Wine Country

<h2 id="appellations">Appellations</h2>

Wine Country is generally regarded as the combined counties of Napa, Sonoma, Mendocino, Lake, Solano, and western parts of Yolo County. These counties contain the following <a href="/facts/American_Viticultural_Area/BpCGWUsQ">American Viticultural Areas</a> (AVAs):<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7">7</a>

<ul><li>in Sonoma County: <a href="/facts/Alexander_Valley_AVA/pLhqdfR0">Alexander Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Bennett_Valley_AVA/I03w9IP3">Bennett Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Chalk_Hill_AVA/eNJoXklf">Chalk Hill</a>, <a href="/facts/Dry_Creek_Valley_AVA/VJEW697R">Dry Creek Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Green_Valley_of_Russian_River_Valley_AVA/hbjttFD8">Green Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Knights_Valley_AVA/NWJle5vr">Knight's Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Los_Carneros_AVA/Jb4WfMXr">Los Carneros</a>, <a href="/facts/Northern_Sonoma_AVA/B46w49JX">Northern Sonoma</a>, <a href="/facts/Petaluma_Gap_AVA/jRPbWUI5">Petaluma Gap</a>, <a href="/facts/Pine_Mountain-Cloverdale_Peak_AVA/vn7s0ku8">Pine Mountain-Cloverdale Peak</a>, <a href="/facts/Rockpile_AVA/1xIgatsr">Rockpile</a>, <a href="/facts/Russian_River_Valley_AVA/WVEFFV6b">Russian River Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Sonoma_Coast_AVA/l1Y7YpDt">Sonoma Coast</a>, <a href="/facts/Sonoma_Mountain_AVA/hHD3pF2C">Sonoma Mountain</a>, <a href="/facts/Sonoma_Valley_AVA/2yvll48b">Sonoma Valley</a> and <a href="/facts/West_Sonoma_Coast_AVA/1wC9mv7F">West Sonoma Coast</a>.</li>
<li>in Napa County: <a href="/facts/Atlas_Peak_AVA/A9bNKWyk">Atlas Peak</a>, <a href="/facts/Chiles_Valley_AVA/hQmS9uT1">Chiles Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Crystal_Springs_of_Napa_Valley_AVA/TQgks93l">Crystal Springs</a>, <a href="/facts/Diamond_Mountain_District_AVA/63sPrvYA">Diamond Mountain District</a>, <a href="/facts/Howell_Mountain_AVA/mVvjhy5U">Howell Mountain</a>, <a href="/facts/Oak_Knoll_District_of_Napa_Valley_AVA/0WGJkU3z">Oak Knoll District</a>, <a href="/facts/Spring_Mountain_District_AVA/WKKL3HHT">Spring Mountain District</a>, <a href="/facts/Wild_Horse_Valley_AVA/cHYuVKgN">Wild Horse Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Los_Carneros_AVA/Jb4WfMXr">Los Carneros</a>, <a href="/facts/Mt._Veeder_AVA/nJzGUzzH">Mount Veeder</a>, <a href="/facts/Napa_Valley_AVA/MLglpafn">Napa Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Oakville_AVA/JYl3WF6x">Oakville</a>, <a href="/facts/Rutherford_AVA/SjIL47p9">Rutherford</a>, <a href="/facts/Saint_Helena_AVA/M41767Ff">Saint Helena</a>, <a href="/facts/Calistoga_AVA/CYY13b2Q">Calistoga</a>, <a href="/facts/Stags_Leap_District_AVA/x9WWkAn6">Stags Leap District</a> and <a href="/facts/Yountville_AVA/q2vYdYPE">Yountville</a>.</li>
<li>in Mendocino County: <a href="/facts/Comptche_AVA/H697N4Hj">Comptche</a>, <a href="/facts/Eagle_Peak_Mendocino_County_AVA/ByQ34PBA">Eagle Peak </a>, <a href="/facts/Anderson_Valley_AVA/z8cETLQf">Anderson Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Cole_Ranch_AVA/J1D6MD8e">Cole Ranch</a>, <a href="/facts/Covelo_AVA/mnDVDYzV">Covelo</a>, <a href="/facts/Dos_Rios_AVA/bMVW97Vw">Dos Rios</a>, <a href="/facts/McDowell_Valley_AVA/QBkkz8xk">McDowell Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Redwood_Valley_AVA/u412uDMR">Redwood Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Yorkville_Highlands_AVA/26VrxjWE">Yorkville Highlands</a>, <a href="/facts/Mendocino_AVA/YMvIwekj">Mendocino</a>, <a href="/facts/Mendocino_Ridge_AVA/hHEHADLq">Mendocino Ridge</a> and <a href="/facts/Potter_Valley_AVA/nnoE4Fp0">Potter Valley</a>.</li>
<li>in Lake County: <a href="/facts/Big_Valley_District-Lake_County_AVA/NsSSPrEU">Big Valley District</a>, <a href="/facts/Clear_Lake_AVA/sISrY8PV">Clear Lake</a>, <a href="/facts/Guenoc_Valley_AVA/uBHAbFJ0">Guenoc Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/High_Valley_AVA/1lj0c926">High Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Kelsey_Bench-Lake_County_AVA/acK45XhK">Kelsey Bench</a>, <a href="/facts/Long_Valley-Lake_County_AVA/YhcEmC5c">Long Valley</a>, <a href="/facts/Red_Hills_Lake_County_AVA/r7nIorTD">Red Hills</a>, and <a href="/facts/Upper_Lake_Valley_AVA/Ajm8tWP2">Upper Lake Valley</a>.</li>
<li>in Solano County: <a href="/facts/Suisun_Valley_AVA/roo5X7mE">Suisun Valley</a> and <a href="/facts/Solano_County_Green_Valley_AVA/nkS3gzII">Green Valley</a>.</li></ul>
The six-county <a href="/facts/North_Coast_AVA/z32vktCV">North Coast AVA</a> overlaps with the Wine Country as defined here and also includes Marin County. In addition, the names of the counties themselves are legal for use as appellation names.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8">8</a>

