119</td><td>Uue</td><td><a href="/facts/Ununennium/WnpMG7CP">ununennium</a></td><td>463.1</td><td>1700</td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>Ubn</td><td><a href="/facts/Unbinilium/gUvSSHzd">unbinilium</a></td><td>563.3</td><td>895– 919</td></tr><tr><td>121</td><td>Ubu</td><td><a href="/facts/Unbiunium/RYxhEX6Y">unbiunium</a></td><td>429.4</td><td>1110</td><td>1710</td><td>4270</td></tr><tr><td>122</td><td>Ubb</td><td><a href="/facts/Unbibium/V9x3Qsf5">unbibium</a></td><td>545</td><td>1090</td><td>1848</td><td>2520</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="11th20th-ionisation-energies">11th–20th ionisation energies</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>number</th><th>symbol</th><th>name</th><th>11th</th><th>12th</th><th>13th</th><th>14th</th><th>15th</th><th>16th</th><th>17th</th><th>18th</th><th>19th</th><th>20th</th></tr><tr><td>11</td><td>Na</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium/eYuSPu2V">sodium</a></td><td>159,076</td></tr><tr><td>12</td><td>Mg</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium/XyIhd2FG">magnesium</a></td><td>169,988</td><td>189,368</td></tr><tr><td>13</td><td>Al</td><td><a href="/facts/Aluminium/7wmR8jYE">aluminium</a></td><td>42,647</td><td>201,266</td><td>222,316</td></tr><tr><td>14</td><td>Si</td><td><a href="/facts/Silicon/cgWx0hdr">silicon</a></td><td>45,962</td><td>50,502</td><td>235,196</td><td>257,923</td></tr><tr><td>15</td><td>P</td><td><a href="/facts/Phosphorus/27xCeIqs">phosphorus</a></td><td>46,261</td><td>54,110</td><td>59,024</td><td>271,791</td><td>296,195</td></tr><tr><td>16</td><td>S</td><td><a href="/facts/Sulfur/IK0amTfM">sulfur</a></td><td>48,710</td><td>54,460</td><td>62,930</td><td>68,216</td><td>311,048</td><td>337,138</td></tr><tr><td>17</td><td>Cl</td><td><a href="/facts/Chlorine/y27UwYBM">chlorine</a></td><td>51,068</td><td>57,119</td><td>63,363</td><td>72,341</td><td>78,095</td><td>352,994</td><td>380,760</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>Ar</td><td><a href="/facts/Argon/QX6NRH6d">argon</a></td><td>52,002</td><td>59,653</td><td>66,199</td><td>72,918</td><td>82,473</td><td>88,576</td><td>397,605</td><td>427,066</td></tr><tr><td>19</td><td>K</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium/5lcumVgo">potassium</a></td><td>54,490</td><td>60,730</td><td>68,950</td><td>75,900</td><td>83,080</td><td>93,400</td><td>99,710</td><td>444,880</td><td>476,063</td></tr><tr><td>20</td><td>Ca</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium/hf252CC0">calcium</a></td><td>57,110</td><td>63,410</td><td>70,110</td><td>78,890</td><td>86,310</td><td>94,000</td><td>104,900</td><td>111,711</td><td>494,850</td><td>527,762</td></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Sc</td><td><a href="/facts/Scandium/TJRt1chg">scandium</a></td><td>24,102</td><td>66,320</td><td>73,010</td><td>80,160</td><td>89,490</td><td>97,400</td><td>105,600</td><td>117,000</td><td>124,270</td><td>547,530</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Ti</td><td><a href="/facts/Titanium/53ArnDoy">titanium</a></td><td>25,575</td><td>28,125</td><td>76,015</td><td>83,280</td><td>90,880</td><td>100,700</td><td>109,100</td><td>117,800</td><td>129,900</td><td>137,530</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>V</td><td><a href="/facts/Vanadium/UvKkKTSm">vanadium</a></td><td>24,670</td><td>29,730</td><td>32,446</td><td>86,450</td><td>94,170</td><td>102,300</td><td>112,700</td><td>121,600</td><td>130,700</td><td>143,400</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Cr</td><td><a href="/facts/Chromium/6sVk6Uu7">chromium</a></td><td>26,130</td><td>28,750</td><td>34,230</td><td>37,066</td><td>97,510</td><td>105,800</td><td>114,300</td><td>125,300</td><td>134,700</td><td>144,300</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Mn</td><td><a href="/facts/Manganese/j9ELd1TL">manganese</a></td><td>27,590</td><td>30,330</td><td>33,150</td><td>38,880</td><td>41,987</td><td>109,480</td><td>118,100</td><td>127,100</td><td>138,600</td><td>148,500</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Fe</td><td><a href="/facts/Iron/DkICCKIC">iron</a></td><td>28,000</td><td>31,920</td><td>34,830</td><td>37,840</td><td>44,100</td><td>47,206</td><td>122,200</td><td>131,000</td><td>140,500</td><td>152,600</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Co</td><td><a href="/facts/Cobalt/gqhScEw4">cobalt</a></td><td>29,400</td><td>32,400</td><td>36,600</td><td>39,700</td><td>42,800</td><td>49,396</td><td>52,737</td><td>134,810</td><td>145,170</td><td>154,700</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Ni</td><td><a href="/facts/Nickel/KwMCHYRP">nickel</a></td><td>30,970</td><td>34,000</td><td>37,100</td><td>41,500</td><td>44,800</td><td>48,100</td><td>55,101</td><td>58,570</td><td>148,700</td><td>159,000</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Cu</td><td><a href="/facts/Copper/I8PEE8oX">copper</a></td><td>25,600</td><td>35,600</td><td>38,700</td><td>42,000</td><td>46,700</td><td>50,200</td><td>53,700</td><td>61,100</td><td>64,702</td><td>163,700</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Zn</td><td><a