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<h2 id="history">History</h2> <p>In 1993, <a href="/facts/Dave_Raggett/792XCv4Q">Dave Raggett</a>, then at <a href="/facts/Hewlett-Packard/abuNSYNu">Hewlett-Packard</a> (HP) in <a href="/facts/Bristol/nLwyoDTG">Bristol, England</a> devoted his spare time to developing Arena on which he hoped to demonstrate new and future HTML specifications. Development of the browser was slow because Raggett was the lone developer and HP, which like many other computer corporations at the time, was unconvinced that the Internet would succeed and thus did not consider investing in <a href="/facts/Web_browser/2pfyymLs">web browser</a> development.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> Raggett demonstrated the browser at the <a href="/facts/World_Wide_Web_Conference_1/8uNRFSF1">first World Wide Web Conference</a> in <a href="/facts/Geneva/14gXxjcq">Geneva, Switzerland</a> in 1994<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> and the 1994 <a href="/facts/Internet_Society/scIaot5x">ISOC</a> conference in <a href="/facts/Prague/txpRNTUE">Prague</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> to show text flow around images, forms, and other aspects of HTML later termed as the HTML+ specification.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> Raggett subsequently partnered with CERN, to develop Arena further as a <a href="/facts/Proof_of_concept/1YzUH8LJ">proof of concept</a> browser for this work. Using the Arena browser, Dave Raggett, Henrik Frystyk Nielsen, <a href="/facts/H%C3%A5kon_Wium_Lie/y20I6vge">Håkon Wium Lie</a> and others demonstrated text flow around a figure with captions, resizable tables, image backgrounds, HTML math, and other features.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> At the Web World conference in <a href="/facts/Orlando,_Florida/QeW5fkCp">Orlando</a>, in early 1995, Raggett demonstrated the different new features of Arena.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:27" href="#fn:27"><sup>27</sup></a> </p><p>Since July 1994 Lie was integrating libwww and CSS and helping Raggett.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:28" href="#fn:28"><sup>28</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:29" href="#fn:29"><sup>29</sup></a> In October 1995, Yves Lafon joined the team for a year to provide support for <a href="/facts/HTML_form/9Ivp2peo">HTML form</a> and <a href="/facts/Style_sheet_(web_development)/6vHquHxG">style sheet</a> development.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:30" href="#fn:30"><sup>30</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:31" href="#fn:31"><sup>31</sup></a> </p><p>Arena was originally released for <a href="/facts/Unix/0pNL2seI">Unix</a>, and although there was talk of a <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Windows</a> and <a href="/facts/Macintosh/8GhnXTK0">Macintosh</a> <a href="/facts/Porting/7s6tFs8B">port</a>,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:32" href="#fn:32"><sup>32</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:33" href="#fn:33"><sup>33</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:34" href="#fn:34"><sup>34</sup></a> neither came to fruition.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:35" href="#fn:35"><sup>35</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:36" href="#fn:36"><sup>36</sup></a> </p><p>Despite its time of development, Arena is in certain areas a relatively modern browser; because it functioned as a testbed,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:37" href="#fn:37"><sup>37</sup></a> it saw the implementation of new technologies long before they became mainstream, e.g. CSS. Arena implemented many elements of the HTML3 and HTML3.2 specification including math elements<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:38" href="#fn:38"><sup>38</sup></a> that were deprecated in HTML4, HTML tables,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:39" href="#fn:39"><sup>39</sup></a> and experimental style sheets.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:40" href="#fn:40"><sup>40</sup></a> </p> <h3>W3C pre-Beta</h3> <p>The development history and the <a href="/facts/Source_code/o9J6Jv23">source code</a> of earlier <a href="/facts/Software_build/uTz1koQy">software builds</a> are not well documented,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:41" href="#fn:41"><sup>41</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:42" href="#fn:42"><sup>42</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:43" href="#fn:43"><sup>43</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:44" href="#fn:44"><sup>44</sup></a> because the developers did not want to distribute the source code until they considered the browser to be stable.