<h2 id="history">History</h2>

The earliest <a href="/facts/Prehistory/52D6oKM4">prehistory</a> of the Wine Country involves habitation by several <a href="/facts/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States/lr8Qmd6N">Native American</a> tribes from approximately 8000 BC.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9">9</a> The principal tribes living in this region included the <a href="/facts/Pomo/aBgbw8QJ">Pomo</a>, <a href="/facts/Coast_Miwok/Uj7jCs3b">Coast Miwok</a>, <a href="/facts/Wappo/hRx8MN7Q">Wappo</a> and <a href="/facts/Patwin/7whUSGw7">Patwin</a>, whose early peoples practiced certain forms of <a href="/facts/Agriculture/TGztqzJs">agriculture</a>, but probably not involving the cultivation of grapes. During the <a href="/facts/Mexico/IT5bwhdh">Mexican</a> Colonial period and after, <a href="/facts/Europe/DTAtrKfh">European</a> settlers brought in more intensive agriculture to the Wine Country, including growing grapes and wine production. Some of the historical events that led to the establishment of California as a state transpired in the Wine Country. In particular, the town of <a href="/facts/Sonoma%2c_California/gFMtwBpE">Sonoma</a> is known as the birthplace of American California. <a href="/facts/Agoston_Haraszthy/Lo3nIWjX">Agoston Haraszthy</a> is credited as one of the forefathers of the <a href="/facts/California_wine/a5947h0M">California wine</a> industry in Sonoma by his planting of grapes in the lower <a href="/facts/Arroyo_Seco_Creek/HV34G0Bg">Arroyo Seco Creek</a> <a href="/facts/Drainage_basin/lzsx0XJS">watershed</a> of Sonoma County.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10">10</a>
In 2017, many portions of California's Wine Country were heavily devastated by wildfires, including the <a href="/facts/October_2017_Northern_California_wildfires/8QpJoX89">October 2017 Northern California wildfires</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11">11</a>
Founded in 1880, the <a href="/facts/UC_Davis_Department_of_Viticulture_and_Enology/YTezoY03">UC Davis Department of Viticulture and Enology</a> is the most famous and established school for research and education in winemaking in the Northern California region and the United States. It has contributed greatly to Northern California’s growth and establishment as a wine producing region.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12">12</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13">13</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14">14</a>

