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SCRIB
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<h2 id="function">Function</h2> <p>In <i><a href="/facts/Drosophila_melanogaster/KtnHVCcB">Drosophila melanogaster</a></i>, SCRIB is involved in synaptic function, neuroblast differentiation, and epithelial polarization. Mechanistically, the human <a href="/facts/Homolog/muctKlyT">homolog</a> is a scaffold protein linked to <a href="/facts/Cellular_differentiation/bCVqUG7w">cellular differentiation</a> centered on the regulation of epithelial as well as neuronal morphogenesis. Deficiency in SCRIB impairs many aspects of <a href="/facts/Cell_migration/5ySAMquQ">cell polarity</a> and <a href="/facts/Cell_migration/5ySAMquQ">cell movement</a>. SCRIB is also likely involved in establishing apical-basal polarity as well as progression from the <a href="/facts/G1_phase/92lq1LdT">G1 phase</a> to <a href="/facts/S_phase/vplz8LTU">S phase</a> in the <a href="/facts/Cell_cycle/nLMT7K4r">cell cycle</a> as a result of its relationship with <a href="/facts/Cell_proliferation/Jp3hWo2t">cell proliferation</a> and <a href="/facts/Exocytosis/4P4oQdtA">exocytosis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p><p>The transcribed protein products of the SCRIB gene along with <a href="/facts/DLGAP5/gl6fd0c5">DLGAP5</a> (Discs large) and <a href="/facts/LLGL1/j9srTsQo">LLGL1</a> (Lethal giant larvae) are components of the Scribble complex that is localized in the basolateral membrane. The Scribble complex plays a role in determining <a href="/facts/Cell_polarity/epTfY0gK">cell polarity</a> and <a href="/facts/Cell_proliferation/Jp3hWo2t">cell proliferation</a> in <a href="/facts/Epithelial_cells/ecKHcHC3">epithelial cells</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a> The precise mechanism by which these proteins function together is currently unknown, but they have been implicated in several signaling pathways, vesicle trafficking, and in the <a href="/facts/Myosin/7zGeRkpS">myosin</a> II-actin cytoskeleton.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a> The Scribble complex has been shown to promote basolateral membrane identity by antagonizing both the Par complex and the Crumbs complex, which promote apical membrane identity.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> These genes have also been identified as tumor suppressors in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>. Since these genes are highly conserved in humans, there is evidence that they play a role in cancer progression.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="structure">Structure</h2> <p>The human homolog is a LAP protein, it contains 16 <a href="/facts/Leucine/X7YrkvA5">leucine</a>-rich repeats and four <a href="/facts/PDZ_domain/kSanExq4">PDZ domains</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> SCRIB belongs to a protein complex containing betaPIX, an exchange factor for Rac/Cdc42, and <a href="/facts/GIT1/jgowttKU">GIT1</a>, a GTPase activating protein for <a href="/facts/ARF6/VLJU8LXP">ARF6</a> implicated in receptor recycling and exocytosis.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="subcellular-and-tissue-distribution">Subcellular and tissue distribution</h2> <p>SCRIB is found in the cell membrane most often as a <a href="/facts/Peripheral_membrane_protein/EGsWYg2e">peripheral membrane protein</a>. The Scribble complex is localized at the basolateral membrane.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:14" href="#fn:14"><sup>14</sup></a> SCRIB is also found in cellular junctions such as <a href="/facts/Adherens_junctions/CNFe2Qaj">adherens junctions</a> and <a href="/facts/Tight_junctions/CXxxM5H5">tight junctions</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:15" href="#fn:15"><sup>15</sup></a> Specifically, it is located in the <a href="/facts/Kidney/HBspPrv9">kidney</a>, <a href="/facts/Skeletal_muscles/en1tVYFN">skeletal muscles</a>, <a href="/facts/Liver/Rtp4Fk2b">liver</a>, <a href="/facts/Lung/gTWXI6Fj">lung</a>, <a href="/facts/Breast/UBvcKAjy">breast</a>, <a href="/facts/Intestine/nK2zwqBS">intestine</a>, <a href="/facts/Placenta/7XUoks1b">placenta</a> and <a href="/facts/Epithelial/ecKHcHC3">epithelial</a> cells.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:16" href="#fn:16"><sup>16</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="clinical-significance">Clinical significance</h2> <p>The <a href="/facts/PDZ_domain/kSanExq4">PDZ domain</a> of SCRIB binds directly to the <a href="/facts/Human_papillomavirus/7XW8mjG2">human papillomavirus</a> E6 protein.