href="/facts/Zinc/80b1qgk3">zinc</a></td><td>26,400</td><td>29,990</td><td>40,490</td><td>43,800</td><td>47,300</td><td>52,300</td><td>55,900</td><td>59,700</td><td>67,300</td><td>71,200</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Kr</td><td><a href="/facts/Krypton/llkNlCke">krypton</a></td><td>29,700</td><td>33,800</td><td>37,700</td><td>43,100</td><td>47,500</td><td>52,200</td><td>57,100</td><td>61,800</td><td>75,800</td><td>80,400</td></tr><tr><td>38</td><td>Sr</td><td><a href="/facts/Strontium/ABaA5qQK">strontium</a></td><td>31,270</td></tr><tr><td>39</td><td>Y</td><td><a href="/facts/Yttrium/BlX6rj99">yttrium</a></td><td>19,900</td><td>36,090</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>Mo</td><td><a href="/facts/Molybdenum/RX6vp2bF">molybdenum</a></td><td>20,190</td><td>22,219</td><td>26,930</td><td>29,196</td><td>52,490</td><td>55,000</td><td>61,400</td><td>67,700</td><td>74,000</td><td>80,400</td></tr></tbody></table> <h2 id="21st30th-ionisation-energies">21st–30th ionisation energies</h2> <table><tbody><tr><th>number</th><th>symbol</th><th>name</th><th>21st</th><th>22nd</th><th>23rd</th><th>24th</th><th>25th</th><th>26th</th><th>27th</th><th>28th</th><th>29th</th><th>30th</th></tr><tr><td>21</td><td>Sc</td><td><a href="/facts/Scandium/TJRt1chg">scandium</a></td><td>582,163</td></tr><tr><td>22</td><td>Ti</td><td><a href="/facts/Titanium/53ArnDoy">titanium</a></td><td>602,930</td><td>639,294</td></tr><tr><td>23</td><td>V</td><td><a href="/facts/Vanadium/UvKkKTSm">vanadium</a></td><td>151,440</td><td>661,050</td><td>699,144</td></tr><tr><td>24</td><td>Cr</td><td><a href="/facts/Chromium/6sVk6Uu7">chromium</a></td><td>157,700</td><td>166,090</td><td>721,870</td><td>761,733</td></tr><tr><td>25</td><td>Mn</td><td><a href="/facts/Manganese/j9ELd1TL">manganese</a></td><td>158,600</td><td>172,500</td><td>181,380</td><td>785,450</td><td>827,067</td></tr><tr><td>26</td><td>Fe</td><td><a href="/facts/Iron/DkICCKIC">iron</a></td><td>163,000</td><td>173,600</td><td>188,100</td><td>195,200</td><td>851,800</td><td>895,161</td></tr><tr><td>27</td><td>Co</td><td><a href="/facts/Cobalt/gqhScEw4">cobalt</a></td><td>167,400</td><td>178,100</td><td>189,300</td><td>204,500</td><td>214,100</td><td>920,870</td><td>966,023</td></tr><tr><td>28</td><td>Ni</td><td><a href="/facts/Nickel/KwMCHYRP">nickel</a></td><td>169,400</td><td>182,700</td><td>194,000</td><td>205,600</td><td>221,400</td><td>231,490</td><td>992,718</td><td>1,039,668</td></tr><tr><td>29</td><td>Cu</td><td><a href="/facts/Copper/I8PEE8oX">copper</a></td><td>174,100</td><td>184,900</td><td>198,800</td><td>210,500</td><td>222,700</td><td>239,100</td><td>249,660</td><td>1,067,358</td><td>1,116,105</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>Zn</td><td><a href="/facts/Zinc/80b1qgk3">zinc</a></td><td>179,100</td></tr><tr><td>36</td><td>Kr</td><td><a href="/facts/Krypton/llkNlCke">krypton</a></td><td>85,300</td><td>90,400</td><td>96,300</td><td>101,400</td><td>111,100</td><td>116,290</td><td>282,500</td><td>296,200</td><td>311,400</td><td>326,200</td></tr><tr><td>42</td><td>Mo</td><td><a href="/facts/Molybdenum/RX6vp2bF">molybdenum</a></td><td>87,000</td><td>93,400</td><td>98,420</td><td>104,400</td><td>121,900</td><td>127,700</td><td>133,800</td><td>139,800</td><td>148,100</td><td>154,500</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)/ujQfqhqc">Ionization energies of the elements (data page)</a></li> <li>Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). "Transactinides and the future elements". In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean (eds.). <i>The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements</i> (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: <a href="/facts/Springer_Science%252BBusiness_Media/nAesf6nT">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 1-4020-3555-1. (for predictions)</li> <li>Cotton, Simon (2006). <i>Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry</i>. John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</li> <li>Fricke, Burkhard (1975). <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225672062">"Superheavy elements: a prediction of their chemical and physical properties"</a>. <i>Recent Impact of Physics on Inorganic Chemistry</i>. Structure and Bonding. 21: 89–144. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBFb0116498">10.1007/BFb0116498</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-3-540-07109-9. Retrieved 4 October 2013. (for predictions)</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Mattolat, C.; Gottwald, T.; Raeder, S.; Rothe, S.; Schwellnus, F.; Wendt, K.; Thörle-Pospiech, P.; Trautmann, N. (24 May 2010). "Determination of the first ionization potential of technetium". Physical Review A. 81: 052513. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.81.052513. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>