The set X = f −1([4,9]) where f (x1, x2) = x21 + x22 is represented on the figure.
For instance, since [−2,1]2 + [4,5]2 = [0,4] + [16,25] = [16,29] does not intersect the interval [4,9], we conclude that the box [−2,1] × [4,5] is outside X. Since [−1,1]2 + [2,√5]2 = [0,1] + [4,5] = [4,6] is inside [4,9], we conclude that the whole box [−1,1] × [2,√5] is inside X.
Set inversion is mainly used for path planning, for nonlinear parameter set estimation,34 for localization56 or for the characterization of stability domains of linear dynamical systems.7
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Colle, E.; Galerne, S. (2013). "Mobile robot localization by multiangulation using set inversion". Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 66 (1): 39–48. doi:10.1016/j.robot.2012.09.006. /wiki/Doi_(identifier) ↩
Drevelle, V.; Bonnifait, Ph. (2011). "A set-membership approach for high integrity height-aided satellite positioning" (PDF). GPS Solutions. 15 (4): 357–368. Bibcode:2011GPSS...15..357D. doi:10.1007/s10291-010-0195-3. S2CID 121728552. https://hal.science/hal-00608133/file/Drevelle_rev3_HAL.pdf ↩
Walter, E.; Jaulin, L. (1994). "Guaranteed characterization of stability domains via set inversion" (PDF). IEEE Trans. Autom. Control. 39 (4): 886–889. doi:10.1109/9.286277. http://www.ensta-bretagne.fr/jaulin/IEEEStab.pdf ↩