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:17" href="#fn:17"><sup>17</sup></a> SCRIB is targeted for <a href="/facts/Ubiquitination/hpulmU3m">ubiquitination</a> by a complex of E6 and <a href="/facts/UBE3A/06d3UbHe">UBE3A</a> and E6 induces degradation of SCRIB.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:18" href="#fn:18"><sup>18</sup></a> </p> <h3>Role as a tumor suppressor</h3> <p>As mentioned above, SCRIB has been identified as a tumor suppressor along with <a href="/facts/DLGAP5/gl6fd0c5">DLGAP5</a> (Discs large) and <a href="/facts/LLGL1/j9srTsQo">LLGL1</a> (Lethal giant larvae).<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:19" href="#fn:19"><sup>19</sup></a> Specifically, SCRIB deficient mutants have been shown to promote the activity of numerous <a href="/facts/Oncogenes/WLFu6Ma5">oncogenes</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:20" href="#fn:20"><sup>20</sup></a> For example, SCRIB is known to inhibit breast cancer formation and the depletion of SCRIB promotes <a href="/facts/Neoplastic/K0ytzmPz">neoplastic</a> growth by disrupting <a href="/facts/Morphogenesis/zHJh8Eae">morphogenesis</a> and inhibiting <a href="/facts/Cell_death/UYCzvewT">cell death</a> through an association with <a href="/facts/Myc/7FGlAtFk">Myc</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:21" href="#fn:21"><sup>21</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:22" href="#fn:22"><sup>22</sup></a> In human cells expressing <a href="/facts/Oncogenic/PC8wc1Mf">oncogenic</a> Ras or Raf, it was found the loss of SCRIB resulted in the invasion of the <a href="/facts/Extracellular_matrix/kaHC5Ez8">extracellular matrix</a> by various cell types. This is believed to be a direct result of regulation of the <a href="/facts/MAP_Kinase/YdDS5KkU">MAP Kinase</a> pathway by SCRIB.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:23" href="#fn:23"><sup>23</sup></a> </p> <h3>Role in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)</h3> <p>Due to its role in <a href="/facts/Cell_polarity/epTfY0gK">cell polarity</a> and <a href="/facts/Cell_motility/5ySAMquQ">cell motility</a>, SCRIB has also been implicated in <a href="/facts/Epithelial_mesenchymal_transition/7fTxEBlb">epithelial mesenchymal transition</a> (EMT), which is linked to tumor <a href="/facts/Metastasis/4dadbm6z">metastasis</a> and proliferation in many <a href="/facts/Cancers/PVW6n1D0">cancers</a>. EMT is implicated in cancer progression by allowing static <a href="/facts/Epithelial/ecKHcHC3">epithelial</a> cells to become migratory and allowing these cells to adapt to as well as colonize new environments. In cancerous epithelial tissues, SCRIB is found primarily in the cytosol as opposed to its usual location in the membrane, thus further implicating a role in tumor progression and EMT for SCRIB.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:24" href="#fn:24"><sup>24</sup></a> </p><p>Knockdown mutants have resulted in the loss of adhesion between Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells. This loss of adhesion was correlated with an acquired <a href="/facts/Mesenchymal/3QDGRD1C">mesenchymal</a> appearance, an increase in motility, and loss of directionality. These effects were a direct result of the interruption of <a href="/facts/E-cadherin/u3MPHtKl">E-cadherin</a>-mediated cellular adhesion.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:25" href="#fn:25"><sup>25</sup></a> A decrease in cell migration and an overall decrease in cell motility markers as well as <a href="/facts/Epithelial_mesenchymal_transition/7fTxEBlb">epithelial mesenchymal transition</a> mediators was also observed in small lung adenocarcinoma cells that were depleted of SCRIB.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:26" href="#fn:26"><sup>26</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, et al. (2003). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F9.3.99">"Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones"</a>. <i>DNA Res</i>. 9 (3): 99–106. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F9.3.99">10.1093/dnares/9.3.99</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12168954">12168954</a>.</li> <li>Nagase T, Seki N, Tanaka A, et al. (1996). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F2.4.167">"Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IV. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0121-KIAA0160) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1"</a>. <i>DNA Res</i>. 2 (4): 167–74, 199–210. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F2.4.167">10.1093/dnares/2.4.167</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8590280">8590280</a>.