<h2 id="ecology">Ecology</h2>

A <a href="/facts/Biodiversity/GruakEzs">diversity</a> of <a href="/facts/Aquatic_ecosystem/TkNqBg4N">aquatic</a> and <a href="/facts/Terrestrial_animal/AhP2mont">terrestrial</a> <a href="/facts/Organism/j8JkL09u">organisms</a> populate the Wine Country and its <a href="/facts/Riparian_zone/3NQHWM78">riparian zones</a>. Winter-run <a href="/facts/Chinook_salmon/o6WaX5zn">Chinook salmon</a> (Oncorhynchus tsawytscha), <a href="/facts/Delta_smelt/K9Rp40Lz">Delta smelt</a> (Hypomesus transpacificus) and <a href="/facts/Rainbow_trout/QLSWuo7G">steelhead</a> (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are the most prominent <a href="/facts/Fish/fln4gH9V">fishes</a>. Researchers have studied <a href="/facts/Anadromous/obNpLAUD">anadromous</a> fish-movements extensively in Sonoma Creek and in the <a href="/facts/Napa_River/HRHMylW2">Napa River</a> as well as in the <a href="/facts/Laguna_de_Santa_Rosa/x8vhkzHV">Laguna de Santa Rosa</a> - not only in the mainstems, but in many of the tributaries. These investigations have demonstrated a historical decline in spawning and habitat value for these species, primarily due to sedimentation<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15">15</a> and secondarily to removal of riparian vegetation since the 19th century.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16">16</a>

A variety of <a href="/facts/Salamander/5pKurkwV">salamanders</a>, <a href="/facts/Snake/YhA2gcn0">snakes</a> and <a href="/facts/Frog/IxYhbeda">frogs</a> are also present in the Wine Country. The federally listed as threatened <a href="/facts/California_red-legged_frog/Ft94fhmp">California red-legged frog</a> is present in the northern reach draining the south slopes of <a href="/facts/Annadel_State_Park/WYYWQMnR">Annadel State Park</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17">17</a> Several <a href="/facts/Endangered_species/L7cIweSW">endangered species</a> (mostly associated with the <a href="/facts/Napa_Sonoma_Marsh/w1RYbkph">Napa Sonoma Marsh</a>) present include <a href="/facts/Ridgway%2527s_rail/XANdmL6R">Ridgway's rail</a> (Rallus obsoletus), California <a href="/facts/Black_rail/MAWurY6W">black rail</a> (Laterallus jamaicensis), California <a href="/facts/Brown_pelican/yPry3QUv">brown pelican</a> (Pelicanus occudentalis), California freshwater shrimp (<a href="/facts/Syncaris_pacifica/HuTFk8pd">Syncaris pacifica</a>), <a href="/facts/Salt_marsh_harvest_mouse/C1gfx24S">salt marsh harvest mouse</a> (Reithrodontomys raviventris ), <a href="/facts/Suisun_shrew/X4njw4lM">Suisun shrew</a> (Sorex ornatus sinuosus), <a href="/facts/Sacramento_splittail/W8SJGzLG">Sacramento splittail</a> (Pogonichtys macrolepidotus). The above are <a href="/facts/Endangered_species/L7cIweSW">endangered species</a> with the exception of the splittail, steelhead and black rail, which are federally designated as threatened.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18">18</a>