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:45" href="#fn:45"><sup>45</sup></a> In version 0.95, support for inline <a href="/facts/JPEG/HQ8QS3uB">JPEG</a> images was added.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:46" href="#fn:46"><sup>46</sup></a> In version 0.96, support was added for the <a href="/facts/File_Transfer_Protocol/THuWgzfw">FTP</a>, <a href="/facts/Network_News_Transfer_Protocol/YTgxGqgR">NNTP</a>, and <a href="/facts/Gopher_(protocol)/G2bpDRQJ">Gopher</a> <a href="/facts/Communications_protocol/5uady7cB">protocols</a>, as well as experimental support for CSS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:47" href="#fn:47"><sup>47</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:48" href="#fn:48"><sup>48</sup></a> In Arena 0.98 Dave Beckett added full PNG support.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:49" href="#fn:49"><sup>49</sup></a> </p> <h3>W3C Beta-1</h3> <p>The W3C published 5 versions of the Arena beta-1 between 27 November 1995 and 8 February 1996 improving <a href="/facts/16-bit/bTGS44Ne">16-bit</a> <a href="/facts/Operating_system/8XTuvMh2">operating system</a> support<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:50" href="#fn:50"><sup>50</sup></a> and reimplementing CSS (which was still a <a href="/facts/W3C_Working_Draft/lGWmhF6M">Working Draft</a>).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:51" href="#fn:51"><sup>51</sup></a> The W3C and the <a href="/facts/National_Institute_for_Research_in_Computer_Science_and_Control/ruIkcapf">INRIA</a>, a French national research institution, gave additional funding to develop CSS.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:52" href="#fn:52"><sup>52</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:53" href="#fn:53"><sup>53</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:54" href="#fn:54"><sup>54</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:55" href="#fn:55"><sup>55</sup></a> To better implement and write CSS, an experimental <a href="/facts/Style_sheet_language/sAU6MR9u">style sheet</a> for Arena was developed. On 22 May 1996, the W3C announced that Amaya will replace Arena as their new testbed and that the W3C was looking for a new maintainer because the W3C did not have the resources for two testbeds.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:56" href="#fn:56"><sup>56</sup></a> </p> <h3>W3C Beta-2</h3> <p>Beta-2 had two builds (beta-2a: 28 February 1996 and beta-2b: 21 March 1996) and introduced a new <a href="/facts/Application_programming_interface/GMlN4vUr">API</a> for communicating with other applications.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:57" href="#fn:57"><sup>57</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:58" href="#fn:58"><sup>58</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:59" href="#fn:59"><sup>59</sup></a> Also, the internal component libwww was updated to version 4.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:60" href="#fn:60"><sup>60</sup></a> <a href="/facts/OMRON/fGa0o0W6">OMRON Corporation</a> developed an <a href="/facts/Internationalization_and_localization/IGkl9VBM">internationalized version</a> that could display Chinese, Korean and Japanese characters in one page.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:61" href="#fn:61"><sup>61</sup></a> OMRON's Arena supports both <a href="/facts/ISO/IEC_2022/3vbwU2Bx">ISO-2022</a> and <a href="/facts/Unicode/DDu3MfPV">Unicode</a>. It is able to guess the <i><a href="/facts/Character_encoding/ShJHIMoA">charset</a></i> parameter automatically if <i>charset</i> parameter isn't specified in Content-Type field.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:62" href="#fn:62"><sup>62</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:63" href="#fn:63"><sup>63</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:64" href="#fn:64"><sup>64</sup></a> </p> <h3>W3C Beta-3</h3> <p>Beta-3a released on 14 August 1996 and Beta-3b released on 16 September 1996 introduced support for the Linux operating systems on <a href="/facts/Motorola_68000_family/jxd7VPlW">m68k</a> and <a href="/facts/DEC_Alpha/4eN7LuXG">DEC Alpha</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:65" href="#fn:65"><sup>65</sup></a> CSS 1 support was enhanced<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:66" href="#fn:66"><sup>66</sup></a> and the internationalized version was also updated.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:67" href="#fn:67"><sup>67</sup></a> Between the two beta-3 releases the W3C was already looking at a new testbed<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:68" href="#fn:68"><sup>68</sup></a> and switched later to the <a href="/facts/Amaya_(web_browser)/uBBEQvSF">Amaya</a> browser.