</li> <li>Nakagawa S, Huibregtse JM (2000). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86433">"Human scribble (Vartul) is targeted for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the high-risk papillomavirus E6 proteins and the E6AP ubiquitin-protein ligase"</a>. <i>Mol. Cell. Biol</i>. 20 (21): 8244–53. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1128%2FMCB.20.21.8244-8253.2000">10.1128/MCB.20.21.8244-8253.2000</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC86433">86433</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11027293">11027293</a>.</li> <li>Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241">"Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>. 99 (26): 16899–903. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...9916899M">2002PNAS...9916899M</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.242603899">10.1073/pnas.242603899</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241">139241</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12477932">12477932</a>.</li> <li>Dow LE, Brumby AM, Muratore R, et al. (2004). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1207154">"hScrib is a functional homologue of the Drosophila tumour suppressor Scribble"</a>. <i>Oncogene</i>. 22 (58): 9225–30. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1207154">10.1038/sj.onc.1207154</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14681682">14681682</a>.</li> <li>Nakagawa S, Yano T, Nakagawa K, et al. (2004). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2395302">"Analysis of the expression and localisation of a LAP protein, human scribble, in the normal and neoplastic epithelium of uterine cervix"</a>. <i>Br. J. Cancer</i>. 90 (1): 194–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.bjc.6601465">10.1038/sj.bjc.6601465</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2395302">2395302</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14710229">14710229</a>.</li> <li>Bouwmeester T, Bauch A, Ruffner H, et al. (2004). "A physical and functional map of the human TNF-alpha/NF-kappa B signal transduction pathway". <i>Nat. Cell Biol</i>. 6 (2): 97–105. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncb1086">10.1038/ncb1086</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14743216">14743216</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11683986">11683986</a>.</li> <li>Brill LM, Salomon AR, Ficarro SB, et al. (2004). "Robust phosphoproteomic profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation sites from human T cells using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry". <i>Anal. Chem</i>. 76 (10): 2763–72. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fac035352d">10.1021/ac035352d</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15144186">15144186</a>.</li> <li>Lehner B, Sanderson CM (2004). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC442147">"A protein interaction framework for human mRNA degradation"</a>. <i>Genome Res</i>. 14 (7): 1315–23. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.2122004">10.1101/gr.2122004</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC442147">442147</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15231747">15231747</a>.</li> <li>Borg JP (2004). "[hScrib: a potential novel tumor suppressor]". <i>Pathol. Biol</i>. 52 (6): 328–31. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.patbio.2003.09.015">10.1016/j.patbio.2003.09.015</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15261375">15261375</a>.</li> <li>Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, et al. (2004). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC514446">"Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins"</a>. <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</i>. 101 (33): 12130–5. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004PNAS..10112130B">2004PNAS..10112130B</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0404720101">10.1073/pnas.0404720101</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC514446">514446</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15302935">15302935</a>.</li> <li>Ballif BA, Villén J, Beausoleil SA, et al. (2005). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fmcp.M400085-MCP200">"Phosphoproteomic analysis of the developing mouse brain"</a>. <i>Mol. Cell. Proteomics</i>. 3 (11): 1093–101. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fmcp.M400085-MCP200">10.1074/mcp.M400085-MCP200</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15345747">15345747</a>.