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Lithium nitrate
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<h2 id="uses">Uses</h2> <p>This deliquescent colourless salt is an <a href="/facts/Oxidation/Pyd5RVcj">oxidizing</a> agent used in the manufacture of red-colored <a href="/facts/Fireworks/sPEQcu3h">fireworks</a> and <a href="/facts/Road_flare/LuXg6UXI">flares</a>. </p> <h3>Thermal storage</h3> <p>The <a href="/facts/Hydrate/dev82l69">hydrated</a> form, lithium nitrate trihydrate, has an extremely high <a href="/facts/Enthalpy_of_fusion/eLJIURcp">specific heat of fusion</a>, 287±7 J/g,<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:2" href="#fn:2"><sup>2</sup></a> and hence can be used for thermal energy storage at its melt temperature of 303.3 K.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:3" href="#fn:3"><sup>3</sup></a> </p><p>Lithium nitrate has been proposed as a medium to store heat collected from the sun for cooking. A <a href="/facts/Fresnel_lens/WYbDj3sn">Fresnel lens</a> would be used to melt solid lithium nitrate, which would then function as a "solar battery", allowing heat to be redistributed later by convection.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:4" href="#fn:4"><sup>4</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="synthesis">Synthesis</h2> <p>Lithium nitrate can be synthesized by reacting nitric acid and lithium carbonate. </p> Li2CO3 + 2 HNO3 → 2 LiNO3 + H2O + CO2 <p>Generally when forming LiNO3, a <a href="/facts/PH_indicator/Levp3yqq">pH indicator</a> is used to determine when all of the acid has been neutralized. However, this neutralization can also be recognized with the loss of <a href="/facts/Carbon_dioxide/xGzpppEp">carbon dioxide</a> production.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:5" href="#fn:5"><sup>5</sup></a> In order to rid the final product of excess water, the sample is heated. </p> <h2 id="toxicity">Toxicity</h2> <p>Lithium nitrate can be toxic to the body when ingested by targeting the central nervous system, thyroids, kidneys, and cardio-vascular system.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:6" href="#fn:6"><sup>6</sup></a> When exposed to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, lithium nitrate can cause irritation to these areas.<a class="footnote-ref" id="fnref:7" href="#fn:7"><sup>7</sup></a> </p> <h2 id="further-reading">Further reading</h2> <ul><li>Berchiesi, Gianfrancesco; Vitali, Giovanni; Amico, Antonio (1985). "Transport properties of lithium nitrate and calcium nitrate binary solutions in molten acetamide". <i>Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data</i>. 30 (2): 208–9. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fje00040a023">10.1021/je00040a023</a>.</li> <li>Kelly, Michael T; Tuan, Christopher Y (2006). "A Case Study Evaluating the Use of Lithium Nitrate to Arrest Alkali-Silica Reaction in an Existing Concrete Pavement". <i>Airfield and Highway Pavement</i>. pp. 625–35. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1061%2F40838%28191%2953">10.1061/40838(191)53</a>. <a href="/facts/ISBN_(identifier)/15AdSPa9">ISBN</a> 978-0-7844-0838-4.</li> <li>Muniz-Miranda, Francesco; Pagliai, Marco; Cardini, Gianni; Righini, Roberto (2012). "Bifurcated Hydrogen Bond in Lithium Nitrate Trihydrate Probed by ab Initio Molecular Dynamics". <i>The Journal of Physical Chemistry A</i>. 116 (9): 2147–53. <a href="/facts/Bibcode_(identifier)/9HtdQSGB">Bibcode</a>:<a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JPCA..116.2147M">2012JPCA..116.2147M</a>. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjp2120115">10.1021/jp2120115</a>. <a href="/facts/Hdl_(identifier)/rdebSxmC">hdl</a>:<a href="https://hdl.handle.net/11380%2F1258626">11380/1258626</a>. <a href="/facts/PMID_(identifier)/JlHAvMHt">PMID</a> <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22309150">22309150</a>.</li> <li>Ruiz, María L; Lick, Ileana D; Leguizamón Aparicio, María S; Ponzi, Marta I; Rodriguez-Castellón, Enrique; Ponzi, Esther N (2012). "NO Influence on Catalytic Soot Combustion: Lithium Nitrate and Gold Catalysts". <i>Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research</i>. 51 (3): 1150–7. <a href="/facts/Doi_(identifier)/muM9Etpq">doi</a>:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fie201295s">10.1021/ie201295s</a>.</li></ul> <h2 id="external-links">External links</h2> <ul><li><a href="http://ull.chemistry.uakron.edu/erd/chemicals1/7/6673.html">Hazardous Chemical Database</a>[<i>permanent dead link</i>]</li></ul> <h2 id="references">References</h2> <ol> <li id="fn:1"><p>Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_393. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:1" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:2"><p>Shamberger, Patrick J.; Reid, Timothy (2012). "Thermophysical Properties of Lithium Nitrate Trihydrate from (253 to 353) K". Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 57 (5): 1404–1411. doi:10.1021/je3000469. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:2" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:3"><p>Kenisarin, Murat; Mahkamov, Khamid (2016). "Salt hydrates as latent heat storage materials:Thermophysical properties and costs". Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 145 (3): 255–286. doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.029. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" target="_blank">/wiki/Doi_(identifier)</a> <a href="#fnref:3" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:4"><p>"A Solar Cooker Prototype for a Greener Tomorrow". 23 March 2011. <a href="http://barbequelovers.com/grills/a-solar-grill-prototype-for-a-greener-tomorrow" target="_blank">http://barbequelovers.com/grills/a-solar-grill-prototype-for-a-greener-tomorrow</a> <a href="#fnref:4" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:5"><p>"Synthesis database: Lithium nitrate synthesis". Amateur Science Network. Retrieved 18 June 2012. <a href="http://www.amasci.net/syntheses/lithium-nitrate-synthesis.php?lang=eng" target="_blank">http://www.amasci.net/syntheses/lithium-nitrate-synthesis.php?lang=eng</a> <a href="#fnref:5" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:6"><p>"Material Safety Data Sheet". Sigma-Aldrich Catalog. Retrieved April 12, 2012. <a href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/DisplayMSDSContent.do" target="_blank">http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/DisplayMSDSContent.do</a> <a href="#fnref:6" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> <li id="fn:7"><p>"Chemical Datasheet". CAMEO Chemicals. Retrieved April 26, 2012. <a href="http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/3774" target="_blank">http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/3774</a> <a href="#fnref:7" class="footnote-back-ref">↩</a></p></li> </ol>