Upland ecosystems drained include mixed <a href="/facts/California_oak_woodland/MfPwF2TX">California oak woodland</a>, <a href="/facts/Chaparral/vszyaQlg">chaparral</a> and <a href="/facts/Savannah/M0tPdd1l">savannah</a> <a href="/facts/Woodland/BcnoNfmp">woodland</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19">19</a> In these upland reaches one finds plentiful <a href="/facts/Black-tailed_deer/UxBunuHW">black-tailed deer</a>, <a href="/facts/Coyote/RXpwhVfb">coyote</a>, skunk, raccoon, opossum, <a href="/facts/Wild_turkey/8mffpGov">wild turkey</a>, <a href="/facts/Turkey_vulture/LW9J346b">turkey vulture</a>, <a href="/facts/Red-tailed_hawk/ztuthKhr">red-tailed hawk</a> and occasionally bobcat and <a href="/facts/Mountain_lion/bIzW7fPk">mountain lion</a>. Prominent higher elevation trees include: <a href="/facts/Coast_live_oak/17rzSyrD">Coast live oak</a>, <a href="/facts/Garry_oak/BKnQqUP7">Garry oak</a>, <a href="/facts/Pacific_madrone/r3Lo7arK">Pacific madrone</a>, <a href="/facts/California_buckeye/rtvTxLgl">California buckeye</a>, <a href="/facts/Douglas_fir/AhxXILF4">Douglas fir</a>, whereas <a href="/facts/Valley_oak/kNLQA7T3">valley oak</a> is prevalent on the Wine Country valley floors.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20">20</a>

<h2 id="tourism">Tourism</h2>
The Wine Country has undergone a boom in tourism. In 1975 there were only 25 Napa Valley wineries;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21">21</a> today there are well over 800 wineries in Napa and Sonoma Counties.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22">22</a> Tourists come to the region not only for <a href="/facts/Wine_tasting/F2ah9jhX">wine tasting</a>, but also for <a href="/facts/Hiking/agJbxevo">hiking</a>, <a href="/facts/Bicycle/nxBVrlBF">bicycling</a>, <a href="/facts/Hot_air_balloon/k2LHQvXH">hot air ballooning</a>, and historic sites, as well as the extensive culinary choices.
Numerous notable chefs and restaurateurs are present in the Wine Country, including <a href="/facts/Thomas_Keller/Ina7momX">Thomas Keller</a>, John Ash, and Sondra Bernstein.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23">23</a> Besides the obvious winery attractions, the Wine Country is known for the Sonoma County coastline along the <a href="/facts/Pacific_Ocean/bdxgXRVM">Pacific Ocean</a>, the <a href="/facts/Russian_River_(California)/0fA408mv">Russian River</a> valley, <a href="/facts/Redwoods/yKCmSFbw">redwoods</a>, <a href="/facts/Hot_spring/YrzFykH1">hot spring</a> baths, <a href="/facts/Petrified_wood/JBu2j1N8">petrified forests</a> and other natural areas.

<a href="/facts/The_Culinary_Institute_of_America_at_Greystone/6AzFRaMU">The Culinary Institute of America at Greystone</a> is a prestigious Napa <a href="/facts/Culinary_school/4YGL4abl">culinary school</a>.
The Wine Country tourism boom has its downside, exemplified by traffic congestion on <a href="/facts/California_State_Route_29/wWKrn6X5">State Route 29</a>, particularly on summer weekends, when the number of tourists often exceeds the <a href="/facts/Carrying_capacity/7KNgGmIv">carrying capacity</a> of the road. The Napa Valley is also experiencing pressures for increased urbanization and roadway upgrades.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24">24</a> There have also been issues related to regulating home sharing. After a boom in residents renting rooms in private homes, the city government of Napa was forced to require any Napa Airbnb properties to register.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25">25</a>

