Telium

<h2 id="host-plants">Host plants</h2>
<p>There are a number of plants that can be infected by the telial stage. Therefore, the telial stage is considered a <a href="/facts/Pathogen/axMXtV1M">pathogen</a> to those plants. A few specific plant pathogenic species are listed here with their <a href="/facts/Host_(biology)/L6mop0kh">hosts</a>.
</p>
<ol><li><i><a href="/facts/Puccinia_graminis/QjThGfLT">Puccinia graminis</a></i> or known commonly as black stem rust. It infects many different cereal crops.</li>
<li><i><a href="/facts/Gymnosporangium_juniperi-virginianae/KEFkveQ4">Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae</a></i>. It infects the eastern red cedar.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> This is shown to the right.</li>
<li><i><a href="/facts/Gymnosporangium_sabinae/VBKhEyqz">Gymnosporangium sabinae</a></i>. It infects pear trees.</li></ol>

<h2 id="spore-stages">Spore stages</h2>
<p>The life cycle of rust fungi can have up to five different spore stages and can get quite complex.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> These stages are:
</p>
<ul><li>Stage 0: <a href="/facts/Pycniospore/9vdt5dRS">Pycniospores</a></li>
<li>Stage I: <a href="/facts/Aeciospore/MjNPTjIB">Aeciospores</a></li>
<li>Stage II: <a href="/facts/Urediniospore/2RmqBLVH">Urediniospores</a></li>
<li>Stage III: <a href="/facts/Teliospore/IIyGPbtm">Teliospores</a></li>
<li>Stage IV: <a href="/facts/Basidiospore/RgmTLSAn">Basidiospores</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>Brand, B.; Brand, G.; Shattock, R. (October 2006). "Sorting out Gymnosporangium species - the aecial stage". Field Mycology. 7 (4): 123–127. doi:10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60574-9. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1468-1641%2810%2960574-9" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1468-1641%2810%2960574-9</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Brand, A.W.; Brand, G.M. (2004). "The Other Half: The telial stage of the rust fungus Gymnosporangium confusum". Field Mycology. 5 (1): 14–16. doi:10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60232-0. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1468-1641%2810%2960232-0" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1468-1641%2810%2960232-0</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Volk, T.J. (1999). "Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for May 1999". University of Wisconsin La Crosse. Retrieved 22 April 2025. <a href="http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/may99.html" target="_blank">http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/toms_fungi/may99.html</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Schumann, G.L.; D'Arcy, C.J. (2010). Essential Plant Pathology (Second ed.). St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-0890543818. <a href="978-0890543818" target="_blank">978-0890543818</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
</ol>

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