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:69" href="#fn:69"><sup>69</sup></a> Beta-3 was the last involvement of the W3C in the development of Arena. On 17 February 1997, <a href="/facts/Yggdrasil_Linux/GNU/X/G8X3jlXw">Yggdrasil Computing</a> took over the role of developing the browser.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:70" href="#fn:70"><sup>70</sup></a> </p> <h3>Yggdrasil phase</h3> <p>On 17 February 1997, the W3C approved Yggdrasil to coordinate future development of Arena.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:71" href="#fn:71"><sup>71</sup></a> Development was taken over by Yggdrasil, with the idea to turn Arena into an open source <a href="/facts/X_Window_System/ac2vRIQL">X Window System</a> browser licensed under the <a href="/facts/GNU_General_Public_License/S75KhLSX">GNU General Public License</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:72" href="#fn:72"><sup>72</sup></a> Yggdrasil licensed an X <a href="/facts/Emulator/FMHE8qDj">emulator</a> from Pearl Software to port Arena to Windows,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:73" href="#fn:73"><sup>73</sup></a> although these builds were never released. Yggdrasil did not provide any official <a href="/facts/Binary_file/ysttM8hh">binaries</a> at this time, because they did not want to expand the community with alpha-quality software.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:74" href="#fn:74"><sup>74</sup></a> Although users would be able to run Arena by <a href="/facts/Compiler/WNfCDFJe">compiling</a> it from the published source code, volunteers created unofficial finished binaries.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:75" href="#fn:75"><sup>75</sup></a> Yggdrasil had planned to implement browsing features that were already standard in competitive web browsers,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:76" href="#fn:76"><sup>76</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:77" href="#fn:77"><sup>77</sup></a> which resulted in the new <a href="/facts/Bookmark_(World_Wide_Web)/E4WpX0Ku">bookmarks</a> feature in version 0.3.18 on 7 April 1997.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:78" href="#fn:78"><sup>78</sup></a> </p><p>Development stopped in late 1998, with the final release being on 25 November 1998.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:79" href="#fn:79"><sup>79</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:80" href="#fn:80"><sup>80</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/W3C/lGWmhF6M">W3C</a> did not consider demonstration projects to be high priority, and thus, the Arena browser was entirely shut down in favor of outside Linux-community development.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:81" href="#fn:81"><sup>81</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="features">Features</h2> <p>Arena supported the following features: </p> <ul><li>HTML3.0 – the HTML3.2 standard predecessor, which includes <math>, tables, forms, etc.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:82" href="#fn:82"><sup>82</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:83" href="#fn:83"><sup>83</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:84" href="#fn:84"><sup>84</sup></a></li> <li>CSS1<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:85" href="#fn:85"><sup>85</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:86" href="#fn:86"><sup>86</sup></a></li> <li>style sheet editing. This very experimental style sheet editor was implemented using forms<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:87" href="#fn:87"><sup>87</sup></a></li> <li>editing remote HTML pages<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:88" href="#fn:88"><sup>88</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/MIME/P8PDYuts">MIME</a> (reads your mailcap file and applies the rules)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:89" href="#fn:89"><sup>89</sup></a></li> <li>direct access to <a href="/facts/Wide_area_information_server/eEaUzhJk">WAIS</a> engines (optionally)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:90" href="#fn:90"><sup>90</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Hypertext_Transfer_Protocol/TWtvf7JD">HTTP</a> 1.1 proposed by RFC 2068 (formerly called HTTP-NG)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:91" href="#fn:91"><sup>91</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:92" href="#fn:92"><sup>92</sup></a></li> <li>HTML editing with external editor<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:93" href="#fn:93"><sup>93</sup></a></li> <li>external client communication (API<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:94" href="#fn:94"><sup>94</sup></a> and HTML <a