<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>Wine portal</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/California_wine/a5947h0M">California wine</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Napa_County_wine/Hj0FLE40">Napa County wine</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Sonoma_County_wine/gq6hz9Qf">Sonoma County wine</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Livermore_Valley_AVA/MGlJnd0M">Livermore Valley AVA</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Lake_County_wine/8kFRUl6j">Lake County wine</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Mendocino_County_wine/ed9xIgBo">Mendocino County wine</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Paso_Robles_AVA/DanUUHj7">Paso Robles AVA</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Santa_Clara_Valley_AVA/V1W0e40m">Santa Clara Valley AVA</a></li>
<li><a href="/facts/Temecula_Valley_AVA/ynpR0Hn4">Temecula Valley AVA</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="external-links">External links</h2>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.lakecountywinegrape.org">Lake County Winegrape Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.lakecountywineries.org/">Lake County Winery Association</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.mendowine.com/">Mendocino Wine</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.sonomawinegrape.org/">Sonoma County Winegrape Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.sonomawine.com/">Sonoma County Vintners</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.ttb.gov/AVA/">TTB AVA Map</a></li></ul>

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for California Wine Country.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Wine Country.

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1">Elkjer, Thom (2002). Fodor's Escape to the Wine Country: California's Napa, Sonoma, and Mendocino. Fodor's. ISBN 978-0-679-00918-4. <a href="978-0-679-00918-4" target="_blank">978-0-679-00918-4</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:2">Michael Chiarello, Michael Chiarello's Casual Cooking: Wine Country Recipes for Family and Friends, Chronicle Books, San Francisco, California. <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:3">Whitesides, Mary (2004). Wine Country: Architecture and Interiors. Layton, Utah: Gibbs Smith. <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:4">Molly Chappellet, Gardens of the Wine Country, Chronicle Books, San Francisco, California. <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:5">Appelation America.com <a href="http://wine.appellationamerica.com" target="_blank">http://wine.appellationamerica.com</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:6">"Yolo County". Vinorandum. Retrieved 2024-07-12. <a href="https://www.vinorandum.com/county/yolo-county" target="_blank">https://www.vinorandum.com/county/yolo-county</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:7">"Title 27, Part 9: American Viticultural Areas". Code of Federal Regulations. <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=87d88eb78f810c3e1f85e139346a7d79&mc=true&n=pt27.1.9&r=PART&ty=HTML" target="_blank">https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/retrieveECFR?gp=&SID=87d88eb78f810c3e1f85e139346a7d79&mc=true&n=pt27.1.9&r=PART&ty=HTML</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:8">"Title 27, Section 4.25(a)". Code of Federal Regulations. <a href="https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=637ec990ed5df482596176b5727f4702&mc=true&node=pt27.1.4&rgn=div5#se27.1.4_125" target="_blank">https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=637ec990ed5df482596176b5727f4702&mc=true&node=pt27.1.4&rgn=div5#se27.1.4_125</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:9">Stewart, Suzanne B., Time before Time: Prehistory and Archaeology in the Lake Sonoma Area. Sacramento, CA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1985. <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:10">Charles Sullivan, Zinfandel: A History of a Grape and Its Wine, Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press, 2003. <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:11">Fuller, Thomas; Perez-Pena, Richard; Bromwich, Jonah Engel (October 10, 2017). "Wildfires Burn Out of Control Across Northern California; 17 Are Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved October 11, 2017. <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/us/california-fires.html?module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=U.S.&action=keypress®ion=FixedLeft&pgtype=article" target="_blank">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/10/us/california-fires.html?module=ArrowsNav&contentCollection=U.S.&action=keypress®ion=FixedLeft&pgtype=article</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:12">"UC Davis Marks 140 Years of Service to the Wine Industry". www.winebusiness.com. Retrieved 2024-07-12. <a href="https://www.winebusiness.com/news/article/229484" target="_blank">https://www.winebusiness.com/news/article/229484</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:13">"Exploring UC Davis Viticulture and Enology | ART & WINE MAGAZINE" (in German). 