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Lentinan
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<h2 id="chemistry">Chemistry</h2> <p>Lentinan is a β-1,3 <a href="/facts/Beta-glucan/alg4Jnt5">beta-glucan</a> with β-1,6 branching. It has a molecular weight of 500,000 Da and specific rotation of +14-22° (NaOH). </p> <h2 id="research">Research</h2> <h3>Preclinical studies</h3> <p>An <i><a href="/facts/In_vitro/evp3hAX6">in vitro</a></i> experiment showed lentinan stimulated production of white blood cells in the human cell line <a href="/facts/U937_cells/xyzT9N2h">U937</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:1" href="#fn:1"><sup>1</sup></a> Lentinan is thought to be inactive in humans when given orally and is therefore administered intravenously. The authors of an <i><a href="/facts/In_vivo/kWcWyl6f">in vivo</a></i> study of lentinan suggested that the compound may be active when administered orally in mice.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> </p> <h3>Human clinical trials</h3> <p>Lentinan has been the subject of a limited number of clinical studies in cancer patients in Japan;<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:8" href="#fn:8"><sup>8</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:9" href="#fn:9"><sup>9</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:10" href="#fn:10"><sup>10</sup></a> however, evidence of <a href="/facts/Efficacy/PNlTeDtD">efficacy</a> is lacking.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:11" href="#fn:11"><sup>11</sup></a><a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:12" href="#fn:12"><sup>12</sup></a> </p> <h3>Adverse effects</h3> <p>Lentinan has been reported to cause <a href="/facts/Shiitake_mushroom_dermatitis/RoHzFIhw">shiitake mushroom dermatitis</a>.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:13" href="#fn:13"><sup>13</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="see-also">See also</h2> <ul><li><a href="/facts/Medicinal_mushrooms/m6Pn8xfP">Medicinal mushrooms</a></li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://www.drugs.com/npp/lentinan.html">Lentinan</a> effects (antitumor and others)</li> <li>Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's page for <a href="http://www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/69279.cfm">Lentinan</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Sia GM, Candlish JK (March 1999). "Effects of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) extract on human neutrophils and the U937 monocytic cell line". Phytotherapy Research. 13 (2): 133–137. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199903)13:2<133::AID-PTR398>3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 10190187. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1573%28199903%2913%3A2%3C133%3A%3AAID-PTR398%3E3.0.CO%3B2-O" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291099-1573%28199903%2913%3A2%3C133%3A%3AAID-PTR398%3E3.0.CO%3B2-O</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Ng ML, Yap AT (October 2002). "Inhibition of human colon carcinoma development by lentinan from shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes)". Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 8 (5): 581–589. doi:10.1089/107555302320825093. PMID 12470439. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Yang P, Liang M, Zhang Y, Shen B (August 2008). "Clinical application of a combination therapy of lentinan, multi-electrode RFA and TACE in HCC". Advances in Therapy. 25 (8): 787–794. doi:10.1007/s12325-008-0079-x. PMID 18670743. S2CID 33140754. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12325-008-0079-x" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12325-008-0079-x</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>Nimura H, Mitsumori N, Takahashi N, Kashimura H, Takayama S, Kashiwagi H, Yanaga K (June 2006). "[S-1 combined with lentinan in patients with unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer]". Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy (in Japanese). 33 Suppl 1 (1): 106–109. PMID 16897983. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/PMID_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>Nakano H, Namatame K, Nemoto H, Motohashi H, Nishiyama K, Kumada K (1999). "A multi-institutional prospective study of lentinan in advanced gastric cancer patients with unresectable and recurrent diseases: effect on prolongation of survival and improvement of quality of life. Kanagawa Lentinan Research Group". Hepato-Gastroenterology. 46 (28): 2662–2668. PMID 10522061. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/PMID_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>Oba K, Kobayashi M, Matsui T, Kodera Y, Sakamoto J (July 2009). "Individual patient based meta-analysis of lentinan for unresectable/recurrent gastric cancer". Anticancer Research. 29 (7): 2739–2745. PMID 19596954. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/PMID_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>Hazama S, Watanabe S, Ohashi M, Yagi M, Suzuki M, Matsuda K, et al. (July 2009). "Efficacy of orally administered superfine dispersed lentinan (beta-1,3-glucan) for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer". Anticancer Research. 29 (7): 2611–2617. PMID 19596936. <a href="http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/29/7/2611.full" target="_blank">http://ar.iiarjournals.org/content/29/7/2611.full</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:8"><p>Kataoka H, Shimura T, Mizoshita T, Kubota E, Mori Y, Mizushima T, et al. (2009). "Lentinan with S-1 and paclitaxel for gastric cancer chemotherapy improve patient quality of life". Hepato-Gastroenterology. 56 (90): 547–550. PMID 19579640. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/PMID_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:8" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:9"><p>Isoda N, Eguchi Y, Nukaya H, Hosho K, Suga Y, Suga T, et al. (2009). "Clinical efficacy of superfine dispersed lentinan (beta-1,3-glucan) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma". Hepato-Gastroenterology. 56 (90): 437–441. PMID 19579616. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/PMID_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:9" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:10"><p>Shimizu K, Watanabe S, Watanabe S, Matsuda K, Suga T, Nakazawa S, Shiratori K (2009). "Efficacy of oral administered superfine dispersed lentinan for advanced pancreatic cancer". Hepato-Gastroenterology. 56 (89): 240–244. PMID 19453066. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/PMID_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:10" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:11"><p>"Lentinan". WebMD. Retrieved June 10, 2017. <a href="http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-763-lentinan.aspx?activeingredientid=763&activeingredientname=lentinan" target="_blank">http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-763-lentinan.aspx?activeingredientid=763&activeingredientname=lentinan</a> <a href="#fnref:11" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:12"><p>"Lentinan". Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Retrieved June 10, 2017. <a href="https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/lentinan" target="_blank">https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/integrative-medicine/herbs/lentinan</a> <a href="#fnref:12" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:13"><p>Nakamura T (August 1992). "Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) dermatitis". Contact Dermatitis. 27 (2): 65–70. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1992.tb05211.x. PMID 1395630. S2CID 7320474. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:13" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>