href="/facts/Mailto/zF0frput">"mailto:" scheme</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:95" href="#fn:95"><sup>95</sup></a>)</li> <li>PNG, JPEG,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:96" href="#fn:96"><sup>96</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:97" href="#fn:97"><sup>97</sup></a> <a href="/facts/Graphics_Interchange_Format/HfIBWrIC">GIF</a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:98" href="#fn:98"><sup>98</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:99" href="#fn:99"><sup>99</sup></a> (but not animated GIFs)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:100" href="#fn:100"><sup>100</sup></a></li> <li>Bookmarks (since 0.3.18)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:101" href="#fn:101"><sup>101</sup></a></li> <li>full <a href="/facts/X_PixMap/4DqfE6Gf">XPM</a> (since 0.3.33) and full <a href="/facts/X_BitMap/lyIIUDqs">XBM</a> (since 0.3.34)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:102" href="#fn:102"><sup>102</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:103" href="#fn:103"><sup>103</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/facts/Java_applet/oulP2dyy">Java applets</a> (since 0.3.39)<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:104" href="#fn:104"><sup>104</sup></a></li> <li>HTML Table support<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:105" href="#fn:105"><sup>105</sup></a></li> <li>HTML Math equations<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:106" href="#fn:106"><sup>106</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:107" href="#fn:107"><sup>107</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:108" href="#fn:108"><sup>108</sup></a></li> <li>Link rendition<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:109" href="#fn:109"><sup>109</sup></a></li> <li>FTP,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:110" href="#fn:110"><sup>110</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:111" href="#fn:111"><sup>111</sup></a> NNTP,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:112" href="#fn:112"><sup>112</sup></a> Gopher<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:113" href="#fn:113"><sup>113</sup></a></li></ul> <h2 id="technical">Technical</h2> <p>Arena was built using the multi-threaded <a href="/facts/Library_(computing)/xRzL3P7q">library</a> of common code called the W3C Reference Library, now called libwww.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:114" href="#fn:114"><sup>114</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:115" href="#fn:115"><sup>115</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:116" href="#fn:116"><sup>116</sup></a> Originally, the Arena browser was built on top of <a href="/facts/Xlib/2fKMo9BF">Xlib</a> as Raggett considered the programming manuals for <a href="/facts/Motif_(software)/zEwd49VX">Motif</a> and other X libraries to be rather daunting. </p> <h3>Version numbering</h3> <p>Arena has three different systems for the <a href="/facts/Software_versioning/EP8VXAUU">version numbering</a>. The W3C pre-beta phase uses a system of numbers up to 0.99, which indicated that these builds were in <a href="/facts/Alpha_test/z4Q4RElA">alpha</a>-quality and the browser could have new features. The beta phase changed the version numbering to a system consisting of the word "Beta-" beta followed by a number. After the beta-phase, the final product would have the version 1.0. After Yggdrasil overtook the development, the development status was changed from the W3C beta builds back to alpha, implying that the Arena browser wasn't yet ready for release.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:117" href="#fn:117"><sup>117</sup></a> The <i>beta-3e</i> version numbering then became <i>0.3.5</i> in <i><a href="/facts/GNU/HlAKKBdt">GNU</a> style</i><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:118" href="#fn:118"><sup>118</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:119" href="#fn:119"><sup>119</sup></a> Development remained in alpha stage until 0.3.62, and never again advanced to beta. </p> <h2 id="criticism">Criticism</h2> <p>Although Arena ran well,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:120" href="#fn:120"><sup>120</sup></a> there were inconsistent reports about the speed of Arena.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:121" href="#fn:121"><sup>121</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:122" href="#fn:122"><sup>122</sup></a> </p><p>The biggest problems were that Arena couldn't handle forms,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:123" href="#fn:123"><sup>123</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:124" href="#fn:124"><sup>124</sup></a> and that the PNG support was broken from version 0.3.07 on. Earlier Arena releases had full <a href="/facts/Alpha_compositing/7uUBtjrt">alpha-channel</a> support, but only with using Arena's own "sandy" background pattern.