2023-11-24. Retrieved 2024-07-12. <a href="https://www.art-wine-mag.com/wine/uc-davis-viticulture/" target="_blank">https://www.art-wine-mag.com/wine/uc-davis-viticulture/</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:14">Murphy, Linda (December 5, 2004). "Wine School Wars / Two of the best enology programs in the country are right here, but which makes a better winemaker, Davis or Fresno?". SF Gate. <a href="https://www.sfgate.com/magazine/article/Wine-School-Wars-Two-of-the-best-enology-2666841.php" target="_blank">https://www.sfgate.com/magazine/article/Wine-School-Wars-Two-of-the-best-enology-2666841.php</a> <a href="#fnref:14" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:15">Sonoma Creek Watershed Limiting Factors Analysis, Sonoma Ecology Center, with support from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, December 2004. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers" target="_blank">/wiki/U.S._Army_Corps_of_Engineers</a> <a href="#fnref:15" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:16">Bland, Alastair (November 18, 2019). "Wine Moguls Destroy Land And Pay Small Fines As Cost Of Business, Say Activists". NPR News. Retrieved 2019-11-19. <a href="https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/11/18/774859696/wine-moguls-destroy-land-and-pay-small-fines-as-cost-of-business-say-activists" target="_blank">https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/11/18/774859696/wine-moguls-destroy-land-and-pay-small-fines-as-cost-of-business-say-activists</a> <a href="#fnref:16" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:17">San Francisco Bay Area Conservancy Program Fifth Year Report Archived 2007-06-21 at the Wayback Machine pg 19 <a href="http://openspacecouncil.org/projects/conservancy/baosc_conservancy_2004.11.09_fifth_year_report.pdf" target="_blank">http://openspacecouncil.org/projects/conservancy/baosc_conservancy_2004.11.09_fifth_year_report.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:17" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:18">"Baylands Ecosystem Habitat Goals" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-26. Retrieved 2007-04-19. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090326223251/http://sfep.abag.ca.gov/pdf/habitat_goals/Habitat_Goals%5BPart3%5D.pdf" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20090326223251/http://sfep.abag.ca.gov/pdf/habitat_goals/Habitat_Goals%5BPart3%5D.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:18" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:19">California's woodlands <a href="https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/noframe/ca162.htm" target="_blank">https://biology.usgs.gov/s+t/SNT/noframe/ca162.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:19" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:20">Wildlife:The Importance of Hardwood Habitat for Wildlife in California, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1987 <a href="http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr100/psw_gtr100d.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.fs.fed.us/psw/publications/documents/psw_gtr100/psw_gtr100d.pdf</a> <a href="#fnref:20" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:21">"Napa Valley Wine Tasting Tours". Wine Country Tour Shuttle. Archived from the original on August 22, 2018. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180822050127/https://www.napatourshuttle.com/napa_valley_wine_tours.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20180822050127/https://www.napatourshuttle.com/napa_valley_wine_tours.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:21" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:22">"Fodor's California Wine Country Online". 2006. <a href="http://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=california_wine@211" target="_blank">http://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=california_wine@211</a> <a href="#fnref:22" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:23">Bernstein, Sondra (2004). The Girl & the Fig Cookbook: More than 100 Recipes from the Acclaimed California Wine Country Restaurant. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-5521-6. <a href="0-7432-5521-6" target="_blank">0-7432-5521-6</a> <a href="#fnref:23" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:24">"Trancas Road/California State Route 29 Intersection Improvements". NapaTraffic.info. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-04-02. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190528/http://www.napatraffic.info/Trancas%2029.htm" target="_blank">https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190528/http://www.napatraffic.info/Trancas%2029.htm</a> <a href="#fnref:24" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
<li id="fn:25">Yune, Howard (September 4, 2015). "Napa planners support Airbnb-type home rental ordinance". Napa Valley Register. <a href="https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/napa-planners-support-airbnb-type-home-rental-ordinance/article_a9dc8223-e931-5372-9c61-9ae5c7eab7ad.html" target="_blank">https://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/napa-planners-support-airbnb-type-home-rental-ordinance/article_a9dc8223-e931-5372-9c61-9ae5c7eab7ad.html</a> <a href="#fnref:25" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></li>
</ol>

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Wine Country