Ablation (artificial intelligence)

<h2 id="history">History</h2>
<p>The term is credited to <a href="/facts/Allen_Newell/61yUQ647">Allen Newell</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> one of the founders of artificial intelligence, who used it in his 1974 tutorial on <a href="/facts/Speech_recognition/z7S7Pgk6">speech recognition</a>, published in Newell (1975). The term is by analogy with <a href="/facts/Ablation/tTSHH09G">ablation</a> in biology. The motivation was that, while individual components are engineered, the contribution of an individual component to the overall system performance is not clear; removing components allows this analysis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> 
</p><p>Newell compared the human brain to artificial computers. With this in thought, Newell saw both as knowledge systems whereas procedures such as ablation can be performed on both to test certain hypotheses.
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<h2 id="see-also">See also</h2>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Muntzing/w38v9jw4">Muntzing</a></li></ul>

<h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2>
<ul><li>Cohen, Paul R.; <a href="/facts/Adele_Howe/W6vybLoB">Howe, Adele E.</a> (1988-12-15). <a href="https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/952">"How Evaluation Guides AI Research: The Message Still Counts More than the Medium"</a>. <i>AI Magazine</i>. 9 (4): 35–43. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1609%2Faimag.v9i4.952">10.1609/aimag.v9i4.952</a>. <a href="/facts/ISSN_(identifier)/DPAflDvU">ISSN</a> <a href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2371-9621">2371-9621</a>.</li></ul>
<ul><li><a href="/facts/Allen_Newell/61yUQ647">Newell, Allen</a> (1975). <a href="/facts/Raj_Reddy/1P1PW5rw">D. Raj Reddy</a> (ed.). <i>A Tutorial on Speech Understanding Systems</i>. In Speech Recognition: Invited Papers Presented at the 1974 IEEE Symposium. New York: Academic. p. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eJac7g7YfZIC&pg=PA43">43</a>.</li></ul>

<h2 id="references">References</h2>

<ol>
<li id="fn:1"><p>"Ablation Programming for Machine Learning". DIVA. <a href="https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1349978&dswid=-4337" target="_blank">https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1349978&dswid=-4337</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:2"><p>Sheikholeslami, Sina (2019). Ablation Programming for Machine Learning. <a href="https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258413" target="_blank">https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-258413</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:3"><p>Meyes, Richard; Lu, Melanie; de Puiseau, Constantin Waubert; Meisen, Tobias (24 January 2019). "Ablation Studies in Artificial Neural Networks". arXiv:1901.08644 [cs.NE]. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:4"><p>Newell 1975. - Newell, Allen (1975). D. Raj Reddy (ed.). A Tutorial on Speech Understanding Systems. In Speech Recognition: Invited Papers Presented at the 1974 IEEE Symposium. New York: Academic. p. 43. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eJac7g7YfZIC&pg=PA43" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=eJac7g7YfZIC&pg=PA43</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:5"><p>Meyes, Richard; Lu, Melanie; Constantin Waubert de Puiseau; Meisen, Tobias (2019). "Ablation Studies in Artificial Neural Networks". arXiv:1901.08644 [cs.NE]. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:6"><p>"Ablation Studies to Uncover Structure of Learned Representations in Artificial Neural Networks". ProQuest. <a href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/33fb568d0ebec9c44c702393b0c214d7/1?cbl=1976349&pq-origsite=gscholar" target="_blank">https://www.proquest.com/openview/33fb568d0ebec9c44c702393b0c214d7/1?cbl=1976349&pq-origsite=gscholar</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:7"><p>Cohen & Howe 1988, p. 40, Ablation and substitution studies.. - Cohen, Paul R.; Howe, Adele E. (1988-12-15). "How Evaluation Guides AI Research: The Message Still Counts More than the Medium". AI Magazine. 9 (4): 35–43. doi:10.1609/aimag.v9i4.952. ISSN 2371-9621. <a href="https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/952" target="_blank">https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/952</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
<li id="fn:8"><p>Newell 1975. - Newell, Allen (1975). D. Raj Reddy (ed.). A Tutorial on Speech Understanding Systems. In Speech Recognition: Invited Papers Presented at the 1974 IEEE Symposium. New York: Academic. p. 43. <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eJac7g7YfZIC&pg=PA43" target="_blank">https://books.google.com/books?id=eJac7g7YfZIC&pg=PA43</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li>
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Ablation (artificial intelligence) open-in-new

Ablation (artificial intelligence)