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:125" href="#fn:125"><sup>125</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:126" href="#fn:126"><sup>126</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:127" href="#fn:127"><sup>127</sup></a> The <a href="/facts/Animated_GIF/HfIBWrIC">animated GIFs</a> extension – presented by <a href="/facts/Netscape/JGWlEUI7">Netscape</a> in March 1996 – did not work properly.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:128" href="#fn:128"><sup>128</sup></a> </p><p>Other problems included rendering problems with tables,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:129" href="#fn:129"><sup>129</sup></a> and the lack of integration of so-called <i>extended HTML code</i>, i.e. the <BG COLOR>-tag<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:130" href="#fn:130"><sup>130</sup></a> and the <DIV ALIGN>-tag.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:131" href="#fn:131"><sup>131</sup></a> </p><p>Earlier versions of Arena (until 0.3.26 (01.06.97))<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:132" href="#fn:132"><sup>132</sup></a> did not support the email MIME.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:133" href="#fn:133"><sup>133</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="screenshots">Screenshots</h2> Screenshots of the unreleased development of the W3C Arena version 1.0a <h2 id="timeline-of-releases">Timeline of releases</h2> <h2 id="notes">Notes</h2> <h2 id="bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <ul><li>Raymond, Eric S. (26 March 1997). <a href="http://slackware.oregonstate.edu/slackware-3.3/docs/XFree86-HOWTO">"The Linux XFree86 HOWTO"</a>. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720024147/http://slackware.oregonstate.edu/slackware-3.3/docs/XFree86-HOWTO">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2010.</li> <li>Ford, Andrew (1995). <a href="https://archive.org/details/spinningwebhowto00ford"><i>Spinning the web: how to provide information on the Internet</i></a>. International Thomson Pub. p. <a href="https://archive.org/details/spinningwebhowto00ford/page/6">6</a>. Retrieved 9 June 2010.</li> <li>Raggett, Dave; Lam, Jenny; Alexander, Ian (April 1996). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cZMnAAAAMAAJ"><i>HTML 3: electronic publishing on the World Wide Web</i></a>. Addison-Wesley. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-201-87693-2. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319065936/http://books.google.com/books?id=cZMnAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2016.</li> <li>Flynn, Peter (1995). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dgFTAAAAMAAJ"><i>The World Wide Web handbook: a guide for users, authors, and publishers</i></a>. International Thomson Computer Press. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-85032-205-4. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319065807/http://books.google.com/books?id=dgFTAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2016.</li> <li>Reilly, Edwin D. (2003). <a href="https://archive.org/details/milestonesincomp0000reil"><i>Milestones in computer science and information technology</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a href="https://archive.org/details/milestonesincomp0000reil/page/33">33</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-1-57356-521-9. Retrieved 9 June 2010.</li></ul> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Ball, Bill; Smoogen, Stephen (March 1998). <a href="https://archive.org/details/samsteachyoursel00ball"><i>Sams' teach yourself Linux in 24 hours</i></a>. Sams Pub. p. <a href="https://archive.org/details/samsteachyoursel00ball/page/202">202</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-672-31162-8. Retrieved 4 June 2010.</li> <li>Kressin, Mark (1997). <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHzyAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Internet and the World Wide Web: a time-saving guide for new users</i></a>. Prentice Hall PTR. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-13-493743-4. <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150319031300/http://books.google.com/books?id=zHzyAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2016.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul> <li>Free and open-source software portal</li></ul> Wikimedia Commons has media related to Arena (web browser). <ul><li><a href="http://www.w3.org/Arena/">Official website</a> </li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Die Pakete" (PostScript). Scientific Linux. 1998. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. 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