</li> <li>Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928">"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)"</a>. <i>Genome Res</i>. 14 (10B): 2121–7. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1101%2Fgr.2596504">10.1101/gr.2596504</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528928">528928</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15489334">15489334</a>.</li> <li>Petit MM, Meulemans SM, Alen P, et al. (2006). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC546208">"The tumor suppressor Scrib interacts with the zyxin-related protein LPP, which shuttles between cell adhesion sites and the nucleus"</a>. <i>BMC Cell Biol</i>. 6 (1): 1. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2121-6-1">10.1186/1471-2121-6-1</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC546208">546208</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15649318">15649318</a>.</li> <li>Barrios-Rodiles M, Brown KR, Ozdamar B, et al. (2005). "High-throughput mapping of a dynamic signaling network in mammalian cells". <i>Science</i>. 307 (5715): 1621–5. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Sci...307.1621B">2005Sci...307.1621B</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1105776">10.1126/science.1105776</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15761153">15761153</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:39457788">39457788</a>.</li> <li>Lahuna O, Quellari M, Achard C, et al. (2005). <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1142541">"Thyrotropin receptor trafficking relies on the hScrib-betaPIX-GIT1-ARF6 pathway"</a>. <i>EMBO J</i>. 24 (7): 1364–74. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.emboj.7600616">10.1038/sj.emboj.7600616</a>. <a href="/facts/PMC_(identifier)/dX1zMt71">PMC</a> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1142541">1142541</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15775968">15775968</a>.</li> <li>Navarro C, Nola S, Audebert S, et al. (2005). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1208632">"Junctional recruitment of mammalian Scribble relies on E-cadherin engagement"</a>. <i>Oncogene</i>. 24 (27): 4330–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1208632">10.1038/sj.onc.1208632</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15806148">15806148</a>.</li> <li>Métais JY, Navarro C, Santoni MJ, et al. (2005). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.febslet.2005.05.062">"hScrib interacts with ZO-2 at the cell-cell junctions of epithelial cells"</a>. <i>FEBS Lett</i>. 579 (17): 3725–30. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.febslet.2005.05.062">10.1016/j.febslet.2005.05.062</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15975580">15975580</a>. <a href="/facts/S2CID_(identifier)/ldJsHa2Y">S2CID</a> <a href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4893407">4893407</a>.</li> <li>Thomas M, Massimi P, Navarro C, et al. (2005). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1208757">"The hScrib/Dlg apico-basal control complex is differentially targeted by HPV-16 and HPV-18 E6 proteins"</a>. <i>Oncogene</i>. 24 (41): 6222–30. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1208757">10.1038/sj.onc.1208757</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16103886">16103886</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>"Entrez Gene: SCRIB scribbled homolog (Drosophila)". <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23513" target="_blank">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23513</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Nagase T, Seki N, Tanaka A, Ishikawa K, Nomura N (August 1995). "Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. IV. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0121-KIAA0160) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1". DNA Res. 2 (4): 167–74, 199–210. doi:10.1093/dnares/2.4.167. PMID 8590280. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F2.4.167" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F2.4.167</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Patrick Humbert; Sarah Russell; Helena Richardson (June 2003). "Dlg, Scribble and Lgl in cell polarity, cell proliferation and cancer". BioEssays. 25 (6): 542–53. doi:10.1002/bies.10286. PMID 12766944. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Patrick Humbert; Sarah Russell; Helena Richardson (June 2003). "Dlg, Scribble and Lgl in cell polarity, cell proliferation and cancer". BioEssays. 25 (6): 542–53. doi:10.1002/bies.10286. 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